xref: /rk3399_rockchip-uboot/README (revision 96ef831f713289afba19da0c8f905e99da2b23e0)
1#
2# (C) Copyright 2000 - 2008
3# Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
4#
5# See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
6# project.
7#
8# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
9# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
10# published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
11# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
12#
13# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	See the
16# GNU General Public License for more details.
17#
18# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
20# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
21# MA 02111-1307 USA
22#
23
24Summary:
25========
26
27This directory contains the source code for U-Boot, a boot loader for
28Embedded boards based on PowerPC, ARM, MIPS and several other
29processors, which can be installed in a boot ROM and used to
30initialize and test the hardware or to download and run application
31code.
32
33The development of U-Boot is closely related to Linux: some parts of
34the source code originate in the Linux source tree, we have some
35header files in common, and special provision has been made to
36support booting of Linux images.
37
38Some attention has been paid to make this software easily
39configurable and extendable. For instance, all monitor commands are
40implemented with the same call interface, so that it's very easy to
41add new commands. Also, instead of permanently adding rarely used
42code (for instance hardware test utilities) to the monitor, you can
43load and run it dynamically.
44
45
46Status:
47=======
48
49In general, all boards for which a configuration option exists in the
50Makefile have been tested to some extent and can be considered
51"working". In fact, many of them are used in production systems.
52
53In case of problems see the CHANGELOG and CREDITS files to find out
54who contributed the specific port. The MAINTAINERS file lists board
55maintainers.
56
57
58Where to get help:
59==================
60
61In case you have questions about, problems with or contributions for
62U-Boot you should send a message to the U-Boot mailing list at
63<u-boot-users@lists.sourceforge.net>. There is also an archive of
64previous traffic on the mailing list - please search the archive
65before asking FAQ's. Please see
66http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/u-boot-users/
67
68
69Where to get source code:
70=========================
71
72The U-Boot source code is maintained in the git repository at
73git://www.denx.de/git/u-boot.git ; you can browse it online at
74http://www.denx.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=u-boot.git;a=summary
75
76The "snapshot" links on this page allow you to download tarballs of
77any version you might be interested in. Ofifcial releases are also
78available for FTP download from the ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/
79directory.
80
81Pre-built (and tested) images are available from
82ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/images/
83
84
85Where we come from:
86===================
87
88- start from 8xxrom sources
89- create PPCBoot project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/ppcboot)
90- clean up code
91- make it easier to add custom boards
92- make it possible to add other [PowerPC] CPUs
93- extend functions, especially:
94  * Provide extended interface to Linux boot loader
95  * S-Record download
96  * network boot
97  * PCMCIA / CompactFLash / ATA disk / SCSI ... boot
98- create ARMBoot project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/armboot)
99- add other CPU families (starting with ARM)
100- create U-Boot project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/u-boot)
101- current project page: see http://www.denx.de/wiki/UBoot
102
103
104Names and Spelling:
105===================
106
107The "official" name of this project is "Das U-Boot". The spelling
108"U-Boot" shall be used in all written text (documentation, comments
109in source files etc.). Example:
110
111	This is the README file for the U-Boot project.
112
113File names etc. shall be based on the string "u-boot". Examples:
114
115	include/asm-ppc/u-boot.h
116
117	#include <asm/u-boot.h>
118
119Variable names, preprocessor constants etc. shall be either based on
120the string "u_boot" or on "U_BOOT". Example:
121
122	U_BOOT_VERSION		u_boot_logo
123	IH_OS_U_BOOT		u_boot_hush_start
124
125
126Versioning:
127===========
128
129U-Boot uses a 3 level version number containing a version, a
130sub-version, and a patchlevel: "U-Boot-2.34.5" means version "2",
131sub-version "34", and patchlevel "4".
132
133The patchlevel is used to indicate certain stages of development
134between released versions, i. e. officially released versions of
135U-Boot will always have a patchlevel of "0".
136
137
138Directory Hierarchy:
139====================
140
141- board		Board dependent files
142- common	Misc architecture independent functions
143- cpu		CPU specific files
144  - 74xx_7xx	Files specific to Freescale MPC74xx and 7xx CPUs
145  - arm720t	Files specific to ARM 720 CPUs
146  - arm920t	Files specific to ARM 920 CPUs
147    - at91rm9200 Files specific to Atmel AT91RM9200 CPU
148    - imx	Files specific to Freescale MC9328 i.MX CPUs
149    - s3c24x0	Files specific to Samsung S3C24X0 CPUs
150  - arm925t	Files specific to ARM 925 CPUs
151  - arm926ejs	Files specific to ARM 926 CPUs
152  - arm1136	Files specific to ARM 1136 CPUs
153  - at32ap	Files specific to Atmel AVR32 AP CPUs
154  - i386	Files specific to i386 CPUs
155  - ixp		Files specific to Intel XScale IXP CPUs
156  - mcf52x2	Files specific to Freescale ColdFire MCF52x2 CPUs
157  - mcf5227x	Files specific to Freescale ColdFire MCF5227x CPUs
158  - mcf532x	Files specific to Freescale ColdFire MCF5329 CPUs
159  - mcf5445x	Files specific to Freescale ColdFire MCF5445x CPUs
160  - mcf547x_8x	Files specific to Freescale ColdFire MCF547x_8x CPUs
161  - mips	Files specific to MIPS CPUs
162  - mpc5xx	Files specific to Freescale MPC5xx  CPUs
163  - mpc5xxx	Files specific to Freescale MPC5xxx CPUs
164  - mpc8xx	Files specific to Freescale MPC8xx  CPUs
165  - mpc8220	Files specific to Freescale MPC8220 CPUs
166  - mpc824x	Files specific to Freescale MPC824x CPUs
167  - mpc8260	Files specific to Freescale MPC8260 CPUs
168  - mpc85xx	Files specific to Freescale MPC85xx CPUs
169  - nios	Files specific to Altera NIOS CPUs
170  - nios2	Files specific to Altera Nios-II CPUs
171  - ppc4xx	Files specific to AMCC PowerPC 4xx CPUs
172  - pxa		Files specific to Intel XScale PXA CPUs
173  - s3c44b0	Files specific to Samsung S3C44B0 CPUs
174  - sa1100	Files specific to Intel StrongARM SA1100 CPUs
175- disk		Code for disk drive partition handling
176- doc		Documentation (don't expect too much)
177- drivers	Commonly used device drivers
178- dtt		Digital Thermometer and Thermostat drivers
179- examples	Example code for standalone applications, etc.
180- include	Header Files
181- lib_arm	Files generic to ARM	 architecture
182- lib_avr32	Files generic to AVR32	 architecture
183- lib_generic	Files generic to all	 architectures
184- lib_i386	Files generic to i386	 architecture
185- lib_m68k	Files generic to m68k	 architecture
186- lib_mips	Files generic to MIPS	 architecture
187- lib_nios	Files generic to NIOS	 architecture
188- lib_ppc	Files generic to PowerPC architecture
189- libfdt	Library files to support flattened device trees
190- net		Networking code
191- post		Power On Self Test
192- rtc		Real Time Clock drivers
193- tools		Tools to build S-Record or U-Boot images, etc.
194
195Software Configuration:
196=======================
197
198Configuration is usually done using C preprocessor defines; the
199rationale behind that is to avoid dead code whenever possible.
200
201There are two classes of configuration variables:
202
203* Configuration _OPTIONS_:
204  These are selectable by the user and have names beginning with
205  "CONFIG_".
206
207* Configuration _SETTINGS_:
208  These depend on the hardware etc. and should not be meddled with if
209  you don't know what you're doing; they have names beginning with
210  "CFG_".
211
212Later we will add a configuration tool - probably similar to or even
213identical to what's used for the Linux kernel. Right now, we have to
214do the configuration by hand, which means creating some symbolic
215links and editing some configuration files. We use the TQM8xxL boards
216as an example here.
217
218
219Selection of Processor Architecture and Board Type:
220---------------------------------------------------
221
222For all supported boards there are ready-to-use default
223configurations available; just type "make <board_name>_config".
224
225Example: For a TQM823L module type:
226
227	cd u-boot
228	make TQM823L_config
229
230For the Cogent platform, you need to specify the cpu type as well;
231e.g. "make cogent_mpc8xx_config". And also configure the cogent
232directory according to the instructions in cogent/README.
233
234
235Configuration Options:
236----------------------
237
238Configuration depends on the combination of board and CPU type; all
239such information is kept in a configuration file
240"include/configs/<board_name>.h".
241
242Example: For a TQM823L module, all configuration settings are in
243"include/configs/TQM823L.h".
244
245
246Many of the options are named exactly as the corresponding Linux
247kernel configuration options. The intention is to make it easier to
248build a config tool - later.
249
250
251The following options need to be configured:
252
253- CPU Type:	Define exactly one, e.g. CONFIG_MPC85XX.
254
255- Board Type:	Define exactly one, e.g. CONFIG_MPC8540ADS.
256
257- CPU Daughterboard Type: (if CONFIG_ATSTK1000 is defined)
258		Define exactly one, e.g. CONFIG_ATSTK1002
259
260- CPU Module Type: (if CONFIG_COGENT is defined)
261		Define exactly one of
262		CONFIG_CMA286_60_OLD
263--- FIXME --- not tested yet:
264		CONFIG_CMA286_60, CONFIG_CMA286_21, CONFIG_CMA286_60P,
265		CONFIG_CMA287_23, CONFIG_CMA287_50
266
267- Motherboard Type: (if CONFIG_COGENT is defined)
268		Define exactly one of
269		CONFIG_CMA101, CONFIG_CMA102
270
271- Motherboard I/O Modules: (if CONFIG_COGENT is defined)
272		Define one or more of
273		CONFIG_CMA302
274
275- Motherboard Options: (if CONFIG_CMA101 or CONFIG_CMA102 are defined)
276		Define one or more of
277		CONFIG_LCD_HEARTBEAT	- update a character position on
278					  the lcd display every second with
279					  a "rotator" |\-/|\-/
280
281- Board flavour: (if CONFIG_MPC8260ADS is defined)
282		CONFIG_ADSTYPE
283		Possible values are:
284			CFG_8260ADS	- original MPC8260ADS
285			CFG_8266ADS	- MPC8266ADS
286			CFG_PQ2FADS	- PQ2FADS-ZU or PQ2FADS-VR
287			CFG_8272ADS	- MPC8272ADS
288
289- MPC824X Family Member (if CONFIG_MPC824X is defined)
290		Define exactly one of
291		CONFIG_MPC8240, CONFIG_MPC8245
292
293- 8xx CPU Options: (if using an MPC8xx cpu)
294		CONFIG_8xx_GCLK_FREQ	- deprecated: CPU clock if
295					  get_gclk_freq() cannot work
296					  e.g. if there is no 32KHz
297					  reference PIT/RTC clock
298		CONFIG_8xx_OSCLK	- PLL input clock (either EXTCLK
299					  or XTAL/EXTAL)
300
301- 859/866/885 CPU options: (if using a MPC859 or MPC866 or MPC885 CPU):
302		CFG_8xx_CPUCLK_MIN
303		CFG_8xx_CPUCLK_MAX
304		CONFIG_8xx_CPUCLK_DEFAULT
305			See doc/README.MPC866
306
307		CFG_MEASURE_CPUCLK
308
309		Define this to measure the actual CPU clock instead
310		of relying on the correctness of the configured
311		values. Mostly useful for board bringup to make sure
312		the PLL is locked at the intended frequency. Note
313		that this requires a (stable) reference clock (32 kHz
314		RTC clock or CFG_8XX_XIN)
315
316- Intel Monahans options:
317		CFG_MONAHANS_RUN_MODE_OSC_RATIO
318
319		Defines the Monahans run mode to oscillator
320		ratio. Valid values are 8, 16, 24, 31. The core
321		frequency is this value multiplied by 13 MHz.
322
323		CFG_MONAHANS_TURBO_RUN_MODE_RATIO
324
325		Defines the Monahans turbo mode to oscillator
326		ratio. Valid values are 1 (default if undefined) and
327		2. The core frequency as calculated above is multiplied
328		by this value.
329
330- Linux Kernel Interface:
331		CONFIG_CLOCKS_IN_MHZ
332
333		U-Boot stores all clock information in Hz
334		internally. For binary compatibility with older Linux
335		kernels (which expect the clocks passed in the
336		bd_info data to be in MHz) the environment variable
337		"clocks_in_mhz" can be defined so that U-Boot
338		converts clock data to MHZ before passing it to the
339		Linux kernel.
340		When CONFIG_CLOCKS_IN_MHZ is defined, a definition of
341		"clocks_in_mhz=1" is automatically included in the
342		default environment.
343
344		CONFIG_MEMSIZE_IN_BYTES		[relevant for MIPS only]
345
346		When transfering memsize parameter to linux, some versions
347		expect it to be in bytes, others in MB.
348		Define CONFIG_MEMSIZE_IN_BYTES to make it in bytes.
349
350		CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT / CONFIG_OF_FLAT_TREE
351
352		New kernel versions are expecting firmware settings to be
353		passed using flattened device trees (based on open firmware
354		concepts).
