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64<a name="Copying"></a>
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66<p>
67Next: <a href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNU Free Documentation License</a>, Previous: <a href="Man-Pages.html#Man-Pages" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Man Pages</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
68</div>
69<hr>
70<a name="GNU-GENERAL-PUBLIC-LICENSE"></a>
71<h2 class="appendix">Appendix L GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</h2>
72<div align="center">Version 3, 29 June 2007
73</div>
74
75<div class="display">
76<pre class="display">Copyright &copy; 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <a href="http://fsf.org/">http://fsf.org/</a>
77
78Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
79license document, but changing it is not allowed.
80</pre></div>
81
82<a name="Preamble"></a>
83<h3 class="heading">Preamble</h3>
84
85<p>The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
86software and other kinds of works.
87</p>
88<p>The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
89to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
90the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom
91to share and change all versions of a program&mdash;to make sure it remains
92free software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation,
93use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it
94applies also to any other work released this way by its authors.  You
95can apply it to your programs, too.
96</p>
97<p>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
98price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
99have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
100them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
101want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
102free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
103</p>
104<p>To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
105these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you
106have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the
107software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom
108of others.
109</p>
110<p>For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
111gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
112freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too,
113receive or can get the source code.  And you must show them these
114terms so they know their rights.
115</p>
116<p>Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
117(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
118giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
119</p>
120<p>For the developers&rsquo; and authors&rsquo; protection, the GPL clearly explains
121that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users&rsquo; and
122authors&rsquo; sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
123changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
124authors of previous versions.
125</p>
126<p>Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
127modified versions of the software inside them, although the
128manufacturer can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the
129aim of protecting users&rsquo; freedom to change the software.  The
130systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for
131individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.
132Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the
133practice for those products.  If such problems arise substantially in
134other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those
135domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the
136freedom of users.
137</p>
138<p>Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
139States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
140software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish
141to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program
142could make it effectively proprietary.  To prevent this, the GPL
143assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
144</p>
145<p>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
146modification follow.
147</p>
148<a name="TERMS-AND-CONDITIONS"></a>
149<h3 class="heading">TERMS AND CONDITIONS</h3>
150
151<ol>
152<li> Definitions.
153
154<p>&ldquo;This License&rdquo; refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
155</p>
156<p>&ldquo;Copyright&rdquo; also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds
157of works, such as semiconductor masks.
158</p>
159<p>&ldquo;The Program&rdquo; refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
160License.  Each licensee is addressed as &ldquo;you&rdquo;.  &ldquo;Licensees&rdquo; and
161&ldquo;recipients&rdquo; may be individuals or organizations.
162</p>
163<p>To &ldquo;modify&rdquo; a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
164in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of
165an exact copy.  The resulting work is called a &ldquo;modified version&rdquo; of
166the earlier work or a work &ldquo;based on&rdquo; the earlier work.
167</p>
168<p>A &ldquo;covered work&rdquo; means either the unmodified Program or a work based
169on the Program.
170</p>
171<p>To &ldquo;propagate&rdquo; a work means to do anything with it that, without
172permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
173infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
174computer or modifying a private copy.  Propagation includes copying,
175distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
176public, and in some countries other activities as well.
177</p>
178<p>To &ldquo;convey&rdquo; a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
179parties to make or receive copies.  Mere interaction with a user
180through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not
181conveying.
182</p>
183<p>An interactive user interface displays &ldquo;Appropriate Legal Notices&rdquo; to
184the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
185feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
186tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
187extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
188work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License.  If
189the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
190menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
191</p>
192</li><li> Source Code.
193
194<p>The &ldquo;source code&rdquo; for a work means the preferred form of the work for
195making modifications to it.  &ldquo;Object code&rdquo; means any non-source form
196of a work.
197</p>
198<p>A &ldquo;Standard Interface&rdquo; means an interface that either is an official
199standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
200interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
201is widely used among developers working in that language.
