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17<title>Debugging with GDB: Python Commands</title>
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64<a name="Python-Commands"></a>
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66<p>
67Next: <a href="Python-API.html#Python-API" accesskey="n" rel="next">Python API</a>, Up: <a href="Python.html#Python" accesskey="u" rel="up">Python</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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70<a name="Python-Commands-1"></a>
71<h4 class="subsection">23.2.1 Python Commands</h4>
72<a name="index-python-commands"></a>
73<a name="index-commands-to-access-python"></a>
74
75<p><small>GDB</small> provides two commands for accessing the Python interpreter,
76and one related setting:
77</p>
78<dl compact="compact">
79<dd><a name="index-python_002dinteractive"></a>
80<a name="index-pi"></a>
81</dd>
82<dt><code>python-interactive <span class="roman">[</span><var>command</var><span class="roman">]</span></code></dt>
83<dt><code>pi <span class="roman">[</span><var>command</var><span class="roman">]</span></code></dt>
84<dd><p>Without an argument, the <code>python-interactive</code> command can be used
85to start an interactive Python prompt.  To return to <small>GDB</small>,
86type the <code>EOF</code> character (e.g., <kbd>Ctrl-D</kbd> on an empty prompt).
87</p>
88<p>Alternatively, a single-line Python command can be given as an
89argument and evaluated.  If the command is an expression, the result
90will be printed; otherwise, nothing will be printed.  For example:
91</p>
92<div class="smallexample">
93<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) python-interactive 2 + 3
945
95</pre></div>
96
97<a name="index-python-1"></a>
98<a name="index-py"></a>
99</dd>
100<dt><code>python <span class="roman">[</span><var>command</var><span class="roman">]</span></code></dt>
101<dt><code>py <span class="roman">[</span><var>command</var><span class="roman">]</span></code></dt>
102<dd><p>The <code>python</code> command can be used to evaluate Python code.
103</p>
104<p>If given an argument, the <code>python</code> command will evaluate the
105argument as a Python command.  For example:
106</p>
107<div class="smallexample">
108<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) python print 23
10923
110</pre></div>
111
112<p>If you do not provide an argument to <code>python</code>, it will act as a
113multi-line command, like <code>define</code>.  In this case, the Python
114script is made up of subsequent command lines, given after the
115<code>python</code> command.  This command list is terminated using a line
116containing <code>end</code>.  For example:
117</p>
118<div class="smallexample">
119<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) python
120&gt;print 23
121&gt;end
12223
123</pre></div>
124
125<a name="index-set-python-print_002dstack"></a>
126</dd>
127<dt><code>set python print-stack</code></dt>
128<dd><p>By default, <small>GDB</small> will print only the message component of a
129Python exception when an error occurs in a Python script.  This can be
130controlled using <code>set python print-stack</code>: if <code>full</code>, then
131full Python stack printing is enabled; if <code>none</code>, then Python stack
132and message printing is disabled; if <code>message</code>, the default, only
133the message component of the error is printed.
134</p></dd>
135</dl>
136
137<p>It is also possible to execute a Python script from the <small>GDB</small>
138interpreter:
139</p>
140<dl compact="compact">
141<dt><code>source <samp>script-name</samp></code></dt>
142<dd><p>The script name must end with &lsquo;<samp>.py</samp>&rsquo; and <small>GDB</small> must be configured
143to recognize the script language based on filename extension using
144the <code>script-extension</code> setting.  See <a href="Extending-GDB.html#Extending-GDB">Extending GDB</a>.
145</p></dd>
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