1<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 2<html> 3<!-- This file documents the GNU linker LD 4(GNU Toolchain for the A-profile Architecture 10.3-2021.07 (arm-10.29)) 5version 2.36.1. 6 7Copyright (C) 1991-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 8 9Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 10under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 11or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 12with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no 13Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the 14section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". --> 15<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.1, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> 16<head> 17<title>LD: Nios II</title> 18 19<meta name="description" content="LD: Nios II"> 20<meta name="keywords" content="LD: Nios II"> 21<meta name="resource-type" content="document"> 22<meta name="distribution" content="global"> 23<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> 24<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 25<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> 26<link href="LD-Index.html#LD-Index" rel="index" title="LD Index"> 27<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> 28<link href="Machine-Dependent.html#Machine-Dependent" rel="up" title="Machine Dependent"> 29<link href="PowerPC-ELF32.html#PowerPC-ELF32" rel="next" title="PowerPC ELF32"> 30<link href="NDS32.html#NDS32" rel="previous" title="NDS32"> 31<style type="text/css"> 32<!-- 33a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} 34blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} 35div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} 36div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} 37div.indentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em} 38div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 39div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} 40div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} 41div.smallindentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em; font-size: smaller} 42div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 43kbd {font-style:oblique} 44pre.display {font-family: inherit} 45pre.format {font-family: inherit} 46pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} 47pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} 48pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 49pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} 50pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 51pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} 52span.nocodebreak {white-space:nowrap} 53span.nolinebreak {white-space:nowrap} 54span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal} 55span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal} 56ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} 57--> 58</style> 59 60 61</head> 62 63<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000"> 64<a name="Nios-II"></a> 65<div class="header"> 66<p> 67Next: <a href="PowerPC-ELF32.html#PowerPC-ELF32" accesskey="n" rel="next">PowerPC ELF32</a>, Previous: <a href="NDS32.html#NDS32" accesskey="p" rel="previous">NDS32</a>, Up: <a href="Machine-Dependent.html#Machine-Dependent" accesskey="u" rel="up">Machine Dependent</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LD-Index.html#LD-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> 68</div> 69<hr> 70<a name="ld-and-the-Altera-Nios-II"></a> 71<h3 class="section">5.10 <code>ld</code> and the Altera Nios II</h3> 72<a name="index-Nios-II-call-relaxation"></a> 73<a name="index-_002d_002drelax-on-Nios-II"></a> 74 75<p>Call and immediate jump instructions on Nios II processors are limited to 76transferring control to addresses in the same 256MB memory segment, 77which may result in <code>ld</code> giving 78‘<samp>relocation truncated to fit</samp>’ errors with very large programs. 79The command-line option <samp>--relax</samp> enables the generation of 80trampolines that can access the entire 32-bit address space for calls 81outside the normal <code>call</code> and <code>jmpi</code> address range. These 82trampolines are inserted at section boundaries, so may not themselves 83be reachable if an input section and its associated call trampolines are 84larger than 256MB. 85</p> 86<p>The <samp>--relax</samp> option is enabled by default unless <samp>-r</samp> 87is also specified. You can disable trampoline generation by using the 88<samp>--no-relax</samp> linker option. You can also disable this optimization 89locally by using the ‘<samp>set .noat</samp>’ directive in assembly-language 90source files, as the linker-inserted trampolines use the <code>at</code> 91register as a temporary. 92</p> 93<p>Note that the linker <samp>--relax</samp> option is independent of assembler 94relaxation options, and that using the GNU assembler’s <samp>-relax-all</samp> 95option interferes with the linker’s more selective call instruction relaxation. 96</p> 97 98 99 100 101 102</body> 103</html> 104