202</p>
203<p>The &ldquo;System Libraries&rdquo; of an executable work include anything, other
204than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
205packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
206Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
207Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
208implementation is available to the public in source code form.  A
209&ldquo;Major Component&rdquo;, in this context, means a major essential component
210(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
211(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
212produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
213</p>
214<p>The &ldquo;Corresponding Source&rdquo; for a work in object code form means all
215the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
216work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
217control those activities.  However, it does not include the work&rsquo;s
218System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
219programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
220which are not part of the work.  For example, Corresponding Source
221includes interface definition files associated with source files for
222the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
223linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
224such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
225subprograms and other parts of the work.
226</p>
227<p>The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can
228regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.
229</p>
230<p>The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same
231work.
232</p>
233</li><li> Basic Permissions.
234
235<p>All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
236copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
237conditions are met.  This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
238permission to run the unmodified Program.  The output from running a
239covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
240content, constitutes a covered work.  This License acknowledges your
241rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
242</p>
243<p>You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey,
244without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force.
245You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having
246them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with
247facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the
248terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not
249control copyright.  Those thus making or running the covered works for
250you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and
251control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your
252copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
253</p>
254<p>Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the
255conditions stated below.  Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
256makes it unnecessary.
257</p>
258</li><li> Protecting Users&rsquo; Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
259
260<p>No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
261measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
26211 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
263similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
264measures.
265</p>
266<p>When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
267circumvention of technological measures to the extent such
268circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with
269respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit
270operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against
271the work&rsquo;s users, your or third parties&rsquo; legal rights to forbid
272circumvention of technological measures.
273</p>
274</li><li> Conveying Verbatim Copies.
275
276<p>You may convey verbatim copies of the Program&rsquo;s source code as you
277receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
278appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
279keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
280non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
281keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
282recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
283</p>
284<p>You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
285and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
286</p>
287</li><li> Conveying Modified Source Versions.
288
289<p>You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
290produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
291terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these
292conditions:
293</p>
294<ol>
295<li> The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it,
296and giving a relevant date.
297
298</li><li> The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released
299under this License and any conditions added under section 7.  This
300requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to &ldquo;keep intact all
301notices&rdquo;.
302
303</li><li> You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to
304anyone who comes into possession of a copy.  This License will
305therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms,
306to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they
307are packaged.  This License gives no permission to license the work in
308any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have
309separately received it.
310
311</li><li> If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
312Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
313interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work
314need not make them do so.
315</li></ol>
316
317<p>A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
318works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
319and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
320in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
321&ldquo;aggregate&rdquo; if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
322used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation&rsquo;s users
323beyond what the individual works permit.  Inclusion of a covered work
324in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
325parts of the aggregate.
326</p>
327</li><li> Conveying Non-Source Forms.
328
329<p>You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of
330sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable
331Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these
332ways:
333</p>
334<ol>
335<li> Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
336(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
337Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily
338used for software interchange.
339
340</li><li> Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
341(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written
342offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you
343offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give
344anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the
345Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is
346covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used
347for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable
348cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access
349to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
350
351</li><li> Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written
352offer to provide the Corresponding Source.  This alternative is
353allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you
354received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection
3556b.
356
357</li><li> Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place
358(gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
359Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
360further charge.  You need not require recipients to copy the
361Corresponding Source along with the object code.  If the place to copy
362the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be
363on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports
364equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions
365next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source.
366Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain
367obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to
368satisfy these requirements.
369
370</li><li> Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you
371inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of
372the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under
373subsection 6d.
374
375</li></ol>
376
377<p>A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
378from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
379included in conveying the object code work.
380</p>
381<p>A &ldquo;User Product&rdquo; is either (1) a &ldquo;consumer product&rdquo;, which means any
382tangible personal property which is normally used for personal,
383family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for
384incorporation into a dwelling.  In determining whether a product is a
385consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of
386coverage.  For a particular product received by a particular user,
387&ldquo;normally used&rdquo; refers to a typical or common use of that class of
388product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way
389in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected
390to use, the product.  A product is a consumer product regardless of
391whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or
392non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant
393mode of use of the product.
