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<a name="readelf"></a>
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<p>
Next: <a href="elfedit.html#elfedit" accesskey="n" rel="next">elfedit</a>, Previous: <a href="dlltool.html#dlltool" accesskey="p" rel="previous">dlltool</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<hr>
<a name="readelf-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">14 readelf</h2>

<a name="index-ELF-file-information"></a>
<a name="index-readelf"></a>


<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">readelf [<samp>-a</samp>|<samp>--all</samp>]
        [<samp>-h</samp>|<samp>--file-header</samp>]
        [<samp>-l</samp>|<samp>--program-headers</samp>|<samp>--segments</samp>]
        [<samp>-S</samp>|<samp>--section-headers</samp>|<samp>--sections</samp>]
        [<samp>-g</samp>|<samp>--section-groups</samp>]
        [<samp>-t</samp>|<samp>--section-details</samp>]
        [<samp>-e</samp>|<samp>--headers</samp>]
        [<samp>-s</samp>|<samp>--syms</samp>|<samp>--symbols</samp>]
        [<samp>--dyn-syms</samp>|<samp>--lto-syms</samp>]
        [<samp>--demangle<var>=style</var></samp>|<samp>--no-demangle</samp>]
        [<samp>--recurse-limit</samp>|<samp>--no-recurse-limit</samp>]
        [<samp>-n</samp>|<samp>--notes</samp>]
        [<samp>-r</samp>|<samp>--relocs</samp>]
        [<samp>-u</samp>|<samp>--unwind</samp>]
        [<samp>-d</samp>|<samp>--dynamic</samp>]
        [<samp>-V</samp>|<samp>--version-info</samp>]
        [<samp>-A</samp>|<samp>--arch-specific</samp>]
        [<samp>-D</samp>|<samp>--use-dynamic</samp>]
        [<samp>-L</samp>|<samp>--lint</samp>|<samp>--enable-checks</samp>]
        [<samp>-x</samp> &lt;number or name&gt;|<samp>--hex-dump=</samp>&lt;number or name&gt;]
        [<samp>-p</samp> &lt;number or name&gt;|<samp>--string-dump=</samp>&lt;number or name&gt;]
        [<samp>-R</samp> &lt;number or name&gt;|<samp>--relocated-dump=</samp>&lt;number or name&gt;]
        [<samp>-z</samp>|<samp>--decompress</samp>]
        [<samp>-c</samp>|<samp>--archive-index</samp>]
        [<samp>-w[lLiaprmfFsoORtUuTgAckK]</samp>|
         <samp>--debug-dump</samp>[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=str-offsets,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index,=addr,=cu_index,=links,=follow-links]]
        [<samp>--dwarf-depth=<var>n</var></samp>]
        [<samp>--dwarf-start=<var>n</var></samp>]
        [<samp>--ctf=</samp><var>section</var>]
        [<samp>--ctf-parent=</samp><var>section</var>]
        [<samp>--ctf-symbols=</samp><var>section</var>]
        [<samp>--ctf-strings=</samp><var>section</var>]
        [<samp>-I</samp>|<samp>--histogram</samp>]
        [<samp>-v</samp>|<samp>--version</samp>]
        [<samp>-W</samp>|<samp>--wide</samp>]
        [<samp>-T</samp>|<samp>--silent-truncation</samp>]
        [<samp>-H</samp>|<samp>--help</samp>]
        <var>elffile</var>&hellip;
</pre></div>


<p><code>readelf</code> displays information about one or more ELF format object
files.  The options control what particular information to display.
</p>
<p><var>elffile</var>&hellip; are the object files to be examined.  32-bit and
64-bit ELF files are supported, as are archives containing ELF files.
</p>
<p>This program performs a similar function to <code>objdump</code> but it
goes into more detail and it exists independently of the <small>BFD</small>
library, so if there is a bug in <small>BFD</small> then readelf will not be
affected.
</p>