355
356		CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT
357		 * New libfdt-based support
358		 * Adds the "fdt" command
359		 * The bootm command automatically updates the fdt
360
361		CONFIG_OF_FLAT_TREE
362		 * Deprecated, see CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT
363		 * Original ft_build.c-based support
364		 * Automatically modifies the dft as part of the bootm command
365		 * The environment variable "disable_of", when set,
366		     disables this functionality.
367
368		OF_CPU - The proper name of the cpus node.
369		OF_SOC - The proper name of the soc node.
370		OF_TBCLK - The timebase frequency.
371		OF_STDOUT_PATH - The path to the console device
372
373		boards with QUICC Engines require OF_QE to set UCC mac addresses
374
375		CONFIG_OF_BOARD_SETUP
376
377		Board code has addition modification that it wants to make
378		to the flat device tree before handing it off to the kernel
379
380		CONFIG_OF_BOOT_CPU
381
382		This define fills in the correct boot cpu in the boot
383		param header, the default value is zero if undefined.
384
385- Serial Ports:
386		CFG_PL010_SERIAL
387
388		Define this if you want support for Amba PrimeCell PL010 UARTs.
389
390		CFG_PL011_SERIAL
391
392		Define this if you want support for Amba PrimeCell PL011 UARTs.
393
394		CONFIG_PL011_CLOCK
395
396		If you have Amba PrimeCell PL011 UARTs, set this variable to
397		the clock speed of the UARTs.
398
399		CONFIG_PL01x_PORTS
400
401		If you have Amba PrimeCell PL010 or PL011 UARTs on your board,
402		define this to a list of base addresses for each (supported)
403		port. See e.g. include/configs/versatile.h
404
405
406- Console Interface:
407		Depending on board, define exactly one serial port
408		(like CONFIG_8xx_CONS_SMC1, CONFIG_8xx_CONS_SMC2,
409		CONFIG_8xx_CONS_SCC1, ...), or switch off the serial
410		console by defining CONFIG_8xx_CONS_NONE
411
412		Note: if CONFIG_8xx_CONS_NONE is defined, the serial
413		port routines must be defined elsewhere
414		(i.e. serial_init(), serial_getc(), ...)
415
416		CONFIG_CFB_CONSOLE
417		Enables console device for a color framebuffer. Needs following
418		defines (cf. smiLynxEM, i8042, board/eltec/bab7xx)
419			VIDEO_FB_LITTLE_ENDIAN	graphic memory organisation
420						(default big endian)
421			VIDEO_HW_RECTFILL	graphic chip supports
422						rectangle fill
423						(cf. smiLynxEM)
424			VIDEO_HW_BITBLT		graphic chip supports
425						bit-blit (cf. smiLynxEM)
426			VIDEO_VISIBLE_COLS	visible pixel columns
427						(cols=pitch)
428			VIDEO_VISIBLE_ROWS	visible pixel rows
429			VIDEO_PIXEL_SIZE	bytes per pixel
430			VIDEO_DATA_FORMAT	graphic data format
431						(0-5, cf. cfb_console.c)
432			VIDEO_FB_ADRS		framebuffer address
433			VIDEO_KBD_INIT_FCT	keyboard int fct
434						(i.e. i8042_kbd_init())
435			VIDEO_TSTC_FCT		test char fct
436						(i.e. i8042_tstc)
437			VIDEO_GETC_FCT		get char fct
438						(i.e. i8042_getc)
439			CONFIG_CONSOLE_CURSOR	cursor drawing on/off
440						(requires blink timer
441						cf. i8042.c)
442			CFG_CONSOLE_BLINK_COUNT blink interval (cf. i8042.c)
443			CONFIG_CONSOLE_TIME	display time/date info in
444						upper right corner
445						(requires CONFIG_CMD_DATE)
446			CONFIG_VIDEO_LOGO	display Linux logo in
447						upper left corner
448			CONFIG_VIDEO_BMP_LOGO	use bmp_logo.h instead of
449						linux_logo.h for logo.
450						Requires CONFIG_VIDEO_LOGO
451			CONFIG_CONSOLE_EXTRA_INFO
452						addional board info beside
453						the logo
454
455		When CONFIG_CFB_CONSOLE is defined, video console is
456		default i/o. Serial console can be forced with
457		environment 'console=serial'.
458
459		When CONFIG_SILENT_CONSOLE is defined, all console
460		messages (by U-Boot and Linux!) can be silenced with
461		the "silent" environment variable. See
462		doc/README.silent for more information.
463
464- Console Baudrate:
465		CONFIG_BAUDRATE - in bps
466		Select one of the baudrates listed in
467		CFG_BAUDRATE_TABLE, see below.
468		CFG_BRGCLK_PRESCALE, baudrate prescale
469
470- Interrupt driven serial port input:
471		CONFIG_SERIAL_SOFTWARE_FIFO
472
473		PPC405GP only.
474		Use an interrupt handler for receiving data on the
475		serial port. It also enables using hardware handshake
476		(RTS/CTS) and UART's built-in FIFO. Set the number of
477		bytes the interrupt driven input buffer should have.
478
479		Leave undefined to disable this feature, including
480		disable the buffer and hardware handshake.
481
482- Console UART Number:
483		CONFIG_UART1_CONSOLE
484
485		AMCC PPC4xx only.
486		If defined internal UART1 (and not UART0) is used
487		as default U-Boot console.
488
489- Boot Delay:	CONFIG_BOOTDELAY - in seconds
490		Delay before automatically booting the default image;
491		set to -1 to disable autoboot.
492
493		See doc/README.autoboot for these options that
494		work with CONFIG_BOOTDELAY. None are required.
495		CONFIG_BOOT_RETRY_TIME
496		CONFIG_BOOT_RETRY_MIN
497		CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_KEYED
498		CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_PROMPT
499		CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_DELAY_STR
500		CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_STOP_STR
501		CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_DELAY_STR2
502		CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_STOP_STR2
503		CONFIG_ZERO_BOOTDELAY_CHECK
504		CONFIG_RESET_TO_RETRY
505
506- Autoboot Command:
507		CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND
508		Only needed when CONFIG_BOOTDELAY is enabled;
509		define a command string that is automatically executed
510		when no character is read on the console interface
511		within "Boot Delay" after reset.
512
513		CONFIG_BOOTARGS
514		This can be used to pass arguments to the bootm
515		command. The value of CONFIG_BOOTARGS goes into the
516		environment value "bootargs".
517
518		CONFIG_RAMBOOT and CONFIG_NFSBOOT
519		The value of these goes into the environment as
520		"ramboot" and "nfsboot" respectively, and can be used
521		as a convenience, when switching between booting from
522		ram and nfs.
523
524- Pre-Boot Commands:
525		CONFIG_PREBOOT
526
527		When this option is #defined, the existence of the
528		environment variable "preboot" will be checked
529		immediately before starting the CONFIG_BOOTDELAY
530		countdown and/or running the auto-boot command resp.
531		entering interactive mode.
532
533		This feature is especially useful when "preboot" is
534		automatically generated or modified. For an example
535		see the LWMON board specific code: here "preboot" is
536		modified when the user holds down a certain
537		combination of keys on the (special) keyboard when
538		booting the systems
539
540- Serial Download Echo Mode:
541		CONFIG_LOADS_ECHO
542		If defined to 1, all characters received during a
543		serial download (using the "loads" command) are
544		echoed back. This might be needed by some terminal
545		emulations (like "cu"), but may as well just take
546		time on others. This setting #define's the initial
547		value of the "loads_echo" environment variable.
548
549- Kgdb Serial Baudrate: (if CONFIG_CMD_KGDB is defined)
550		CONFIG_KGDB_BAUDRATE
551		Select one of the baudrates listed in
552		CFG_BAUDRATE_TABLE, see below.
553
554- Monitor Functions:
555		Monitor commands can be included or excluded
556		from the build by using the #include files
557		"config_cmd_all.h" and #undef'ing unwanted
558		commands, or using "config_cmd_default.h"
559		and augmenting with additional #define's
560		for wanted commands.
561
562		The default command configuration includes all commands
563		except those marked below with a "*".
564
565		CONFIG_CMD_ASKENV	* ask for env variable
566		CONFIG_CMD_AUTOSCRIPT	  Autoscript Support
567		CONFIG_CMD_BDI		  bdinfo
568		CONFIG_CMD_BEDBUG	* Include BedBug Debugger
569		CONFIG_CMD_BMP		* BMP support
570		CONFIG_CMD_BSP		* Board specific commands
571		CONFIG_CMD_BOOTD	  bootd
572		CONFIG_CMD_CACHE	* icache, dcache
573		CONFIG_CMD_CONSOLE	  coninfo
574		CONFIG_CMD_DATE		* support for RTC, date/time...
575		CONFIG_CMD_DHCP		* DHCP support
576		CONFIG_CMD_DIAG		* Diagnostics
577		CONFIG_CMD_DOC		* Disk-On-Chip Support
578		CONFIG_CMD_DTT		* Digital Therm and Thermostat
579		CONFIG_CMD_ECHO		  echo arguments
580		CONFIG_CMD_EEPROM	* EEPROM read/write support
581		CONFIG_CMD_ELF		* bootelf, bootvx
582		CONFIG_CMD_ENV		  saveenv
583		CONFIG_CMD_FDC		* Floppy Disk Support
584		CONFIG_CMD_FAT		* FAT partition support
585		CONFIG_CMD_FDOS		* Dos diskette Support
586		CONFIG_CMD_FLASH	  flinfo, erase, protect
587		CONFIG_CMD_FPGA		  FPGA device initialization support
588		CONFIG_CMD_HWFLOW	* RTS/CTS hw flow control
589		CONFIG_CMD_I2C		* I2C serial bus support
590		CONFIG_CMD_IDE		* IDE harddisk support
591		CONFIG_CMD_IMI		  iminfo
592		CONFIG_CMD_IMLS		  List all found images
593		CONFIG_CMD_IMMAP	* IMMR dump support
594		CONFIG_CMD_IRQ		* irqinfo
595		CONFIG_CMD_ITEST	  Integer/string test of 2 values
596		CONFIG_CMD_JFFS2	* JFFS2 Support
597		CONFIG_CMD_KGDB		* kgdb
598		CONFIG_CMD_LOADB	  loadb
599		CONFIG_CMD_LOADS	  loads
600		CONFIG_CMD_MEMORY	  md, mm, nm, mw, cp, cmp, crc, base,
601					  loop, loopw, mtest
602		CONFIG_CMD_MISC		  Misc functions like sleep etc
603		CONFIG_CMD_MMC		* MMC memory mapped support
604		CONFIG_CMD_MII		* MII utility commands
605		CONFIG_CMD_NAND		* NAND support
606		CONFIG_CMD_NET		  bootp, tftpboot, rarpboot
607		CONFIG_CMD_PCI		* pciinfo
608		CONFIG_CMD_PCMCIA		* PCMCIA support
609		CONFIG_CMD_PING		* send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network
610					  host
611		CONFIG_CMD_PORTIO	* Port I/O
612		CONFIG_CMD_REGINFO	* Register dump
613		CONFIG_CMD_RUN		  run command in env variable
614		CONFIG_CMD_SAVES	* save S record dump
615		CONFIG_CMD_SCSI		* SCSI Support
616		CONFIG_CMD_SDRAM	* print SDRAM configuration information
617					  (requires CONFIG_CMD_I2C)
618		CONFIG_CMD_SETGETDCR	  Support for DCR Register access
619					  (4xx only)
620		CONFIG_CMD_SPI		* SPI serial bus support
621		CONFIG_CMD_USB		* USB support
622		CONFIG_CMD_VFD		* VFD support (TRAB)
623		CONFIG_CMD_BSP		* Board SPecific functions
624		CONFIG_CMD_CDP		* Cisco Discover Protocol support
625		CONFIG_CMD_FSL		* Microblaze FSL support
626
627
628		EXAMPLE: If you want all functions except of network
629		support you can write:
630
631		#include "config_cmd_all.h"
632		#undef CONFIG_CMD_NET
633
634	Other Commands:
635		fdt (flattened device tree) command: CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT
636
637	Note:	Don't enable the "icache" and "dcache" commands
638		(configuration option CONFIG_CMD_CACHE) unless you know
639		what you (and your U-Boot users) are doing. Data
640		cache cannot be enabled on systems like the 8xx or
641		8260 (where accesses to the IMMR region must be
642		uncached), and it cannot be disabled on all other
643		systems where we (mis-) use the data cache to hold an
644		initial stack and some data.
645
646
647		XXX - this list needs to get updated!
648
649- Watchdog:
650		CONFIG_WATCHDOG
651		If this variable is defined, it enables watchdog
652		support. There must be support in the platform specific
653		code for a watchdog. For the 8xx and 8260 CPUs, the
654		SIU Watchdog feature is enabled in the SYPCR
655		register.
656
657- U-Boot Version:
658		CONFIG_VERSION_VARIABLE
659		If this variable is defined, an environment variable
660		named "ver" is created by U-Boot showing the U-Boot
661		version as printed by the "version" command.