394</p>
395<p>&ldquo;Installation Information&rdquo; for a User Product means any methods,
396procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to
397install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User
398Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source.  The
399information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of
400the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with
401solely because modification has been made.
402</p>
403<p>If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
404specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
405part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
406User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
407fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
408Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
409by the Installation Information.  But this requirement does not apply
410if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
411modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
412been installed in ROM).
413</p>
414<p>The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
415requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or
416updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the
417recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or
418installed.  Access to a network may be denied when the modification
419itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network
420or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the
421network.
422</p>
423<p>Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
424in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
425documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
426source code form), and must require no special password or key for
427unpacking, reading or copying.
428</p>
429</li><li> Additional Terms.
430
431<p>&ldquo;Additional permissions&rdquo; are terms that supplement the terms of this
432License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
433Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
434be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
435that they are valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions
436apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
437under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
438this License without regard to the additional permissions.
439</p>
440<p>When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
441remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
442it.  (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
443removal in certain cases when you modify the work.)  You may place
444additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
445for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
446</p>
447<p>Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
448add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders
449of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
450</p>
451<ol>
452<li> Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms
453of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
454
455</li><li> Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author
456attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices
457displayed by works containing it; or
458
459</li><li> Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
460requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
461reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
462
463</li><li> Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
464authors of the material; or
465
466</li><li> Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade
467names, trademarks, or service marks; or
468
469</li><li> Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by
470anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with
471contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any
472liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those
473licensors and authors.
474</li></ol>
475
476<p>All other non-permissive additional terms are considered &ldquo;further
477restrictions&rdquo; within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as you
478received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
479governed by this License along with a term that is a further
480restriction, you may remove that term.  If a license document contains
481a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
482License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
483of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
484not survive such relicensing or conveying.
485</p>
486<p>If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
487must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
488additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
489where to find the applicable terms.
490</p>
491<p>Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
492form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the
493above requirements apply either way.
494</p>
495</li><li> Termination.
496
497<p>You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
498provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
499modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
500this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
501paragraph of section 11).
502</p>
503<p>However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
504from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
505unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
506terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
507fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
50860 days after the cessation.
509</p>
510<p>Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
511reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
512violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
513received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
514copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
515your receipt of the notice.
516</p>
517<p>Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
518licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
519this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
520reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
521material under section 10.
522</p>
523</li><li> Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
524
525<p>You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run
526a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
527occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
528to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,
529nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
530modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
531not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
532covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
533</p>
534</li><li> Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
535
536<p>Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
537receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
538propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
539for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
540</p>
541<p>An &ldquo;entity transaction&rdquo; is a transaction transferring control of an
542organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
543organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
544work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
545transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
546licenses to the work the party&rsquo;s predecessor in interest had or could
547give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
548Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
549the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
550</p>
551<p>You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
552rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
553not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
554rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
555(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
556any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
557sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
558</p>
559</li><li> Patents.
560
561<p>A &ldquo;contributor&rdquo; is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
562License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
563work thus licensed is called the contributor&rsquo;s &ldquo;contributor version&rdquo;.
564</p>
565<p>A contributor&rsquo;s &ldquo;essential patent claims&rdquo; are all patent claims owned
566or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
567hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
568by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
569but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
570consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
571purposes of this definition, &ldquo;control&rdquo; includes the right to grant
572patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
573this License.
574</p>
575<p>Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
576patent license under the contributor&rsquo;s essential patent claims, to
577make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
578propagate the contents of its contributor version.
579</p>
580<p>In the following three paragraphs, a &ldquo;patent license&rdquo; is any express
581agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
582(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
583sue for patent infringement).  To &ldquo;grant&rdquo; such a patent license to a
584party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
585patent against the party.