<p>The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
equivalent.  At least one option besides &lsquo;<samp>-v</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>-H</samp>&rsquo; must be
given.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>-a</code></dt>
<dt><code>--all</code></dt>
<dd><p>Equivalent to specifying <samp>--file-header</samp>,
<samp>--program-headers</samp>, <samp>--sections</samp>, <samp>--symbols</samp>,
<samp>--relocs</samp>, <samp>--dynamic</samp>, <samp>--notes</samp>,
<samp>--version-info</samp>, <samp>--arch-specific</samp>, <samp>--unwind</samp>,
<samp>--section-groups</samp> and <samp>--histogram</samp>.
</p>
<p>Note - this option does not enable <samp>--use-dynamic</samp> itself, so
if that option is not present on the command line then dynamic symbols
and dynamic relocs will not be displayed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-h</code></dt>
<dt><code>--file-header</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ELF-file-header-information"></a>
<p>Displays the information contained in the ELF header at the start of the
file.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-l</code></dt>
<dt><code>--program-headers</code></dt>
<dt><code>--segments</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ELF-program-header-information"></a>
<a name="index-ELF-segment-information"></a>
<p>Displays the information contained in the file&rsquo;s segment headers, if it
has any.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-S</code></dt>
<dt><code>--sections</code></dt>
<dt><code>--section-headers</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ELF-section-information"></a>
<p>Displays the information contained in the file&rsquo;s section headers, if it
has any.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-g</code></dt>
<dt><code>--section-groups</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ELF-section-group-information"></a>
<p>Displays the information contained in the file&rsquo;s section groups, if it
has any.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-t</code></dt>
<dt><code>--section-details</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ELF-section-information-1"></a>
<p>Displays the detailed section information. Implies <samp>-S</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-s</code></dt>
<dt><code>--symbols</code></dt>
<dt><code>--syms</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ELF-symbol-table-information"></a>
<p>Displays the entries in symbol table section of the file, if it has one.
If a symbol has version information associated with it then this is
displayed as well.  The version string is displayed as a suffix to the
symbol name, preceded by an @ character.  For example
&lsquo;<samp>foo@VER_1</samp>&rsquo;.  If the version is the default version to be used
when resolving unversioned references to the symbol then it is
displayed as a suffix preceded by two @ characters.  For example
&lsquo;<samp>foo@@VER_2</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--dyn-syms</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ELF-dynamic-symbol-table-information"></a>
<p>Displays the entries in dynamic symbol table section of the file, if it
has one.  The output format is the same as the format used by the
<samp>--syms</samp> option.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--lto-syms</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-LTO-symbol-table"></a>
<p>Displays the contents of any LTO symbol tables in the file.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-C</code></dt>
<dt><code>--demangle[=<var>style</var>]</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-demangling-in-nm-1"></a>
<p>Decode (<em>demangle</em>) low-level symbol names into user-level names.
This makes C++ function names readable.  Different compilers have
different mangling styles.  The optional demangling style argument can
be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your
compiler. See <a href="c_002b_002bfilt.html#c_002b_002bfilt">c++filt</a>, for more information on demangling.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--no-demangle</code></dt>
<dd><p>Do not demangle low-level symbol names.  This is the default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--recurse-limit</code></dt>
<dt><code>--no-recurse-limit</code></dt>
<dt><code>--recursion-limit</code></dt>
<dt><code>--no-recursion-limit</code></dt>
<dd><p>Enables or disables a limit on the amount of recursion performed
whilst demangling strings.  Since the name mangling formats allow for
an infinite level of recursion it is possible to create strings whose
decoding will exhaust the amount of stack space available on the host
machine, triggering a memory fault.  The limit tries to prevent this
from happening by restricting recursion to 2048 levels of nesting.
</p>
<p>The default is for this limit to be enabled, but disabling it may be
necessary in order to demangle truly complicated names.  Note however
that if the recursion limit is disabled then stack exhaustion is
possible and any bug reports about such an event will be rejected.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-e</code></dt>
<dt><code>--headers</code></dt>
<dd><p>Display all the headers in the file.  Equivalent to <samp>-h -l -S</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-n</code></dt>
<dt><code>--notes</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ELF-notes"></a>
<p>Displays the contents of the NOTE segments and/or sections, if any.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-r</code></dt>
<dt><code>--relocs</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ELF-reloc-information"></a>
<p>Displays the contents of the file&rsquo;s relocation section, if it has one.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-u</code></dt>
<dt><code>--unwind</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-unwind-information"></a>
<p>Displays the contents of the file&rsquo;s unwind section, if it has one.  Only
the unwind sections for IA64 ELF files, as well as ARM unwind tables
(<code>.ARM.exidx</code> / <code>.ARM.extab</code>) are currently supported.  If
support is not yet implemented for your architecture you could try
dumping the contents of the <var>.eh_frames</var> section using the
<samp>--debug-dump=frames</samp> or <samp>--debug-dump=frames-interp</samp>
options.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-d</code></dt>
<dt><code>--dynamic</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ELF-dynamic-section-information"></a>
<p>Displays the contents of the file&rsquo;s dynamic section, if it has one.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-V</code></dt>
<dt><code>--version-info</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-ELF-version-sections-information"></a>
<p>Displays the contents of the version sections in the file, it they
exist.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-A</code></dt>
<dt><code>--arch-specific</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays architecture-specific information in the file, if there
is any.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-D</code></dt>
<dt><code>--use-dynamic</code></dt>
<dd><p>When displaying symbols, this option makes <code>readelf</code> use the
symbol hash tables in the file&rsquo;s dynamic section, rather than the
symbol table sections.
</p>
<p>When displaying relocations, this option makes <code>readelf</code>
display the dynamic relocations rather than the static relocations.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-L</code></dt>
<dt><code>--lint</code></dt>
<dt><code>--enable-checks</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays warning messages about possible problems with the file(s)
being examined.  If used on its own then all of the contents of the
file(s) will be examined.  If used with one of the dumping options
then the warning messages will only be produced for the things being
displayed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-x &lt;number or name&gt;</code></dt>
<dt><code>--hex-dump=&lt;number or name&gt;</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the indicated section as a hexadecimal bytes.
A number identifies a particular section by index in the section table;
any other string identifies all sections with that name in the object file.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-R &lt;number or name&gt;</code></dt>