662		This variable is readonly.
663
664- Real-Time Clock:
665
666		When CONFIG_CMD_DATE is selected, the type of the RTC
667		has to be selected, too. Define exactly one of the
668		following options:
669
670		CONFIG_RTC_MPC8xx	- use internal RTC of MPC8xx
671		CONFIG_RTC_PCF8563	- use Philips PCF8563 RTC
672		CONFIG_RTC_MC146818	- use MC146818 RTC
673		CONFIG_RTC_DS1307	- use Maxim, Inc. DS1307 RTC
674		CONFIG_RTC_DS1337	- use Maxim, Inc. DS1337 RTC
675		CONFIG_RTC_DS1338	- use Maxim, Inc. DS1338 RTC
676		CONFIG_RTC_DS164x	- use Dallas DS164x RTC
677		CONFIG_RTC_ISL1208	- use Intersil ISL1208 RTC
678		CONFIG_RTC_MAX6900	- use Maxim, Inc. MAX6900 RTC
679		CFG_RTC_DS1337_NOOSC	- Turn off the OSC output for DS1337
680
681		Note that if the RTC uses I2C, then the I2C interface
682		must also be configured. See I2C Support, below.
683
684- Timestamp Support:
685
686		When CONFIG_TIMESTAMP is selected, the timestamp
687		(date and time) of an image is printed by image
688		commands like bootm or iminfo. This option is
689		automatically enabled when you select CONFIG_CMD_DATE .
690
691- Partition Support:
692		CONFIG_MAC_PARTITION and/or CONFIG_DOS_PARTITION
693		and/or CONFIG_ISO_PARTITION
694
695		If IDE or SCSI support is enabled (CONFIG_CMD_IDE or
696		CONFIG_CMD_SCSI) you must configure support for at
697		least one partition type as well.
698
699- IDE Reset method:
700		CONFIG_IDE_RESET_ROUTINE - this is defined in several
701		board configurations files but used nowhere!
702
703		CONFIG_IDE_RESET - is this is defined, IDE Reset will
704		be performed by calling the function
705			ide_set_reset(int reset)
706		which has to be defined in a board specific file
707
708- ATAPI Support:
709		CONFIG_ATAPI
710
711		Set this to enable ATAPI support.
712
713- LBA48 Support
714		CONFIG_LBA48
715
716		Set this to enable support for disks larger than 137GB
717		Also look at CFG_64BIT_LBA ,CFG_64BIT_VSPRINTF and CFG_64BIT_STRTOUL
718		Whithout these , LBA48 support uses 32bit variables and will 'only'
719		support disks up to 2.1TB.
720
721		CFG_64BIT_LBA:
722			When enabled, makes the IDE subsystem use 64bit sector addresses.
723			Default is 32bit.
724
725- SCSI Support:
726		At the moment only there is only support for the
727		SYM53C8XX SCSI controller; define
728		CONFIG_SCSI_SYM53C8XX to enable it.
729
730		CFG_SCSI_MAX_LUN [8], CFG_SCSI_MAX_SCSI_ID [7] and
731		CFG_SCSI_MAX_DEVICE [CFG_SCSI_MAX_SCSI_ID *
732		CFG_SCSI_MAX_LUN] can be adjusted to define the
733		maximum numbers of LUNs, SCSI ID's and target
734		devices.
735		CFG_SCSI_SYM53C8XX_CCF to fix clock timing (80Mhz)
736
737- NETWORK Support (PCI):
738		CONFIG_E1000
739		Support for Intel 8254x gigabit chips.
740
741		CONFIG_E1000_FALLBACK_MAC
742		default MAC for empty eeprom after production.
743
744		CONFIG_EEPRO100
745		Support for Intel 82557/82559/82559ER chips.
746		Optional CONFIG_EEPRO100_SROM_WRITE enables eeprom
747		write routine for first time initialisation.
748
749		CONFIG_TULIP
750		Support for Digital 2114x chips.
751		Optional CONFIG_TULIP_SELECT_MEDIA for board specific
752		modem chip initialisation (KS8761/QS6611).
753
754		CONFIG_NATSEMI
755		Support for National dp83815 chips.
756
757		CONFIG_NS8382X
758		Support for National dp8382[01] gigabit chips.
759
760- NETWORK Support (other):
761
762		CONFIG_DRIVER_LAN91C96
763		Support for SMSC's LAN91C96 chips.
764
765			CONFIG_LAN91C96_BASE
766			Define this to hold the physical address
767			of the LAN91C96's I/O space
768
769			CONFIG_LAN91C96_USE_32_BIT
770			Define this to enable 32 bit addressing
771
772		CONFIG_DRIVER_SMC91111
773		Support for SMSC's LAN91C111 chip
774
775			CONFIG_SMC91111_BASE
776			Define this to hold the physical address
777			of the device (I/O space)
778
779			CONFIG_SMC_USE_32_BIT
780			Define this if data bus is 32 bits
781
782			CONFIG_SMC_USE_IOFUNCS
783			Define this to use i/o functions instead of macros
784			(some hardware wont work with macros)
785
786- USB Support:
787		At the moment only the UHCI host controller is
788		supported (PIP405, MIP405, MPC5200); define
789		CONFIG_USB_UHCI to enable it.
790		define CONFIG_USB_KEYBOARD to enable the USB Keyboard
791		and define CONFIG_USB_STORAGE to enable the USB
792		storage devices.
793		Note:
794		Supported are USB Keyboards and USB Floppy drives
795		(TEAC FD-05PUB).
796		MPC5200 USB requires additional defines:
797			CONFIG_USB_CLOCK
798				for 528 MHz Clock: 0x0001bbbb
799			CONFIG_USB_CONFIG
800				for differential drivers: 0x00001000
801				for single ended drivers: 0x00005000
802			CFG_USB_EVENT_POLL
803				May be defined to allow interrupt polling
804				instead of using asynchronous interrupts
805
806- USB Device:
807		Define the below if you wish to use the USB console.
808		Once firmware is rebuilt from a serial console issue the
809		command "setenv stdin usbtty; setenv stdout usbtty" and
810		attach your usb cable. The Unix command "dmesg" should print
811		it has found a new device. The environment variable usbtty
812		can be set to gserial or cdc_acm to enable your device to
813		appear to a USB host as a Linux gserial device or a
814		Common Device Class Abstract Control Model serial device.
815		If you select usbtty = gserial you should be able to enumerate
816		a Linux host by
817		# modprobe usbserial vendor=0xVendorID product=0xProductID
818		else if using cdc_acm, simply setting the environment
819		variable usbtty to be cdc_acm should suffice. The following
820		might be defined in YourBoardName.h
821
822			CONFIG_USB_DEVICE
823			Define this to build a UDC device
824
825			CONFIG_USB_TTY
826			Define this to have a tty type of device available to
827			talk to the UDC device
828
829			CFG_CONSOLE_IS_IN_ENV
830			Define this if you want stdin, stdout &/or stderr to
831			be set to usbtty.
832
833			mpc8xx:
834				CFG_USB_EXTC_CLK 0xBLAH
835				Derive USB clock from external clock "blah"
836				- CFG_USB_EXTC_CLK 0x02
837
838				CFG_USB_BRG_CLK 0xBLAH
839				Derive USB clock from brgclk
840				- CFG_USB_BRG_CLK 0x04
841
842		If you have a USB-IF assigned VendorID then you may wish to
843		define your own vendor specific values either in BoardName.h
844		or directly in usbd_vendor_info.h. If you don't define
845		CONFIG_USBD_MANUFACTURER, CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCT_NAME,
846		CONFIG_USBD_VENDORID and CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCTID, then U-Boot
847		should pretend to be a Linux device to it's target host.
848
849			CONFIG_USBD_MANUFACTURER
850			Define this string as the name of your company for
851			- CONFIG_USBD_MANUFACTURER "my company"
852
853			CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCT_NAME
854			Define this string as the name of your product
855			- CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCT_NAME "acme usb device"
856
857			CONFIG_USBD_VENDORID
858			Define this as your assigned Vendor ID from the USB
859			Implementors Forum. This *must* be a genuine Vendor ID
860			to avoid polluting the USB namespace.
861			- CONFIG_USBD_VENDORID 0xFFFF
862
863			CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCTID
864			Define this as the unique Product ID
865			for your device
866			- CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCTID 0xFFFF
867
868
869- MMC Support:
870		The MMC controller on the Intel PXA is supported. To
871		enable this define CONFIG_MMC. The MMC can be
872		accessed from the boot prompt by mapping the device
873		to physical memory similar to flash. Command line is
874		enabled with CONFIG_CMD_MMC. The MMC driver also works with
875		the FAT fs. This is enabled with CONFIG_CMD_FAT.
876
877- Journaling Flash filesystem support:
878		CONFIG_JFFS2_NAND, CONFIG_JFFS2_NAND_OFF, CONFIG_JFFS2_NAND_SIZE,
879		CONFIG_JFFS2_NAND_DEV
880		Define these for a default partition on a NAND device
881
882		CFG_JFFS2_FIRST_SECTOR,
883		CFG_JFFS2_FIRST_BANK, CFG_JFFS2_NUM_BANKS
884		Define these for a default partition on a NOR device
885
886		CFG_JFFS_CUSTOM_PART
887		Define this to create an own partition. You have to provide a
888		function struct part_info* jffs2_part_info(int part_num)
889
890		If you define only one JFFS2 partition you may also want to
891		#define CFG_JFFS_SINGLE_PART	1
892		to disable the command chpart. This is the default when you
893		have not defined a custom partition
894
895- Keyboard Support:
896		CONFIG_ISA_KEYBOARD
897
898		Define this to enable standard (PC-Style) keyboard
899		support
900
901		CONFIG_I8042_KBD
902		Standard PC keyboard driver with US (is default) and
903		GERMAN key layout (switch via environment 'keymap=de') support.
904		Export function i8042_kbd_init, i8042_tstc and i8042_getc
905		for cfb_console. Supports cursor blinking.
906
907- Video support:
908		CONFIG_VIDEO
909
910		Define this to enable video support (for output to
911		video).
912
913		CONFIG_VIDEO_CT69000
914
915		Enable Chips & Technologies 69000 Video chip
916
917		CONFIG_VIDEO_SMI_LYNXEM
918		Enable Silicon Motion SMI 712/710/810 Video chip. The
919		video output is selected via environment 'videoout'
920		(1 = LCD and 2 = CRT). If videoout is undefined, CRT is
921		assumed.
922
923		For the CT69000 and SMI_LYNXEM drivers, videomode is
924		selected via environment 'videomode'. Two diferent ways
925		are possible:
926		- "videomode=num"   'num' is a standard LiLo mode numbers.
927		Following standard modes are supported	(* is default):
928
929		      Colors	640x480 800x600 1024x768 1152x864 1280x1024
930		-------------+---------------------------------------------
931		      8 bits |	0x301*	0x303	 0x305	  0x161	    0x307
932		     15 bits |	0x310	0x313	 0x316	  0x162	    0x319
933		     16 bits |	0x311	0x314	 0x317	  0x163	    0x31A
934		     24 bits |	0x312	0x315	 0x318	    ?	    0x31B
935		-------------+---------------------------------------------
936		(i.e. setenv videomode 317; saveenv; reset;)
937
938		- "videomode=bootargs" all the video parameters are parsed
939		from the bootargs. (See drivers/video/videomodes.c)
940
941
942		CONFIG_VIDEO_SED13806
943		Enable Epson SED13806 driver. This driver supports 8bpp
944		and 16bpp modes defined by CONFIG_VIDEO_SED13806_8BPP
945		or CONFIG_VIDEO_SED13806_16BPP
946
947- Keyboard Support:
948		CONFIG_KEYBOARD
949
950		Define this to enable a custom keyboard support.
951		This simply calls drv_keyboard_init() which must be
952		defined in your board-specific files.
953		The only board using this so far is RBC823.
954
955- LCD Support:	CONFIG_LCD
956
957		Define this to enable LCD support (for output to LCD
958		display); also select one of the supported displays
959		by defining one of these:
960
961		CONFIG_NEC_NL6448AC33:
962
963			NEC NL6448AC33-18. Active, color, single scan.
964
965		CONFIG_NEC_NL6448BC20
966
967			NEC NL6448BC20-08. 6.5", 640x480.
968			Active, color, single scan.
969
970		CONFIG_NEC_NL6448BC33_54
971
972			NEC NL6448BC33-54. 10.4", 640x480.
973			Active, color, single scan.
974
975		CONFIG_SHARP_16x9
976
977			Sharp 320x240. Active, color, single scan.
978			It isn't 16x9, and I am not sure what it is.
979
980		CONFIG_SHARP_LQ64D341
981
982			Sharp LQ64D341 display, 640x480.
983			Active, color, single scan.
984
985		CONFIG_HLD1045
986
987			HLD1045 display, 640x480.
988			Active, color, single scan.
989
990		CONFIG_OPTREX_BW
991
992			Optrex	 CBL50840-2 NF-FW 99 22 M5
993			or
994			Hitachi	 LMG6912RPFC-00T
995			or
996			Hitachi	 SP14Q002
997
998			320x240. Black & white.
999
1000		Normally display is black on white background; define
1001		CFG_WHITE_ON_BLACK to get it inverted.
1002
1003- Splash Screen Support: CONFIG_SPLASH_SCREEN
1004
1005		If this option is set, the environment is checked for
1006		a variable "splashimage". If found, the usual display
1007		of logo, copyright and system information on the LCD
1008		is suppressed and the BMP image at the address
1009		specified in "splashimage" is loaded instead. The
1010		console is redirected to the "nulldev", too. This
1011		allows for a "silent" boot where a splash screen is
1012		loaded very quickly after power-on.