586</p>
587<p>If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
588and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
589to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
590publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
591then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
592available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
593patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
594consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
595license to downstream recipients.  &ldquo;Knowingly relying&rdquo; means you have
596actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
597covered work in a country, or your recipient&rsquo;s use of the covered work
598in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
599country that you have reason to believe are valid.
600</p>
601<p>If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
602arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
603covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
604receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
605or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
606you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
607work and works based on it.
608</p>
609<p>A patent license is &ldquo;discriminatory&rdquo; if it does not include within the
610scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on
611the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically
612granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered work if you
613are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the
614business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the
615third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the
616work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties
617who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent
618license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by
619you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in
620connection with specific products or compilations that contain the
621covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent
622license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
623</p>
624<p>Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
625any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
626otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
627</p>
628</li><li> No Surrender of Others&rsquo; Freedom.
629
630<p>If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
631otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
632excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey
633a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under
634this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a
635consequence you may not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree
636to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying
637from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could
638satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely
639from conveying the Program.
640</p>
641</li><li> Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
642
643<p>Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
644permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
645under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
646combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
647License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
648but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
649section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
650combination as such.
651</p>
652</li><li> Revised Versions of this License.
653
654<p>The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
655of the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new
656versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
657differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
658</p>
659<p>Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
660specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public
661License &ldquo;or any later version&rdquo; applies to it, you have the option of
662following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or
663of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.  If
664the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General
665Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
666Software Foundation.
667</p>
668<p>If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions
669of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy&rsquo;s public
670statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to
671choose that version for the Program.
672</p>
673<p>Later license versions may give you additional or different
674permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
675author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
676later version.
677</p>
678</li><li> Disclaimer of Warranty.
679
680<p>THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
681APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
682HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM &ldquo;AS IS&rdquo; WITHOUT
683WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
684LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
685A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
686PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
687DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
688CORRECTION.
689</p>
690</li><li> Limitation of Liability.
691
692<p>IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
693WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR
694CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
695INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
696ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT
697NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR
698LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM
699TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER
700PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
701</p>
702</li><li> Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
703
704<p>If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
705above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
706reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
707an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
708Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
709copy of the Program in return for a fee.
710</p>
711</li></ol>
712
713<a name="END-OF-TERMS-AND-CONDITIONS"></a>
714<h3 class="heading">END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</h3>
715
716<a name="How-to-Apply-These-Terms-to-Your-New-Programs"></a>
717<h3 class="heading">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</h3>
718
719<p>If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
720possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
721free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
722terms.
723</p>
724<p>To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
725to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
726state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
727the &ldquo;copyright&rdquo; line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
728</p>
729<div class="smallexample">
730<pre class="smallexample"><var>one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.</var>
731Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>name of author</var>
732
733This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
734it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
735the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
736your option) any later version.
737
738This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
739WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
740MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
741General Public License for more details.
742
743You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
744along with this program.  If not, see <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
745</pre></div>
746
747<p>Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
748</p>
749<p>If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
750notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
751</p>
752<div class="smallexample">
753<pre class="smallexample"><var>program</var> Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>name of author</var>
754This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type &lsquo;<samp>show w</samp>&rsquo;.
755This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
756under certain conditions; type &lsquo;<samp>show c</samp>&rsquo; for details.
757</pre></div>
758
759<p>The hypothetical commands &lsquo;<samp>show w</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>show c</samp>&rsquo; should show
760the appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your
761program&rsquo;s commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would
762use an &ldquo;about box&rdquo;.
763</p>
764<p>You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
765if any, to sign a &ldquo;copyright disclaimer&rdquo; for the program, if necessary.
766For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
767<a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
768</p>
769<p>The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your
770program into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine
771library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
772applications with the library.  If this is what you want to do, use
773the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.  But
774first, please read <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html</a>.
775</p>
776<hr>
777<div class="header">
778<p>
779Next: <a href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNU Free Documentation License</a>, Previous: <a href="Man-Pages.html#Man-Pages" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Man Pages</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
780</div>
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