<dt><code>--relocated-dump=&lt;number or name&gt;</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the indicated section as a hexadecimal
bytes.  A number identifies a particular section by index in the
section table; any other string identifies all sections with that name
in the object file.  The contents of the section will be relocated
before they are displayed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-p &lt;number or name&gt;</code></dt>
<dt><code>--string-dump=&lt;number or name&gt;</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the indicated section as printable strings.
A number identifies a particular section by index in the section table;
any other string identifies all sections with that name in the object file.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-z</code></dt>
<dt><code>--decompress</code></dt>
<dd><p>Requests that the section(s) being dumped by <samp>x</samp>, <samp>R</samp> or
<samp>p</samp> options are decompressed before being displayed.  If the
section(s) are not compressed then they are displayed as is.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-c</code></dt>
<dt><code>--archive-index</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Archive-file-symbol-index-information"></a>
<p>Displays the file symbol index information contained in the header part
of binary archives.  Performs the same function as the <samp>t</samp>
command to <code>ar</code>, but without using the BFD library.  See <a href="ar.html#ar">ar</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-w[lLiaprmfFsOoRtUuTgAckK]</code></dt>
<dt><code>--debug-dump[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=str-offsets,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index,=addr,=cu_index,=links,=follow-links]</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Displays the contents of the DWARF debug sections in the file, if any
are present.  Compressed debug sections are automatically decompressed
(temporarily) before they are displayed.  If one or more of the
optional letters or words follows the switch then only those type(s)
of data will be dumped.  The letters and words refer to the following
information:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>a</code></dt>
<dt><code>=abbrev</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_abbrev</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>A</code></dt>
<dt><code>=addr</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_addr</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>c</code></dt>
<dt><code>=cu_index</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_cu_index</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_tu_index</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>f</code></dt>
<dt><code>=frames</code></dt>
<dd><p>Display the raw contents of a &lsquo;<samp>.debug_frame</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>F</code></dt>
<dt><code>=frame-interp</code></dt>
<dd><p>Display the interpreted contents of a &lsquo;<samp>.debug_frame</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>g</code></dt>
<dt><code>=gdb_index</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.gdb_index</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_names</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>i</code></dt>
<dt><code>=info</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_info</samp>&rsquo; section.  Note: the
output from this option can also be restricted by the use of the
<samp>--dwarf-depth</samp> and <samp>--dwarf-start</samp> options.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>k</code></dt>
<dt><code>=links</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.gnu_debuglink</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.gnu_debugaltlink</samp>&rsquo; sections.  Also displays any links to
separate dwarf object files (dwo), if they are specified by the
DW_AT_GNU_dwo_name or DW_AT_dwo_name attributes in the
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_info</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>K</code></dt>
<dt><code>=follow-links</code></dt>
<dd><p>Display the contents of any selected debug sections that are found in
linked, separate debug info file(s).  This can result in multiple
versions of the same debug section being displayed if it exists in
more than one file.
</p>
<p>In addition, when displaying DWARF attributes, if a form is found that
references the separate debug info file, then the referenced contents
will also be displayed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>l</code></dt>
<dt><code>=rawline</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_line</samp>&rsquo; section in a raw
format.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>L</code></dt>
<dt><code>=decodedline</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the interpreted contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_line</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>m</code></dt>
<dt><code>=macro</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_macro</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_macinfo</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>o</code></dt>
<dt><code>=loc</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_loc</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_loclists</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>O</code></dt>
<dt><code>=str-offsets</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_str_offsets</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>p</code></dt>
<dt><code>=pubnames</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_pubnames</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_gnu_pubnames</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>r</code></dt>
<dt><code>=aranges</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_aranges</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>R</code></dt>
<dt><code>=Ranges</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_ranges</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_rnglists</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>s</code></dt>
<dt><code>=str</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_str</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>.debug_line_str</samp>&rsquo;
and/or &lsquo;<samp>.debug_str_offsets</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>t</code></dt>
<dt><code>=pubtype</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_pubtypes</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_gnu_pubtypes</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>T</code></dt>
<dt><code>=trace_aranges</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.trace_aranges</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>u</code></dt>
<dt><code>=trace_abbrev</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.trace_abbrev</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>U</code></dt>
<dt><code>=trace_info</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.trace_info</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<p>Note: displaying the contents of &lsquo;<samp>.debug_static_funcs</samp>&rsquo;,
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_static_vars</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>debug_weaknames</samp>&rsquo; sections is not
currently supported.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--dwarf-depth=<var>n</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Limit the dump of the <code>.debug_info</code> section to <var>n</var> children.
This is only useful with <samp>--debug-dump=info</samp>.  The default is
to print all DIEs; the special value 0 for <var>n</var> will also have this
effect.
</p>
<p>With a non-zero value for <var>n</var>, DIEs at or deeper than <var>n</var>
levels will not be printed.  The range for <var>n</var> is zero-based.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--dwarf-start=<var>n</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Print only DIEs beginning with the DIE numbered <var>n</var>.  This is only
useful with <samp>--debug-dump=info</samp>.
</p>
<p>If specified, this option will suppress printing of any header
information and all DIEs before the DIE numbered <var>n</var>.  Only
siblings and children of the specified DIE will be printed.
</p>
<p>This can be used in conjunction with <samp>--dwarf-depth</samp>.
</p>