1013
1014- Gzip compressed BMP image support: CONFIG_VIDEO_BMP_GZIP
1015
1016		If this option is set, additionally to standard BMP
1017		images, gzipped BMP images can be displayed via the
1018		splashscreen support or the bmp command.
1019
1020- Compression support:
1021		CONFIG_BZIP2
1022
1023		If this option is set, support for bzip2 compressed
1024		images is included. If not, only uncompressed and gzip
1025		compressed images are supported.
1026
1027		NOTE: the bzip2 algorithm requires a lot of RAM, so
1028		the malloc area (as defined by CFG_MALLOC_LEN) should
1029		be at least 4MB.
1030
1031- MII/PHY support:
1032		CONFIG_PHY_ADDR
1033
1034		The address of PHY on MII bus.
1035
1036		CONFIG_PHY_CLOCK_FREQ (ppc4xx)
1037
1038		The clock frequency of the MII bus
1039
1040		CONFIG_PHY_GIGE
1041
1042		If this option is set, support for speed/duplex
1043		detection of Gigabit PHY is included.
1044
1045		CONFIG_PHY_RESET_DELAY
1046
1047		Some PHY like Intel LXT971A need extra delay after
1048		reset before any MII register access is possible.
1049		For such PHY, set this option to the usec delay
1050		required. (minimum 300usec for LXT971A)
1051
1052		CONFIG_PHY_CMD_DELAY (ppc4xx)
1053
1054		Some PHY like Intel LXT971A need extra delay after
1055		command issued before MII status register can be read
1056
1057- Ethernet address:
1058		CONFIG_ETHADDR
1059		CONFIG_ETH2ADDR
1060		CONFIG_ETH3ADDR
1061
1062		Define a default value for ethernet address to use
1063		for the respective ethernet interface, in case this
1064		is not determined automatically.
1065
1066- IP address:
1067		CONFIG_IPADDR
1068
1069		Define a default value for the IP address to use for
1070		the default ethernet interface, in case this is not
1071		determined through e.g. bootp.
1072
1073- Server IP address:
1074		CONFIG_SERVERIP
1075
1076		Defines a default value for theIP address of a TFTP
1077		server to contact when using the "tftboot" command.
1078
1079- Multicast TFTP Mode:
1080		CONFIG_MCAST_TFTP
1081
1082		Defines whether you want to support multicast TFTP as per
1083		rfc-2090; for example to work with atftp.  Lets lots of targets
1084		tftp down the same boot image concurrently.  Note: the ethernet
1085		driver in use must provide a function: mcast() to join/leave a
1086		multicast group.
1087
1088		CONFIG_BOOTP_RANDOM_DELAY
1089- BOOTP Recovery Mode:
1090		CONFIG_BOOTP_RANDOM_DELAY
1091
1092		If you have many targets in a network that try to
1093		boot using BOOTP, you may want to avoid that all
1094		systems send out BOOTP requests at precisely the same
1095		moment (which would happen for instance at recovery
1096		from a power failure, when all systems will try to
1097		boot, thus flooding the BOOTP server. Defining
1098		CONFIG_BOOTP_RANDOM_DELAY causes a random delay to be
1099		inserted before sending out BOOTP requests. The
1100		following delays are inserted then:
1101
1102		1st BOOTP request:	delay 0 ... 1 sec
1103		2nd BOOTP request:	delay 0 ... 2 sec
1104		3rd BOOTP request:	delay 0 ... 4 sec
1105		4th and following
1106		BOOTP requests:		delay 0 ... 8 sec
1107
1108- DHCP Advanced Options:
1109		You can fine tune the DHCP functionality by defining
1110		CONFIG_BOOTP_* symbols:
1111
1112		CONFIG_BOOTP_SUBNETMASK
1113		CONFIG_BOOTP_GATEWAY
1114		CONFIG_BOOTP_HOSTNAME
1115		CONFIG_BOOTP_NISDOMAIN
1116		CONFIG_BOOTP_BOOTPATH
1117		CONFIG_BOOTP_BOOTFILESIZE
1118		CONFIG_BOOTP_DNS
1119		CONFIG_BOOTP_DNS2
1120		CONFIG_BOOTP_SEND_HOSTNAME
1121		CONFIG_BOOTP_NTPSERVER
1122		CONFIG_BOOTP_TIMEOFFSET
1123		CONFIG_BOOTP_VENDOREX
1124
1125		CONFIG_BOOTP_SERVERIP - TFTP server will be the serverip
1126		environment variable, not the BOOTP server.
1127
1128		CONFIG_BOOTP_DNS2 - If a DHCP client requests the DNS
1129		serverip from a DHCP server, it is possible that more
1130		than one DNS serverip is offered to the client.
1131		If CONFIG_BOOTP_DNS2 is enabled, the secondary DNS
1132		serverip will be stored in the additional environment
1133		variable "dnsip2". The first DNS serverip is always
1134		stored in the variable "dnsip", when CONFIG_BOOTP_DNS
1135		is defined.
1136
1137		CONFIG_BOOTP_SEND_HOSTNAME - Some DHCP servers are capable
1138		to do a dynamic update of a DNS server. To do this, they
1139		need the hostname of the DHCP requester.
1140		If CONFIG_BOOTP_SEND_HOSTNAME is defined, the content
1141		of the "hostname" environment variable is passed as
1142		option 12 to the DHCP server.
1143
1144		CONFIG_BOOTP_DHCP_REQUEST_DELAY
1145
1146		A 32bit value in microseconds for a delay between
1147		receiving a "DHCP Offer" and sending the "DHCP Request".
1148		This fixes a problem with certain DHCP servers that don't
1149		respond 100% of the time to a "DHCP request". E.g. On an
1150		AT91RM9200 processor running at 180MHz, this delay needed
1151		to be *at least* 15,000 usec before a Windows Server 2003
1152		DHCP server would reply 100% of the time. I recommend at
1153		least 50,000 usec to be safe. The alternative is to hope
1154		that one of the retries will be successful but note that
1155		the DHCP timeout and retry process takes a longer than
1156		this delay.
1157
1158 - CDP Options:
1159		CONFIG_CDP_DEVICE_ID
1160
1161		The device id used in CDP trigger frames.
1162
1163		CONFIG_CDP_DEVICE_ID_PREFIX
1164
1165		A two character string which is prefixed to the MAC address
1166		of the device.
1167
1168		CONFIG_CDP_PORT_ID
1169
1170		A printf format string which contains the ascii name of
1171		the port. Normally is set to "eth%d" which sets
1172		eth0 for the first ethernet, eth1 for the second etc.
1173
1174		CONFIG_CDP_CAPABILITIES
1175
1176		A 32bit integer which indicates the device capabilities;
1177		0x00000010 for a normal host which does not forwards.
1178
1179		CONFIG_CDP_VERSION
1180
1181		An ascii string containing the version of the software.
1182
1183		CONFIG_CDP_PLATFORM
1184
1185		An ascii string containing the name of the platform.
1186
1187		CONFIG_CDP_TRIGGER
1188
1189		A 32bit integer sent on the trigger.
1190
1191		CONFIG_CDP_POWER_CONSUMPTION
1192
1193		A 16bit integer containing the power consumption of the
1194		device in .1 of milliwatts.
1195
1196		CONFIG_CDP_APPLIANCE_VLAN_TYPE
1197
1198		A byte containing the id of the VLAN.
1199
1200- Status LED:	CONFIG_STATUS_LED
1201
1202		Several configurations allow to display the current
1203		status using a LED. For instance, the LED will blink
1204		fast while running U-Boot code, stop blinking as
1205		soon as a reply to a BOOTP request was received, and
1206		start blinking slow once the Linux kernel is running
1207		(supported by a status LED driver in the Linux
1208		kernel). Defining CONFIG_STATUS_LED enables this
1209		feature in U-Boot.
1210
1211- CAN Support:	CONFIG_CAN_DRIVER
1212
1213		Defining CONFIG_CAN_DRIVER enables CAN driver support
1214		on those systems that support this (optional)
1215		feature, like the TQM8xxL modules.
1216
1217- I2C Support:	CONFIG_HARD_I2C | CONFIG_SOFT_I2C
1218
1219		These enable I2C serial bus commands. Defining either of
1220		(but not both of) CONFIG_HARD_I2C or CONFIG_SOFT_I2C will
1221		include the appropriate I2C driver for the selected cpu.
1222
1223		This will allow you to use i2c commands at the u-boot
1224		command line (as long as you set CONFIG_CMD_I2C in
1225		CONFIG_COMMANDS) and communicate with i2c based realtime
1226		clock chips. See common/cmd_i2c.c for a description of the
1227		command line interface.
1228
1229		CONFIG_I2C_CMD_TREE is a recommended option that places
1230		all I2C commands under a single 'i2c' root command.  The
1231		older 'imm', 'imd', 'iprobe' etc. commands are considered
1232		deprecated and may disappear in the future.
1233
1234		CONFIG_HARD_I2C selects a hardware I2C controller.
1235
1236		CONFIG_SOFT_I2C configures u-boot to use a software (aka
1237		bit-banging) driver instead of CPM or similar hardware
1238		support for I2C.
1239
1240		There are several other quantities that must also be
1241		defined when you define CONFIG_HARD_I2C or CONFIG_SOFT_I2C.
1242
1243		In both cases you will need to define CFG_I2C_SPEED
1244		to be the frequency (in Hz) at which you wish your i2c bus
1245		to run and CFG_I2C_SLAVE to be the address of this node (ie
1246		the cpu's i2c node address).
1247
1248		Now, the u-boot i2c code for the mpc8xx (cpu/mpc8xx/i2c.c)
1249		sets the cpu up as a master node and so its address should
1250		therefore be cleared to 0 (See, eg, MPC823e User's Manual
1251		p.16-473). So, set CFG_I2C_SLAVE to 0.
1252
1253		That's all that's required for CONFIG_HARD_I2C.
1254
1255		If you use the software i2c interface (CONFIG_SOFT_I2C)
1256		then the following macros need to be defined (examples are
1257		from include/configs/lwmon.h):
1258
1259		I2C_INIT
1260
1261		(Optional). Any commands necessary to enable the I2C
1262		controller or configure ports.
1263
1264		eg: #define I2C_INIT (immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdir |=	PB_SCL)
1265
1266		I2C_PORT
1267
1268		(Only for MPC8260 CPU). The I/O port to use (the code
1269		assumes both bits are on the same port). Valid values
1270		are 0..3 for ports A..D.
1271
1272		I2C_ACTIVE
1273
1274		The code necessary to make the I2C data line active
1275		(driven).  If the data line is open collector, this
1276		define can be null.
1277
1278		eg: #define I2C_ACTIVE (immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdir |=  PB_SDA)
1279
1280		I2C_TRISTATE
1281
1282		The code necessary to make the I2C data line tri-stated
1283		(inactive).  If the data line is open collector, this
1284		define can be null.
1285
1286		eg: #define I2C_TRISTATE (immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdir &= ~PB_SDA)
1287
1288		I2C_READ
1289
1290		Code that returns TRUE if the I2C data line is high,
1291		FALSE if it is low.
1292
1293		eg: #define I2C_READ ((immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat & PB_SDA) != 0)
1294
1295		I2C_SDA(bit)
1296
1297		If <bit> is TRUE, sets the I2C data line high. If it
1298		is FALSE, it clears it (low).
1299
1300		eg: #define I2C_SDA(bit) \
1301			if(bit) immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat |=  PB_SDA; \
1302			else	immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat &= ~PB_SDA
1303
1304		I2C_SCL(bit)
1305
1306		If <bit> is TRUE, sets the I2C clock line high. If it
1307		is FALSE, it clears it (low).
1308
1309		eg: #define I2C_SCL(bit) \
1310			if(bit) immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat |=  PB_SCL; \
1311			else	immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat &= ~PB_SCL
1312
1313		I2C_DELAY
1314
1315		This delay is invoked four times per clock cycle so this
1316		controls the rate of data transfer.  The data rate thus
1317		is 1 / (I2C_DELAY * 4). Often defined to be something
1318		like:
1319
1320		#define I2C_DELAY  udelay(2)
1321
1322		CFG_I2C_INIT_BOARD
1323
1324		When a board is reset during an i2c bus transfer
1325		chips might think that the current transfer is still
1326		in progress. On some boards it is possible to access
1327		the i2c SCLK line directly, either by using the
1328		processor pin as a GPIO or by having a second pin
1329		connected to the bus. If this option is defined a
1330		custom i2c_init_board() routine in boards/xxx/board.c
1331		is run early in the boot sequence.
1332
1333		CONFIG_I2CFAST (PPC405GP|PPC405EP only)
1334
1335		This option enables configuration of bi_iic_fast[] flags
1336		in u-boot bd_info structure based on u-boot environment
1337		variable "i2cfast". (see also i2cfast)
1338
1339		CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS
1340
1341		This option allows the use of multiple I2C buses, each of which
1342		must have a controller.  At any point in time, only one bus is
1343		active.  To switch to a different bus, use the 'i2c dev' command.
1344		Note that bus numbering is zero-based.
1345
1346		CFG_I2C_NOPROBES
1347
1348		This option specifies a list of I2C devices that will be skipped
1349		when the 'i2c probe' command is issued (or 'iprobe' using the legacy
1350		command).  If CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS is set, specify a list of bus-device
1351		pairs.	Otherwise, specify a 1D array of device addresses
1352
1353		e.g.
