1<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 2<html> 3<!-- Copyright (C) 1991-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 4 5Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 6under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 7or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 8with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no 9Back-Cover Texts. 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It 94complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft 95license designed for free software. 96</p> 97<p>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free 98software, because free software needs free documentation: a free 99program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the 100software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; 101it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or 102whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License 103principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 104</p> 105</li><li> APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 106 107<p>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that 108contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be 109distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a 110world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that 111work under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”, below, 112refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a 113licensee, and is addressed as “you”. You accept the license if you 114copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission 115under copyright law. 116</p> 117<p>A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the 118Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with 119modifications and/or translated into another language. 120</p> 121<p>A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section 122of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the 123publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall 124subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall 125directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in 126part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain 127any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical 128connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, 129commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding 130them. 131</p> 132<p>The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose titles 133are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice 134that says that the Document is released under this License. If a 135section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not 136allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero 137Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant 138Sections then there are none. 139</p> 140<p>The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are listed, 141as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that 142the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may 143be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. 144</p> 145<p>A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, 146represented in a format whose specification is available to the 147general public, that is suitable for revising the document 148straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of 149pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available 150drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or 151for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input 152to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file 153format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart 154or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. 155An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount 156of text. A copy that is not “Transparent” is called “Opaque”. 157</p> 158<p>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain 159<small>ASCII</small> without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input 160format, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or <acronym>XML</acronym> using a publicly available 161<acronym>DTD</acronym>, and standard-conforming simple <acronym>HTML</acronym>, 162PostScript or <acronym>PDF</acronym> designed for human modification. Examples 163of transparent image formats include <acronym>PNG</acronym>, <acronym>XCF</acronym> and 164<acronym>JPG</acronym>. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be 165read and edited only by proprietary word processors, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or 166<acronym>XML</acronym> for which the <acronym>DTD</acronym> and/or processing tools are 167not generally available, and the machine-generated <acronym>HTML</acronym>, 168PostScript or <acronym>PDF</acronym> produced by some word processors for 169output purposes only. 170</p> 171<p>The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself, 172plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material 173this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in 174formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page” means 175the text near the most prominent appearance of the work’s title, 176preceding the beginning of the body of the text. 177</p> 178<p>The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes copies 179of the Document to the public. 180</p> 181<p>A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document whose 182title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following 183text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a 184specific section name mentioned below, such as “Acknowledgements”, 185“Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve the Title” 186of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a 187section “Entitled XYZ” according to this definition. 188</p> 189<p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which 190states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty 191Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this 192License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other 193implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has 194no effect on the meaning of this License. 195</p> 196</li><li> VERBATIM COPYING 197 198<p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either 199commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the 200copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies 201to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other 202conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use 203technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further 204copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept 205compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough 206number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. 207</p> 208<p>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and 209you may publicly display copies. 210</p> 211</li><li> COPYING IN QUANTITY 212 213<p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have 214printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the 215Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the 216copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover 217Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on 218the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify 219you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present 220the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and 221visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. 222Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve 223the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated 224as verbatim copying in other respects. 225</p> 226<p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit 227legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit 228reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent 229pages. 230</p> 231<p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering 232more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent 233copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy 234a computer-network location from which the general network-using 235public has access to download using public-standard network protocols 236a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. 237If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, 238when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure 239that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated 240location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an 241Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that 242edition to the public. 243</p> 244<p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the 245Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give 246them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. 247</p> 248</li><li> MODIFICATIONS 249 250<p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under 251the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release 252the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified 253Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution 254and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy 255of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: 256</p> 257<ol> 258<li> Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct 259from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions 260(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section 261of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version 262if the original publisher of that version gives permission. 263 264</li><li> List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities 265responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified 266Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the 267Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), 268unless they release you from this requirement. 269 270</li><li> State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the 271Modified Version, as the publisher. 272 273</li><li> Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. 274 275</li><li> Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications 276adjacent to the other copyright notices. 277 278</li><li> Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice 279giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the 280terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. 281 282</li><li> Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections 283and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license notice. 284 285</li><li> Include an unaltered copy of this License. 286 287</li><li> Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, and add 288to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and 289publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If 290there is no section Entitled “History” in the Document, create one 291stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as 292given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified 293Version as stated in the previous sentence. 294 295</li><li> Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for 296public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise 297the network locations given in the Document for previous versions 298it was based on. These may be placed in the “History” section. 299You may omit a network location for a work that was published at 300least four years before the Document itself, or if the original 301publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. 302 303</li><li> For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, Preserve 304the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the 305substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or 306dedications given therein. 