</dd>
<dt><code>--ctf=<var>section</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-CTF-1"></a>
<a name="index-Compact-Type-Format-1"></a>

<p>Display the contents of the specified CTF section.  CTF sections themselves
contain many subsections, all of which are displayed in order.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--ctf-parent=<var>section</var></code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specify the name of another section from which the CTF dictionary can inherit
types.  (If none is specified, we assume the CTF dictionary inherits types
from the default-named member of the archive contained within this section.)
</p></dd>
<dt><code>--ctf-symbols=<var>section</var></code></dt>
<dt><code>--ctf-strings=<var>section</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the name of another section from which the CTF file can inherit
strings and symbols.  By default, the <code>.symtab</code> and its linked
string table are used.
</p>
<p>If either of <samp>--ctf-symbols</samp> or <samp>--ctf-strings</samp> is specified, the
other must be specified as well.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-I</code></dt>
<dt><code>--histogram</code></dt>
<dd><p>Display a histogram of bucket list lengths when displaying the contents
of the symbol tables.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-v</code></dt>
<dt><code>--version</code></dt>
<dd><p>Display the version number of readelf.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-W</code></dt>
<dt><code>--wide</code></dt>
<dd><p>Don&rsquo;t break output lines to fit into 80 columns. By default
<code>readelf</code> breaks section header and segment listing lines for
64-bit ELF files, so that they fit into 80 columns. This option causes
<code>readelf</code> to print each section header resp. each segment one a
single line, which is far more readable on terminals wider than 80 columns.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-T</code></dt>
<dt><code>--silent-truncation</code></dt>
<dd><p>Normally when readelf is displaying a symbol name, and it has to
truncate the name to fit into an 80 column display, it will add a
suffix of <code>[...]</code> to the name.  This command line option
disables this behaviour, allowing 5 more characters of the name to be
displayed and restoring the old behaviour of readelf (prior to release
2.35).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-H</code></dt>
<dt><code>--help</code></dt>
<dd><p>Display the command-line options understood by <code>readelf</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>


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