1354			#undef	CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS
1355			#define CFG_I2C_NOPROBES	{0x50,0x68}
1356
1357		will skip addresses 0x50 and 0x68 on a board with one I2C bus
1358
1359			#define	CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS
1360			#define CFG_I2C_MULTI_NOPROBES	{{0,0x50},{0,0x68},{1,0x54}}
1361
1362		will skip addresses 0x50 and 0x68 on bus 0 and address 0x54 on bus 1
1363
1364		CFG_SPD_BUS_NUM
1365
1366		If defined, then this indicates the I2C bus number for DDR SPD.
1367		If not defined, then U-Boot assumes that SPD is on I2C bus 0.
1368
1369		CFG_RTC_BUS_NUM
1370
1371		If defined, then this indicates the I2C bus number for the RTC.
1372		If not defined, then U-Boot assumes that RTC is on I2C bus 0.
1373
1374		CFG_DTT_BUS_NUM
1375
1376		If defined, then this indicates the I2C bus number for the DTT.
1377		If not defined, then U-Boot assumes that DTT is on I2C bus 0.
1378
1379		CONFIG_FSL_I2C
1380
1381		Define this option if you want to use Freescale's I2C driver in
1382		drivers/i2c/fsl_i2c.c.
1383
1384
1385- SPI Support:	CONFIG_SPI
1386
1387		Enables SPI driver (so far only tested with
1388		SPI EEPROM, also an instance works with Crystal A/D and
1389		D/As on the SACSng board)
1390
1391		CONFIG_SPI_X
1392
1393		Enables extended (16-bit) SPI EEPROM addressing.
1394		(symmetrical to CONFIG_I2C_X)
1395
1396		CONFIG_SOFT_SPI
1397
1398		Enables a software (bit-bang) SPI driver rather than
1399		using hardware support. This is a general purpose
1400		driver that only requires three general I/O port pins
1401		(two outputs, one input) to function. If this is
1402		defined, the board configuration must define several
1403		SPI configuration items (port pins to use, etc). For
1404		an example, see include/configs/sacsng.h.
1405
1406		CONFIG_HARD_SPI
1407
1408		Enables a hardware SPI driver for general-purpose reads
1409		and writes.  As with CONFIG_SOFT_SPI, the board configuration
1410		must define a list of chip-select function pointers.
1411		Currently supported on some MPC8xxx processors.  For an
1412		example, see include/configs/mpc8349emds.h.
1413
1414- FPGA Support: CONFIG_FPGA
1415
1416		Enables FPGA subsystem.
1417
1418		CONFIG_FPGA_<vendor>
1419
1420		Enables support for specific chip vendors.
1421		(ALTERA, XILINX)
1422
1423		CONFIG_FPGA_<family>
1424
1425		Enables support for FPGA family.
1426		(SPARTAN2, SPARTAN3, VIRTEX2, CYCLONE2, ACEX1K, ACEX)
1427
1428		CONFIG_FPGA_COUNT
1429
1430		Specify the number of FPGA devices to support.
1431
1432		CFG_FPGA_PROG_FEEDBACK
1433
1434		Enable printing of hash marks during FPGA configuration.
1435
1436		CFG_FPGA_CHECK_BUSY
1437
1438		Enable checks on FPGA configuration interface busy
1439		status by the configuration function. This option
1440		will require a board or device specific function to
1441		be written.
1442
1443		CONFIG_FPGA_DELAY
1444
1445		If defined, a function that provides delays in the FPGA
1446		configuration driver.
1447
1448		CFG_FPGA_CHECK_CTRLC
1449		Allow Control-C to interrupt FPGA configuration
1450
1451		CFG_FPGA_CHECK_ERROR
1452
1453		Check for configuration errors during FPGA bitfile
1454		loading. For example, abort during Virtex II
1455		configuration if the INIT_B line goes low (which
1456		indicated a CRC error).
1457
1458		CFG_FPGA_WAIT_INIT
1459
1460		Maximum time to wait for the INIT_B line to deassert
1461		after PROB_B has been deasserted during a Virtex II
1462		FPGA configuration sequence. The default time is 500
1463		mS.
1464
1465		CFG_FPGA_WAIT_BUSY
1466
1467		Maximum time to wait for BUSY to deassert during
1468		Virtex II FPGA configuration. The default is 5 mS.
1469
1470		CFG_FPGA_WAIT_CONFIG
1471
1472		Time to wait after FPGA configuration. The default is
1473		200 mS.
1474
1475- Configuration Management:
1476		CONFIG_IDENT_STRING
1477
1478		If defined, this string will be added to the U-Boot
1479		version information (U_BOOT_VERSION)
1480
1481- Vendor Parameter Protection:
1482
1483		U-Boot considers the values of the environment
1484		variables "serial#" (Board Serial Number) and
1485		"ethaddr" (Ethernet Address) to be parameters that
1486		are set once by the board vendor / manufacturer, and
1487		protects these variables from casual modification by
1488		the user. Once set, these variables are read-only,
1489		and write or delete attempts are rejected. You can
1490		change this behviour:
1491
1492		If CONFIG_ENV_OVERWRITE is #defined in your config
1493		file, the write protection for vendor parameters is
1494		completely disabled. Anybody can change or delete
1495		these parameters.
1496
1497		Alternatively, if you #define _both_ CONFIG_ETHADDR
1498		_and_ CONFIG_OVERWRITE_ETHADDR_ONCE, a default
1499		ethernet address is installed in the environment,
1500		which can be changed exactly ONCE by the user. [The
1501		serial# is unaffected by this, i. e. it remains
1502		read-only.]
1503
1504- Protected RAM:
1505		CONFIG_PRAM
1506
1507		Define this variable to enable the reservation of
1508		"protected RAM", i. e. RAM which is not overwritten
1509		by U-Boot. Define CONFIG_PRAM to hold the number of
1510		kB you want to reserve for pRAM. You can overwrite
1511		this default value by defining an environment
1512		variable "pram" to the number of kB you want to
1513		reserve. Note that the board info structure will
1514		still show the full amount of RAM. If pRAM is
1515		reserved, a new environment variable "mem" will
1516		automatically be defined to hold the amount of
1517		remaining RAM in a form that can be passed as boot
1518		argument to Linux, for instance like that:
1519
1520			setenv bootargs ... mem=\${mem}
1521			saveenv
1522
1523		This way you can tell Linux not to use this memory,
1524		either, which results in a memory region that will
1525		not be affected by reboots.
1526
1527		*WARNING* If your board configuration uses automatic
1528		detection of the RAM size, you must make sure that
1529		this memory test is non-destructive. So far, the
1530		following board configurations are known to be
1531		"pRAM-clean":
1532
1533			ETX094, IVMS8, IVML24, SPD8xx, TQM8xxL,
1534			HERMES, IP860, RPXlite, LWMON, LANTEC,
1535			PCU_E, FLAGADM, TQM8260
1536
1537- Error Recovery:
1538		CONFIG_PANIC_HANG
1539
1540		Define this variable to stop the system in case of a
1541		fatal error, so that you have to reset it manually.
1542		This is probably NOT a good idea for an embedded
1543		system where you want to system to reboot
1544		automatically as fast as possible, but it may be
1545		useful during development since you can try to debug
1546		the conditions that lead to the situation.
1547
1548		CONFIG_NET_RETRY_COUNT
1549
1550		This variable defines the number of retries for
1551		network operations like ARP, RARP, TFTP, or BOOTP
1552		before giving up the operation. If not defined, a
1553		default value of 5 is used.
1554
1555- Command Interpreter:
1556		CONFIG_AUTO_COMPLETE
1557
1558		Enable auto completion of commands using TAB.
1559
1560		Note that this feature has NOT been implemented yet
1561		for the "hush" shell.
1562
1563
1564		CFG_HUSH_PARSER
1565
1566		Define this variable to enable the "hush" shell (from
1567		Busybox) as command line interpreter, thus enabling
1568		powerful command line syntax like
1569		if...then...else...fi conditionals or `&&' and '||'
1570		constructs ("shell scripts").
1571
1572		If undefined, you get the old, much simpler behaviour
1573		with a somewhat smaller memory footprint.
1574
1575
1576		CFG_PROMPT_HUSH_PS2
1577
1578		This defines the secondary prompt string, which is
1579		printed when the command interpreter needs more input
1580		to complete a command. Usually "> ".
1581
1582	Note:
1583
1584		In the current implementation, the local variables
1585		space and global environment variables space are
1586		separated. Local variables are those you define by
1587		simply typing `name=value'. To access a local
1588		variable later on, you have write `$name' or
1589		`${name}'; to execute the contents of a variable
1590		directly type `$name' at the command prompt.
1591
1592		Global environment variables are those you use
1593		setenv/printenv to work with. To run a command stored
1594		in such a variable, you need to use the run command,
1595		and you must not use the '$' sign to access them.
1596
1597		To store commands and special characters in a
1598		variable, please use double quotation marks
1599		surrounding the whole text of the variable, instead
1600		of the backslashes before semicolons and special
1601		symbols.
1602
1603- Commandline Editing and History:
1604		CONFIG_CMDLINE_EDITING
1605
1606		Enable editiong and History functions for interactive
1607		commandline input operations
1608
1609- Default Environment:
1610		CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS
1611
1612		Define this to contain any number of null terminated
1613		strings (variable = value pairs) that will be part of
1614		the default environment compiled into the boot image.
1615
1616		For example, place something like this in your
1617		board's config file:
1618
1619		#define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS \
1620			"myvar1=value1\0" \
1621			"myvar2=value2\0"
1622
1623		Warning: This method is based on knowledge about the
1624		internal format how the environment is stored by the
1625		U-Boot code. This is NOT an official, exported
1626		interface! Although it is unlikely that this format
1627		will change soon, there is no guarantee either.
1628		You better know what you are doing here.
1629
1630		Note: overly (ab)use of the default environment is
1631		discouraged. Make sure to check other ways to preset
1632		the environment like the autoscript function or the
1633		boot command first.
1634
1635- DataFlash Support:
1636		CONFIG_HAS_DATAFLASH
1637
1638		Defining this option enables DataFlash features and
1639		allows to read/write in Dataflash via the standard
1640		commands cp, md...
1641
1642- SystemACE Support:
1643		CONFIG_SYSTEMACE
1644
1645		Adding this option adds support for Xilinx SystemACE
1646		chips attached via some sort of local bus. The address
1647		of the chip must alsh be defined in the
1648		CFG_SYSTEMACE_BASE macro. For example:
1649
1650		#define CONFIG_SYSTEMACE
1651		#define CFG_SYSTEMACE_BASE 0xf0000000
1652
1653		When SystemACE support is added, the "ace" device type
1654		becomes available to the fat commands, i.e. fatls.
1655
1656- TFTP Fixed UDP Port:
1657		CONFIG_TFTP_PORT
1658
1659		If this is defined, the environment variable tftpsrcp
1660		is used to supply the TFTP UDP source port value.
1661		If tftpsrcp isn't defined, the normal pseudo-random port
1662		number generator is used.
1663
1664		Also, the environment variable tftpdstp is used to supply
1665		the TFTP UDP destination port value.  If tftpdstp isn't
1666		defined, the normal port 69 is used.
1667
1668		The purpose for tftpsrcp is to allow a TFTP server to
1669		blindly start the TFTP transfer using the pre-configured
1670		target IP address and UDP port. This has the effect of
1671		"punching through" the (Windows XP) firewall, allowing
1672		the remainder of the TFTP transfer to proceed normally.
1673		A better solution is to properly configure the firewall,
1674		but sometimes that is not allowed.
1675
1676- Show boot progress:
1677		CONFIG_SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS
1678
1679		Defining this option allows to add some board-
1680		specific code (calling a user-provided function
1681		"show_boot_progress(int)") that enables you to show
1682		the system's boot progress on some display (for
1683		example, some LED's) on your board. At the moment,
1684		the following checkpoints are implemented:
1685
1686Legacy uImage format:
1687
1688  Arg	Where			When
1689    1	common/cmd_bootm.c	before attempting to boot an image
1690   -1	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has bad	 magic number
1691    2	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has correct magic number
1692   -2	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has bad	 checksum
1693    3	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has correct checksum
1694   -3	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image data   has bad	 checksum
1695    4	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image data   has correct checksum
1696   -4	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image is for unsupported architecture
1697    5	common/cmd_bootm.c	Architecture check OK
1698   -5	common/cmd_bootm.c	Wrong Image Type (not kernel, multi)
1699    6	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image Type check OK
1700   -6	common/cmd_bootm.c	gunzip uncompression error
1701   -7	common/cmd_bootm.c	Unimplemented compression type
1702    7	common/cmd_bootm.c	Uncompression OK
1703    8	common/cmd_bootm.c	No uncompress/copy overwrite error
1704   -9	common/cmd_bootm.c	Unsupported OS (not Linux, BSD, VxWorks, QNX)
1705
1706    9	common/image.c		Start initial ramdisk verification
1707  -10	common/image.c		Ramdisk header has bad	   magic number
1708  -11	common/image.c		Ramdisk header has bad	   checksum
1709   10	common/image.c		Ramdisk header is OK
1710  -12	common/image.c		Ramdisk data   has bad	   checksum
1711   11	common/image.c		Ramdisk data   has correct checksum
1712   12	common/image.c		Ramdisk verification complete, start loading
1713  -13	common/image.c		Wrong Image Type (not PPC Linux Ramdisk)
1714   13	common/image.c		Start multifile image verification
1715   14	common/image.c		No initial ramdisk, no multifile, continue.
