1<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 2<html> 3<!-- This file documents the GNU Assembler "as". 4 5Copyright (C) 1991-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 6 7Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 8under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 9or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 10with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no 11Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the 12section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". 13 --> 14<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.1, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> 15<head> 16<title>Using as: Symbol Value</title> 17 18<meta name="description" content="Using as: Symbol Value"> 19<meta name="keywords" content="Using as: Symbol Value"> 20<meta name="resource-type" content="document"> 21<meta name="distribution" content="global"> 22<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> 23<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 24<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> 25<link href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" rel="index" title="AS Index"> 26<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> 27<link href="Symbol-Attributes.html#Symbol-Attributes" rel="up" title="Symbol Attributes"> 28<link href="Symbol-Type.html#Symbol-Type" rel="next" title="Symbol Type"> 29<link href="Symbol-Attributes.html#Symbol-Attributes" rel="previous" title="Symbol Attributes"> 30<style type="text/css"> 31<!-- 32a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} 33blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} 34div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} 35div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} 36div.indentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em} 37div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 38div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} 39div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} 40div.smallindentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em; font-size: smaller} 41div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 42kbd {font-style:oblique} 43pre.display {font-family: inherit} 44pre.format {font-family: inherit} 45pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} 46pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} 47pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 48pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} 49pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 50pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} 51span.nocodebreak {white-space:nowrap} 52span.nolinebreak {white-space:nowrap} 53span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal} 54span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal} 55ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} 56--> 57</style> 58 59 60</head> 61 62<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000"> 63<a name="Symbol-Value"></a> 64<div class="header"> 65<p> 66Next: <a href="Symbol-Type.html#Symbol-Type" accesskey="n" rel="next">Symbol Type</a>, Up: <a href="Symbol-Attributes.html#Symbol-Attributes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Symbol Attributes</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> 67</div> 68<hr> 69<a name="Value"></a> 70<h4 class="subsection">5.5.1 Value</h4> 71 72<a name="index-value-of-a-symbol"></a> 73<a name="index-symbol-value"></a> 74<p>The value of a symbol is (usually) 32 bits. For a symbol which labels a 75location in the text, data, bss or absolute sections the value is the 76number of addresses from the start of that section to the label. 77Naturally for text, data and bss sections the value of a symbol changes 78as <code>ld</code> changes section base addresses during linking. Absolute 79symbols’ values do not change during linking: that is why they are 80called absolute. 81</p> 82<p>The value of an undefined symbol is treated in a special way. If it is 830 then the symbol is not defined in this assembler source file, and 84<code>ld</code> tries to determine its value from other files linked into the 85same program. You make this kind of symbol simply by mentioning a symbol 86name without defining it. A non-zero value represents a <code>.comm</code> 87common declaration. The value is how much common storage to reserve, in 88bytes (addresses). The symbol refers to the first address of the 89allocated storage. 90</p> 91 92 93 94</body> 95</html> 96