307 308</li><li> Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, 309unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers 310or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. 311 312</li><li> Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section 313may not be included in the Modified Version. 314 315</li><li> Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled “Endorsements” or 316to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. 317 318</li><li> Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. 319</li></ol> 320 321<p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or 322appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material 323copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all 324of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the 325list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. 326These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. 327</p> 328<p>You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains 329nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various 330parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has 331been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a 332standard. 333</p> 334<p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a 335passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list 336of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of 337Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or 338through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already 339includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or 340by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, 341you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit 342permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. 343</p> 344<p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License 345give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or 346imply endorsement of any Modified Version. 347</p> 348</li><li> COMBINING DOCUMENTS 349 350<p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under this 351License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified 352versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the 353Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and 354list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its 355license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. 356</p> 357<p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and 358multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single 359copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but 360different contents, make the title of each such section unique by 361adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original 362author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. 363Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of 364Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. 365</p> 366<p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled “History” 367in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled 368“History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, 369and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You must delete all 370sections Entitled “Endorsements.” 371</p> 372</li><li> COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 373 374<p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents 375released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this 376License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in 377the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for 378verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. 379</p> 380<p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute 381it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this 382License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all 383other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. 384</p> 385</li><li> AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 386 387<p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate 388and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or 389distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright 390resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights 391of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. 392When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not 393apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves 394derivative works of the Document. 395</p> 396<p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these 397copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of 398the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on 399covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the 400electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. 401Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole 402aggregate. 403</p> 404</li><li> TRANSLATION 405 406<p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may 407distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. 408Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special 409permission from their copyright holders, but you may include 410translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the 411original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a 412translation of this License, and all the license notices in the 413Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include 414the original English version of this License and the original versions 415of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between 416the translation and the original version of this License or a notice 417or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. 418</p> 419<p>If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, 420“Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve 421its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual 422title. 423</p> 424</li><li> TERMINATION 425 426<p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document 427except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt 428otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and 429will automatically terminate your rights under this License. 430</p> 431<p>However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license 432from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, 433unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally 434terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder 435fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 43660 days after the cessation. 437</p> 438<p>Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is 439reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the 440violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have 441received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that 442copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after 443your receipt of the notice. 444</p> 445<p>Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the 446licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under 447this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently 448reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does 449not give you any rights to use it. 450</p> 451</li><li> FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE 452 453<p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions 454of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new 455versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may 456differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See 457<a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</a>. 458</p> 459<p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. 460If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this 461License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of 462following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or 463of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the 464Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version 465number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not 466as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document 467specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this 468License can be used, that proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a 469version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the 470Document. 471</p> 472</li><li> RELICENSING 473 474<p>“Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC Site”) means any 475World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also 476provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A 477public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A 478“Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or “MMC”) contained in the 479site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC 480site. 481</p> 482<p>“CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 483license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit 484corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, 485California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license 486published by that same organization. 487</p> 488<p>“Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or 489in part, as part of another Document. 490</p> 491<p>An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under this 492License, and if all works that were first published under this License 493somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole 494or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, 495and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008. 496</p> 497<p>The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site 498under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, 499provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. 500</p> 501</li></ol> 502 503<a name="ADDENDUM_003a-How-to-use-this-License-for-your-documents"></a> 504<h3 class="heading">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</h3> 505 506<p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of 507the License in the document and put the following copyright and 508license notices just after the title page: 509</p> 510<div class="smallexample"> 511<pre class="smallexample"> Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>your name</var>. 512 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 513 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 514 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 515 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover 516 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU 517 Free Documentation License''. 518</pre></div> 519 520<p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, 521replace the “with…Texts.” line with this: 522</p> 523<div class="smallexample"> 524<pre class="smallexample"> with the Invariant Sections being <var>list their titles</var>, with 525 the Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts 526 being <var>list</var>. 527</pre></div> 528 529<p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other 530combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the 531situation. 532</p> 533<p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we 534recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of 535free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, 536to permit their use in free software. 537</p> 538 539 540<hr> 541<div class="header"> 542<p> 543Next: <a href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Binutils Index</a>, Previous: <a href="Reporting-Bugs.html#Reporting-Bugs" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Reporting Bugs</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> 544</div> 545 546 547 548</body> 549</html> 550