1716
1717   15	lib_<arch>/bootm.c	All preparation done, transferring control to OS
1718
1719  -30	lib_ppc/board.c		Fatal error, hang the system
1720  -31	post/post.c		POST test failed, detected by post_output_backlog()
1721  -32	post/post.c		POST test failed, detected by post_run_single()
1722
1723   34	common/cmd_doc.c	before loading a Image from a DOC device
1724  -35	common/cmd_doc.c	Bad usage of "doc" command
1725   35	common/cmd_doc.c	correct usage of "doc" command
1726  -36	common/cmd_doc.c	No boot device
1727   36	common/cmd_doc.c	correct boot device
1728  -37	common/cmd_doc.c	Unknown Chip ID on boot device
1729   37	common/cmd_doc.c	correct chip ID found, device available
1730  -38	common/cmd_doc.c	Read Error on boot device
1731   38	common/cmd_doc.c	reading Image header from DOC device OK
1732  -39	common/cmd_doc.c	Image header has bad magic number
1733   39	common/cmd_doc.c	Image header has correct magic number
1734  -40	common/cmd_doc.c	Error reading Image from DOC device
1735   40	common/cmd_doc.c	Image header has correct magic number
1736   41	common/cmd_ide.c	before loading a Image from a IDE device
1737  -42	common/cmd_ide.c	Bad usage of "ide" command
1738   42	common/cmd_ide.c	correct usage of "ide" command
1739  -43	common/cmd_ide.c	No boot device
1740   43	common/cmd_ide.c	boot device found
1741  -44	common/cmd_ide.c	Device not available
1742   44	common/cmd_ide.c	Device available
1743  -45	common/cmd_ide.c	wrong partition selected
1744   45	common/cmd_ide.c	partition selected
1745  -46	common/cmd_ide.c	Unknown partition table
1746   46	common/cmd_ide.c	valid partition table found
1747  -47	common/cmd_ide.c	Invalid partition type
1748   47	common/cmd_ide.c	correct partition type
1749  -48	common/cmd_ide.c	Error reading Image Header on boot device
1750   48	common/cmd_ide.c	reading Image Header from IDE device OK
1751  -49	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has bad magic number
1752   49	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has correct magic number
1753  -50	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has bad	 checksum
1754   50	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has correct checksum
1755  -51	common/cmd_ide.c	Error reading Image from IDE device
1756   51	common/cmd_ide.c	reading Image from IDE device OK
1757   52	common/cmd_nand.c	before loading a Image from a NAND device
1758  -53	common/cmd_nand.c	Bad usage of "nand" command
1759   53	common/cmd_nand.c	correct usage of "nand" command
1760  -54	common/cmd_nand.c	No boot device
1761   54	common/cmd_nand.c	boot device found
1762  -55	common/cmd_nand.c	Unknown Chip ID on boot device
1763   55	common/cmd_nand.c	correct chip ID found, device available
1764  -56	common/cmd_nand.c	Error reading Image Header on boot device
1765   56	common/cmd_nand.c	reading Image Header from NAND device OK
1766  -57	common/cmd_nand.c	Image header has bad magic number
1767   57	common/cmd_nand.c	Image header has correct magic number
1768  -58	common/cmd_nand.c	Error reading Image from NAND device
1769   58	common/cmd_nand.c	reading Image from NAND device OK
1770
1771  -60	common/env_common.c	Environment has a bad CRC, using default
1772
1773   64	net/eth.c		starting with Ethernetconfiguration.
1774  -64	net/eth.c		no Ethernet found.
1775   65	net/eth.c		Ethernet found.
1776
1777  -80	common/cmd_net.c	usage wrong
1778   80	common/cmd_net.c	before calling NetLoop()
1779  -81	common/cmd_net.c	some error in NetLoop() occured
1780   81	common/cmd_net.c	NetLoop() back without error
1781  -82	common/cmd_net.c	size == 0 (File with size 0 loaded)
1782   82	common/cmd_net.c	trying automatic boot
1783   83	common/cmd_net.c	running autoscript
1784  -83	common/cmd_net.c	some error in automatic boot or autoscript
1785   84	common/cmd_net.c	end without errors
1786
1787FIT uImage format:
1788
1789  Arg	Where			When
1790  100	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel FIT Image has correct format
1791 -100	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel FIT Image has incorrect format
1792  101	common/cmd_bootm.c	No Kernel subimage unit name, using configuration
1793 -101	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get configuration for kernel subimage
1794  102	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel unit name specified
1795 -103	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage node offset
1796  103	common/cmd_bootm.c	Found configuration node
1797  104	common/cmd_bootm.c	Got kernel subimage node offset
1798 -104	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage hash verification failed
1799  105	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage hash verification OK
1800 -105	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage is for unsupported architecture
1801  106	common/cmd_bootm.c	Architecture check OK
1802 -106	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage has wrong typea
1803  107	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimge type OK
1804 -107	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage data/size
1805  108	common/cmd_bootm.c	Got kernel subimage data/size
1806 -108	common/cmd_bootm.c	Wrong image type (not legacy, FIT)
1807 -109	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage type
1808 -110	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage comp
1809 -111	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage os
1810 -112	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage load address
1811 -113	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image uncompress/copy overwrite error
1812
1813  120	common/image.c		Start initial ramdisk verification
1814 -120	common/image.c		Ramdisk FIT image has incorrect format
1815  121	common/image.c		Ramdisk FIT image has correct format
1816  122	common/image.c		No Ramdisk subimage unit name, using configuration
1817 -122	common/image.c		Can't get configuration for ramdisk subimage
1818  123	common/image.c		Ramdisk unit name specified
1819 -124	common/image.c		Can't get ramdisk subimage node offset
1820  125	common/image.c		Got ramdisk subimage node offset
1821 -125	common/image.c		Ramdisk subimage hash verification failed
1822  126	common/image.c		Ramdisk subimage hash verification OK
1823 -126	common/image.c		Ramdisk subimage for unsupported architecture
1824  127	common/image.c		Architecture check OK
1825 -127	common/image.c		Can't get ramdisk subimage data/size
1826  128	common/image.c		Got ramdisk subimage data/size
1827  129	common/image.c		Can't get ramdisk load address
1828 -129	common/image.c		Got ramdisk load address
1829
1830 -130	common/cmd_doc.c	Icorrect FIT image format
1831  131	common/cmd_doc.c	FIT image format OK
1832
1833 -140	common/cmd_ide.c	Icorrect FIT image format
1834  141	common/cmd_ide.c	FIT image format OK
1835
1836 -150	common/cmd_nand.c	Icorrect FIT image format
1837  151	common/cmd_nand.c	FIT image format OK
1838
1839
1840Modem Support:
1841--------------
1842
1843[so far only for SMDK2400 and TRAB boards]
1844
1845- Modem support endable:
1846		CONFIG_MODEM_SUPPORT
1847
1848- RTS/CTS Flow control enable:
1849		CONFIG_HWFLOW
1850
1851- Modem debug support:
1852		CONFIG_MODEM_SUPPORT_DEBUG
1853
1854		Enables debugging stuff (char screen[1024], dbg())
1855		for modem support. Useful only with BDI2000.
1856
1857- Interrupt support (PPC):
1858
1859		There are common interrupt_init() and timer_interrupt()
1860		for all PPC archs. interrupt_init() calls interrupt_init_cpu()
1861		for cpu specific initialization. interrupt_init_cpu()
1862		should set decrementer_count to appropriate value. If
1863		cpu resets decrementer automatically after interrupt
1864		(ppc4xx) it should set decrementer_count to zero.
1865		timer_interrupt() calls timer_interrupt_cpu() for cpu
1866		specific handling. If board has watchdog / status_led
1867		/ other_activity_monitor it works automatically from
1868		general timer_interrupt().
1869
1870- General:
1871
1872		In the target system modem support is enabled when a
1873		specific key (key combination) is pressed during
1874		power-on. Otherwise U-Boot will boot normally
1875		(autoboot). The key_pressed() fuction is called from
1876		board_init(). Currently key_pressed() is a dummy
1877		function, returning 1 and thus enabling modem
1878		initialization.
1879
1880		If there are no modem init strings in the
1881		environment, U-Boot proceed to autoboot; the
1882		previous output (banner, info printfs) will be
1883		supressed, though.
1884
1885		See also: doc/README.Modem
1886
1887
1888Configuration Settings:
1889-----------------------
1890
1891- CFG_LONGHELP: Defined when you want long help messages included;
1892		undefine this when you're short of memory.
1893
1894- CFG_PROMPT:	This is what U-Boot prints on the console to
1895		prompt for user input.
1896
1897- CFG_CBSIZE:	Buffer size for input from the Console
1898
1899- CFG_PBSIZE:	Buffer size for Console output
1900
1901- CFG_MAXARGS:	max. Number of arguments accepted for monitor commands
1902
1903- CFG_BARGSIZE: Buffer size for Boot Arguments which are passed to
1904		the application (usually a Linux kernel) when it is
1905		booted
1906
1907- CFG_BAUDRATE_TABLE:
1908		List of legal baudrate settings for this board.
1909
1910- CFG_CONSOLE_INFO_QUIET
1911		Suppress display of console information at boot.
1912
1913- CFG_CONSOLE_IS_IN_ENV
1914		If the board specific function
1915			extern int overwrite_console (void);
1916		returns 1, the stdin, stderr and stdout are switched to the
1917		serial port, else the settings in the environment are used.
1918
1919- CFG_CONSOLE_OVERWRITE_ROUTINE
1920		Enable the call to overwrite_console().
1921
1922- CFG_CONSOLE_ENV_OVERWRITE
1923		Enable overwrite of previous console environment settings.
1924
1925- CFG_MEMTEST_START, CFG_MEMTEST_END:
1926		Begin and End addresses of the area used by the
1927		simple memory test.
1928
1929- CFG_ALT_MEMTEST:
1930		Enable an alternate, more extensive memory test.
1931
1932- CFG_MEMTEST_SCRATCH:
1933		Scratch address used by the alternate memory test
1934		You only need to set this if address zero isn't writeable
1935
1936- CFG_MEM_TOP_HIDE (PPC only):
1937		If CFG_MEM_TOP_HIDE is defined in the board config header,
1938		this specified memory area will get subtracted from the top
1939		(end) of ram and won't get "touched" at all by U-Boot. By
1940		fixing up gd->ram_size the Linux kernel should gets passed
1941		the now "corrected" memory size and won't touch it either.
1942		This should work for arch/ppc and arch/powerpc. Only Linux
1943		board ports in arch/powerpc with bootwrapper support that
1944		recalculate the memory size from the SDRAM controller setup
1945		will have to get fixed in Linux additionally.
1946
1947		This option can be used as a workaround for the 440EPx/GRx
1948		CHIP 11 errata where the last 256 bytes in SDRAM shouldn't
1949		be touched.
1950
1951		WARNING: Please make sure that this value is a multiple of
1952		the Linux page size (normally 4k). If this is not the case,
1953		then the end address of the Linux memory will be located at a
1954		non page size aligned address and this could cause major
1955		problems.
1956
1957- CFG_TFTP_LOADADDR:
1958		Default load address for network file downloads
1959
1960- CFG_LOADS_BAUD_CHANGE:
1961		Enable temporary baudrate change while serial download
1962
1963- CFG_SDRAM_BASE:
1964		Physical start address of SDRAM. _Must_ be 0 here.
1965
1966- CFG_MBIO_BASE:
1967		Physical start address of Motherboard I/O (if using a
1968		Cogent motherboard)
1969
1970- CFG_FLASH_BASE:
1971		Physical start address of Flash memory.
1972
1973- CFG_MONITOR_BASE:
1974		Physical start address of boot monitor code (set by
1975		make config files to be same as the text base address
1976		(TEXT_BASE) used when linking) - same as
1977		CFG_FLASH_BASE when booting from flash.
1978
1979- CFG_MONITOR_LEN:
1980		Size of memory reserved for monitor code, used to
1981		determine _at_compile_time_ (!) if the environment is
1982		embedded within the U-Boot image, or in a separate
1983		flash sector.
1984
1985- CFG_MALLOC_LEN:
1986		Size of DRAM reserved for malloc() use.
1987
1988- CFG_BOOTM_LEN:
1989		Normally compressed uImages are limited to an
1990		uncompressed size of 8 MBytes. If this is not enough,
1991		you can define CFG_BOOTM_LEN in your board config file
1992		to adjust this setting to your needs.
1993
1994- CFG_BOOTMAPSZ:
1995		Maximum size of memory mapped by the startup code of
1996		the Linux kernel; all data that must be processed by
1997		the Linux kernel (bd_info, boot arguments, eventually
1998		initrd image) must be put below this limit.
1999
2000- CFG_MAX_FLASH_BANKS:
2001		Max number of Flash memory banks
2002
2003- CFG_MAX_FLASH_SECT:
2004		Max number of sectors on a Flash chip
2005
2006- CFG_FLASH_ERASE_TOUT:
2007		Timeout for Flash erase operations (in ms)
2008
2009- CFG_FLASH_WRITE_TOUT:
2010		Timeout for Flash write operations (in ms)
2011
2012- CFG_FLASH_LOCK_TOUT
2013		Timeout for Flash set sector lock bit operation (in ms)
2014
2015- CFG_FLASH_UNLOCK_TOUT
2016		Timeout for Flash clear lock bits operation (in ms)
2017
2018- CFG_FLASH_PROTECTION
2019		If defined, hardware flash sectors protection is used
2020		instead of U-Boot software protection.
2021
2022- CFG_DIRECT_FLASH_TFTP:
2023
2024		Enable TFTP transfers directly to flash memory;
2025		without this option such a download has to be
2026		performed in two steps: (1) download to RAM, and (2)
2027		copy from RAM to flash.
2028
2029		The two-step approach is usually more reliable, since
2030		you can check if the download worked before you erase
2031		the flash, but in some situations (when sytem RAM is
2032		too limited to allow for a tempory copy of the
2033		downloaded image) this option may be very useful.
2034
2035- CFG_FLASH_CFI:
2036		Define if the flash driver uses extra elements in the
2037		common flash structure for storing flash geometry.
2038
2039- CFG_FLASH_CFI_DRIVER
2040		This option also enables the building of the cfi_flash driver
2041		in the drivers directory
2042
2043- CFG_FLASH_USE_BUFFER_WRITE
2044		Use buffered writes to flash.
2045
2046- CONFIG_FLASH_SPANSION_S29WS_N
2047		s29ws-n MirrorBit flash has non-standard addresses for buffered
2048		write commands.
2049
2050- CFG_FLASH_QUIET_TEST
2051		If this option is defined, the common CFI flash doesn't
2052		print it's warning upon not recognized FLASH banks. This
2053		is useful, if some of the configured banks are only
2054		optionally available.
2055
2056- CONFIG_FLASH_SHOW_PROGRESS
2057		If defined (must be an integer), print out countdown
2058		digits and dots.  Recommended value: 45 (9..1) for 80
2059		column displays, 15 (3..1) for 40 column displays.
2060
2061- CFG_RX_ETH_BUFFER:
2062		Defines the number of ethernet receive buffers. On some
2063		ethernet controllers it is recommended to set this value
2064		to 8 or even higher (EEPRO100 or 405 EMAC), since all
2065		buffers can be full shortly after enabling the interface
2066		on high ethernet traffic.
2067		Defaults to 4 if not defined.
2068
2069The following definitions that deal with the placement and management
2070of environment data (variable area); in general, we support the
2071following configurations:
2072
2073- CFG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH:
2074
2075	Define this if the environment is in flash memory.
2076
2077	a) The environment occupies one whole flash sector, which is
2078	   "embedded" in the text segment with the U-Boot code. This
2079	   happens usually with "bottom boot sector" or "top boot
2080	   sector" type flash chips, which have several smaller
2081	   sectors at the start or the end. For instance, such a
2082	   layout can have sector sizes of 8, 2x4, 16, Nx32 kB. In
2083	   such a case you would place the environment in one of the
2084	   4 kB sectors - with U-Boot code before and after it. With
2085	   "top boot sector" type flash chips, you would put the
2086	   environment in one of the last sectors, leaving a gap
2087	   between U-Boot and the environment.
2088
2089	- CFG_ENV_OFFSET:
2090
2091	   Offset of environment data (variable area) to the
2092	   beginning of flash memory; for instance, with bottom boot
2093	   type flash chips the second sector can be used: the offset
2094	   for this sector is given here.
2095
2096	   CFG_ENV_OFFSET is used relative to CFG_FLASH_BASE.
2097
2098	- CFG_ENV_ADDR:
2099
2100	   This is just another way to specify the start address of
2101	   the flash sector containing the environment (instead of
2102	   CFG_ENV_OFFSET).
2103
2104	- CFG_ENV_SECT_SIZE:
2105
2106	   Size of the sector containing the environment.
2107
2108
2109	b) Sometimes flash chips have few, equal sized, BIG sectors.
2110	   In such a case you don't want to spend a whole sector for
2111	   the environment.
2112
2113	- CFG_ENV_SIZE:
2114
2115	   If you use this in combination with CFG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH
2116	   and CFG_ENV_SECT_SIZE, you can specify to use only a part
2117	   of this flash sector for the environment. This saves
2118	   memory for the RAM copy of the environment.
2119
2120	   It may also save flash memory if you decide to use this
2121	   when your environment is "embedded" within U-Boot code,
2122	   since then the remainder of the flash sector could be used
2123	   for U-Boot code. It should be pointed out that this is
2124	   STRONGLY DISCOURAGED from a robustness point of view:
2125	   updating the environment in flash makes it always
2126	   necessary to erase the WHOLE sector. If something goes
2127	   wrong before the contents has been restored from a copy in
2128	   RAM, your target system will be dead.
2129
2130	- CFG_ENV_ADDR_REDUND
2131	  CFG_ENV_SIZE_REDUND
2132
2133	   These settings describe a second storage area used to hold
2134	   a redundand copy of the environment data, so that there is
2135	   a valid backup copy in case there is a power failure during
2136	   a "saveenv" operation.
2137
2138BE CAREFUL! Any changes to the flash layout, and some changes to the
2139source code will make it necessary to adapt <board>/u-boot.lds*
2140accordingly!
2141
2142
2143- CFG_ENV_IS_IN_NVRAM:
2144
2145	Define this if you have some non-volatile memory device
2146	(NVRAM, battery buffered SRAM) which you want to use for the
2147	environment.
2148
2149	- CFG_ENV_ADDR:
2150	- CFG_ENV_SIZE:
2151
2152	  These two #defines are used to determin the memory area you
2153	  want to use for environment. It is assumed that this memory
2154	  can just be read and written to, without any special
2155	  provision.
2156
2157BE CAREFUL! The first access to the environment happens quite early
2158in U-Boot initalization (when we try to get the setting of for the
2159console baudrate). You *MUST* have mappend your NVRAM area then, or
2160U-Boot will hang.
2161
2162Please note that even with NVRAM we still use a copy of the
2163environment in RAM: we could work on NVRAM directly, but we want to
2164keep settings there always unmodified except somebody uses "saveenv"
2165to save the current settings.
2166
2167
2168- CFG_ENV_IS_IN_EEPROM:
2169
2170	Use this if you have an EEPROM or similar serial access
2171	device and a driver for it.
2172
2173	- CFG_ENV_OFFSET:
2174	- CFG_ENV_SIZE:
2175
2176	  These two #defines specify the offset and size of the
2177	  environment area within the total memory of your EEPROM.
2178
2179	- CFG_I2C_EEPROM_ADDR:
2180	  If defined, specified the chip address of the EEPROM device.
2181	  The default address is zero.
2182
2183	- CFG_EEPROM_PAGE_WRITE_BITS:
2184	  If defined, the number of bits used to address bytes in a
2185	  single page in the EEPROM device.  A 64 byte page, for example
2186	  would require six bits.
2187
2188	- CFG_EEPROM_PAGE_WRITE_DELAY_MS:
2189	  If defined, the number of milliseconds to delay between
2190	  page writes.	The default is zero milliseconds.
2191
2192	- CFG_I2C_EEPROM_ADDR_LEN:
2193	  The length in bytes of the EEPROM memory array address.  Note
2194	  that this is NOT the chip address length!
2195
2196	- CFG_I2C_EEPROM_ADDR_OVERFLOW:
2197	  EEPROM chips that implement "address overflow" are ones
2198	  like Catalyst 24WC04/08/16 which has 9/10/11 bits of
2199	  address and the extra bits end up in the "chip address" bit
2200	  slots. This makes a 24WC08 (1Kbyte) chip look like four 256
2201	  byte chips.
2202
2203	  Note that we consider the length of the address field to
2204	  still be one byte because the extra address bits are hidden
2205	  in the chip address.
2206
2207	- CFG_EEPROM_SIZE:
2208	  The size in bytes of the EEPROM device.
2209
2210
2211- CFG_ENV_IS_IN_DATAFLASH:
2212
2213	Define this if you have a DataFlash memory device which you
2214	want to use for the environment.
2215
2216	- CFG_ENV_OFFSET:
2217	- CFG_ENV_ADDR:
2218	- CFG_ENV_SIZE:
2219
2220	  These three #defines specify the offset and size of the
2221	  environment area within the total memory of your DataFlash placed
2222	  at the specified address.
2223
2224- CFG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND:
2225
2226	Define this if you have a NAND device which you want to use
2227	for the environment.
2228
2229	- CFG_ENV_OFFSET:
2230	- CFG_ENV_SIZE:
2231
2232	  These two #defines specify the offset and size of the environment
2233	  area within the first NAND device.
2234
2235	- CFG_ENV_OFFSET_REDUND
2236
2237	  This setting describes a second storage area of CFG_ENV_SIZE
2238	  size used to hold a redundant copy of the environment data,
2239	  so that there is a valid backup copy in case there is a
2240	  power failure during a "saveenv" operation.
2241
2242	Note: CFG_ENV_OFFSET and CFG_ENV_OFFSET_REDUND must be aligned
2243	to a block boundary, and CFG_ENV_SIZE must be a multiple of
2244	the NAND devices block size.
2245
2246- CFG_SPI_INIT_OFFSET
2247
2248	Defines offset to the initial SPI buffer area in DPRAM. The
2249	area is used at an early stage (ROM part) if the environment
2250	is configured to reside in the SPI EEPROM: We need a 520 byte
2251	scratch DPRAM area. It is used between the two initialization
2252	calls (spi_init_f() and spi_init_r()). A value of 0xB00 seems
2253	to be a good choice since it makes it far enough from the
2254	start of the data area as well as from the stack pointer.
2255
2256Please note that the environment is read-only until the monitor
2257has been relocated to RAM and a RAM copy of the environment has been
2258created; also, when using EEPROM you will have to use getenv_r()
2259until then to read environment variables.
2260
2261The environment is protected by a CRC32 checksum. Before the monitor
2262is relocated into RAM, as a result of a bad CRC you will be working
2263with the compiled-in default environment - *silently*!!! [This is
2264necessary, because the first environment variable we need is the
2265"baudrate" setting for the console - if we have a bad CRC, we don't
2266have any device yet where we could complain.]
2267
2268Note: once the monitor has been relocated, then it will complain if
2269the default environment is used; a new CRC is computed as soon as you
2270use the "saveenv" command to store a valid environment.
2271
2272- CFG_FAULT_ECHO_LINK_DOWN:
2273		Echo the inverted Ethernet link state to the fault LED.
2274
2275		Note: If this option is active, then CFG_FAULT_MII_ADDR
2276		      also needs to be defined.
2277
2278- CFG_FAULT_MII_ADDR:
2279		MII address of the PHY to check for the Ethernet link state.
2280
2281- CFG_64BIT_VSPRINTF:
2282		Makes vsprintf (and all *printf functions) support printing
2283		of 64bit values by using the L quantifier
2284
2285- CFG_64BIT_STRTOUL:
2286		Adds simple_strtoull that returns a 64bit value
2287
2288Low Level (hardware related) configuration options:
2289---------------------------------------------------
2290
2291- CFG_CACHELINE_SIZE:
2292		Cache Line Size of the CPU.
2293
2294- CFG_DEFAULT_IMMR:
2295		Default address of the IMMR after system reset.
2296
2297		Needed on some 8260 systems (MPC8260ADS, PQ2FADS-ZU,
2298		and RPXsuper) to be able to adjust the position of
2299		the IMMR register after a reset.
2300
2301- Floppy Disk Support:
2302		CFG_FDC_DRIVE_NUMBER
2303
2304		the default drive number (default value 0)
2305
2306		CFG_ISA_IO_STRIDE
2307
2308		defines the spacing between fdc chipset registers
2309		(default value 1)
2310
2311		CFG_ISA_IO_OFFSET
2312
2313		defines the offset of register from address. It
2314		depends on which part of the data bus is connected to
2315		the fdc chipset. (default value 0)
2316
2317		If CFG_ISA_IO_STRIDE CFG_ISA_IO_OFFSET and
2318		CFG_FDC_DRIVE_NUMBER are undefined, they take their
2319		default value.
2320
2321		if CFG_FDC_HW_INIT is defined, then the function
2322		fdc_hw_init() is called at the beginning of the FDC
2323		setup. fdc_hw_init() must be provided by the board
2324		source code. It is used to make hardware dependant
2325		initializations.
2326
2327- CFG_IMMR:	Physical address of the Internal Memory.
2328		DO NOT CHANGE unless you know exactly what you're
2329		doing! (11-4) [MPC8xx/82xx systems only]
2330
2331- CFG_INIT_RAM_ADDR:
2332
2333		Start address of memory area that can be used for
2334		initial data and stack; please note that this must be
2335		writable memory that is working WITHOUT special
2336		initialization, i. e. you CANNOT use normal RAM which
2337		will become available only after programming the
2338		memory controller and running certain initialization
2339		sequences.
2340
2341		U-Boot uses the following memory types:
2342		- MPC8xx and MPC8260: IMMR (internal memory of the CPU)
2343		- MPC824X: data cache
2344		- PPC4xx:  data cache
2345
2346- CFG_GBL_DATA_OFFSET:
2347
2348		Offset of the initial data structure in the memory
2349		area defined by CFG_INIT_RAM_ADDR. Usually
2350		CFG_GBL_DATA_OFFSET is chosen such that the initial
2351		data is located at the end of the available space
2352		(sometimes written as (CFG_INIT_RAM_END -
2353		CFG_INIT_DATA_SIZE), and the initial stack is just
2354		below that area (growing from (CFG_INIT_RAM_ADDR +
2355		CFG_GBL_DATA_OFFSET) downward.
2356
2357	Note:
2358		On the MPC824X (or other systems that use the data
2359		cache for initial memory) the address chosen for
2360		CFG_INIT_RAM_ADDR is basically arbitrary - it must
2361		point to an otherwise UNUSED address space between
2362		the top of RAM and the start of the PCI space.
2363
2364- CFG_SIUMCR:	SIU Module Configuration (11-6)
2365
2366- CFG_SYPCR:	System Protection Control (11-9)
2367
2368- CFG_TBSCR:	Time Base Status and Control (11-26)
2369
2370- CFG_PISCR:	Periodic Interrupt Status and Control (11-31)
2371
2372- CFG_PLPRCR:	PLL, Low-Power, and Reset Control Register (15-30)
2373
2374- CFG_SCCR:	System Clock and reset Control Register (15-27)
2375
2376- CFG_OR_TIMING_SDRAM:
2377		SDRAM timing
2378
2379- CFG_MAMR_PTA:
2380		periodic timer for refresh
2381
2382- CFG_DER:	Debug Event Register (37-47)
2383
2384- FLASH_BASE0_PRELIM, FLASH_BASE1_PRELIM, CFG_REMAP_OR_AM,
2385  CFG_PRELIM_OR_AM, CFG_OR_TIMING_FLASH, CFG_OR0_REMAP,
2386  CFG_OR0_PRELIM, CFG_BR0_PRELIM, CFG_OR1_REMAP, CFG_OR1_PRELIM,
2387  CFG_BR1_PRELIM:
2388		Memory Controller Definitions: BR0/1 and OR0/1 (FLASH)
2389
2390- SDRAM_BASE2_PRELIM, SDRAM_BASE3_PRELIM, SDRAM_MAX_SIZE,
2391  CFG_OR_TIMING_SDRAM, CFG_OR2_PRELIM, CFG_BR2_PRELIM,
2392  CFG_OR3_PRELIM, CFG_BR3_PRELIM:
2393		Memory Controller Definitions: BR2/3 and OR2/3 (SDRAM)
2394
2395- CFG_MAMR_PTA, CFG_MPTPR_2BK_4K, CFG_MPTPR_1BK_4K, CFG_MPTPR_2BK_8K,
2396  CFG_MPTPR_1BK_8K, CFG_MAMR_8COL, CFG_MAMR_9COL:
2397		Machine Mode Register and Memory Periodic Timer
2398		Prescaler definitions (SDRAM timing)
2399
2400- CFG_I2C_UCODE_PATCH, CFG_I2C_DPMEM_OFFSET [0x1FC0]:
2401		enable I2C microcode relocation patch (MPC8xx);
2402		define relocation offset in DPRAM [DSP2]
2403
2404- CFG_SMC_UCODE_PATCH, CFG_SMC_DPMEM_OFFSET [0x1FC0]:
2405		enable SMC microcode relocation patch (MPC8xx);
2406		define relocation offset in DPRAM [SMC1]
2407
2408- CFG_SPI_UCODE_PATCH, CFG_SPI_DPMEM_OFFSET [0x1FC0]:
2409		enable SPI microcode relocation patch (MPC8xx);
2410		define relocation offset in DPRAM [SCC4]
2411
2412- CFG_USE_OSCCLK:
2413		Use OSCM clock mode on MBX8xx board. Be careful,
2414		wrong setting might damage your board. Read
2415		doc/README.MBX before setting this variable!
2416
2417- CFG_CPM_POST_WORD_ADDR: (MPC8xx, MPC8260 only)
2418		Offset of the bootmode word in DPRAM used by post
2419		(Power On Self Tests). This definition overrides
2420		#define'd default value in commproc.h resp.
2421		cpm_8260.h.
2422
2423- CFG_PCI_SLV_MEM_LOCAL, CFG_PCI_SLV_MEM_BUS, CFG_PICMR0_MASK_ATTRIB,
2424  CFG_PCI_MSTR0_LOCAL, CFG_PCIMSK0_MASK, CFG_PCI_MSTR1_LOCAL,
2425  CFG_PCIMSK1_MASK, CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEM_LOCAL, CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEM_BUS,
2426  CFG_CPU_PCI_MEM_START, CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEM_SIZE, CFG_POCMR0_MASK_ATTRIB,
2427  CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEMIO_LOCAL, CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEMIO_BUS, CPU_PCI_MEMIO_START,
2428  CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEMIO_SIZE, CFG_POCMR1_MASK_ATTRIB, CFG_PCI_MSTR_IO_LOCAL,
2429  CFG_PCI_MSTR_IO_BUS, CFG_CPU_PCI_IO_START, CFG_PCI_MSTR_IO_SIZE,
2430  CFG_POCMR2_MASK_ATTRIB: (MPC826x only)
2431		Overrides the default PCI memory map in cpu/mpc8260/pci.c if set.
2432
2433- CONFIG_SPD_EEPROM
2434		Get DDR timing information from an I2C EEPROM. Common
2435		with pluggable memory modules such as SODIMMs
2436
2437  SPD_EEPROM_ADDRESS
2438		I2C address of the SPD EEPROM
2439
2440- CFG_SPD_BUS_NUM
2441		If SPD EEPROM is on an I2C bus other than the first
2442		one, specify here. Note that the value must resolve
2443		to something your driver can deal with.
2444
2445- CFG_83XX_DDR_USES_CS0
2446		Only for 83xx systems. If specified, then DDR should
2447		be configured using CS0 and CS1 instead of CS2 and CS3.
2448
2449- CFG_83XX_DDR_USES_CS0
2450		Only for 83xx systems. If specified, then DDR should
2451		be configured using CS0 and CS1 instead of CS2 and CS3.
2452
2453- CONFIG_ETHER_ON_FEC[12]
2454		Define to enable FEC[12] on a 8xx series processor.
2455
2456- CONFIG_FEC[12]_PHY
2457		Define to the hardcoded PHY address which corresponds
2458		to the given FEC; i. e.
2459			#define CONFIG_FEC1_PHY 4
2460		means that the PHY with address 4 is connected to FEC1
2461
2462		When set to -1, means to probe for first available.
2463
2464- CONFIG_FEC[12]_PHY_NORXERR
2465		The PHY does not have a RXERR line (RMII only).
2466		(so program the FEC to ignore it).
2467
2468- CONFIG_RMII
2469		Enable RMII mode for all FECs.
2470		Note that this is a global option, we can't
2471		have one FEC in standard MII mode and another in RMII mode.
2472
2473- CONFIG_CRC32_VERIFY
2474		Add a verify option to the crc32 command.
2475		The syntax is:
2476
2477		=> crc32 -v <address> <count> <crc32>
2478
2479		Where address/count indicate a memory area
2480		and crc32 is the correct crc32 which the
2481		area should have.
2482
2483- CONFIG_LOOPW
2484		Add the "loopw" memory command. This only takes effect if
2485		the memory commands are activated globally (CONFIG_CMD_MEM).
2486
2487- CONFIG_MX_CYCLIC
2488		Add the "mdc" and "mwc" memory commands. These are cyclic
2489		"md/mw" commands.
2490		Examples:
2491
2492		=> mdc.b 10 4 500
2493		This command will print 4 bytes (10,11,12,13) each 500 ms.
2494
2495		=> mwc.l 100 12345678 10
2496		This command will write 12345678 to address 100 all 10 ms.
2497
2498		This only takes effect if the memory commands are activated
2499		globally (CONFIG_CMD_MEM).
2500
2501- CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
2502- CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT
2503
2504		[ARM only] If these variables are defined, then
2505		certain low level initializations (like setting up
2506		the memory controller) are omitted and/or U-Boot does
2507		not relocate itself into RAM.
2508		Normally these variables MUST NOT be defined. The
2509		only exception is when U-Boot is loaded (to RAM) by
2510		some other boot loader or by a debugger which
2511		performs these intializations itself.
2512
2513
2514Building the Software:
2515======================
2516
2517Building U-Boot has been tested in several native build environments
2518and in many different cross environments. Of course we cannot support
2519all possibly existing versions of cross development tools in all
2520(potentially obsolete) versions. In case of tool chain problems we
2521recommend to use the ELDK (see http://www.denx.de/wiki/DULG/ELDK)
2522which is extensively used to build and test U-Boot.
2523
2524If you are not using a native environment, it is assumed that you
2525have GNU cross compiling tools available in your path. In this case,
2526you must set the environment variable CROSS_COMPILE in your shell.
2527Note that no changes to the Makefile or any other source files are
2528necessary. For example using the ELDK on a 4xx CPU, please enter:
2529
2530	$ CROSS_COMPILE=ppc_4xx-
2531	$ export CROSS_COMPILE
2532
2533U-Boot is intended to be simple to build. After installing the
2534sources you must configure U-Boot for one specific board type. This
2535is done by typing:
2536
2537	make NAME_config
2538
2539where "NAME_config" is the name of one of the existing configu-
2540rations; see the main Makefile for supported names.
2541
2542Note: for some board special configuration names may exist; check if
2543      additional information is available from the board vendor; for
2544      instance, the TQM823L systems are available without (standard)
2545      or with LCD support. You can select such additional "features"
2546      when chosing the configuration, i. e.
2547
2548      make TQM823L_config
2549	- will configure for a plain TQM823L, i. e. no LCD support
2550
2551      make TQM823L_LCD_config
2552	- will configure for a TQM823L with U-Boot console on LCD
2553
2554      etc.
2555
2556
2557Finally, type "make all", and you should get some working U-Boot
2558images ready for download to / installation on your system:
2559
2560- "u-boot.bin" is a raw binary image
2561- "u-boot" is an image in ELF binary format
2562- "u-boot.srec" is in Motorola S-Record format
2563
2564By default the build is performed locally and the objects are saved
2565in the source directory. One of the two methods can be used to change
2566this behavior and build U-Boot to some external directory:
2567
25681. Add O= to the make command line invocations:
2569
2570	make O=/tmp/build distclean
2571	make O=/tmp/build NAME_config
2572	make O=/tmp/build all
2573
25742. Set environment variable BUILD_DIR to point to the desired location:
2575
2576	export BUILD_DIR=/tmp/build
2577	make distclean
2578	make NAME_config
2579	make all
2580
2581Note that the command line "O=" setting overrides the BUILD_DIR environment
2582variable.
2583
2584
2585Please be aware that the Makefiles assume you are using GNU make, so
2586for instance on NetBSD you might need to use "gmake" instead of
2587native "make".
2588
2589
2590If the system board that you have is not listed, then you will need
2591to port U-Boot to your hardware platform. To do this, follow these
2592steps:
2593
25941.  Add a new configuration option for your board to the toplevel
2595    "Makefile" and to the "MAKEALL" script, using the existing
2596    entries as examples. Note that here and at many other places
2597    boards and other names are listed in alphabetical sort order. Please
2598    keep this order.
25992.  Create a new directory to hold your board specific code. Add any
2600    files you need. In your board directory, you will need at least
2601    the "Makefile", a "<board>.c", "flash.c" and "u-boot.lds".
26023.  Create a new configuration file "include/configs/<board>.h" for
2603    your board
26043.  If you're porting U-Boot to a new CPU, then also create a new
2605    directory to hold your CPU specific code. Add any files you need.
26064.  Run "make <board>_config" with your new name.
26075.  Type "make", and you should get a working "u-boot.srec" file
2608    to be installed on your target system.
26096.  Debug and solve any problems that might arise.
2610    [Of course, this last step is much harder than it sounds.]
2611
2612
2613Testing of U-Boot Modifications, Ports to New Hardware, etc.:
2614==============================================================
2615
2616If you have modified U-Boot sources (for instance added a new board
2617or support for new devices, a new CPU, etc.) you are expected to
2618provide feedback to the other developers. The feedback normally takes
2619the form of a "patch", i. e. a context diff against a certain (latest
2620official or latest in the git repository) version of U-Boot sources.
2621
2622But before you submit such a patch, please verify that your modifi-
2623cation did not break existing code. At least make sure that *ALL* of
2624the supported boards compile WITHOUT ANY compiler warnings. To do so,
2625just run the "MAKEALL" script, which will configure and build U-Boot
2626for ALL supported system. Be warned, this will take a while. You can
2627select which (cross) compiler to use by passing a `CROSS_COMPILE'
2628environment variable to the script, i. e. to use the ELDK cross tools
2629you can type
2630
2631	CROSS_COMPILE=ppc_8xx- MAKEALL
2632
2633or to build on a native PowerPC system you can type
2634
2635	CROSS_COMPILE=' ' MAKEALL
2636
2637When using the MAKEALL script, the default behaviour is to build
2638U-Boot in the source directory. This location can be changed by
2639setting the BUILD_DIR environment variable. Also, for each target
2640built, the MAKEALL script saves two log files (<target>.ERR and
2641<target>.MAKEALL) in the <source dir>/LOG directory. This default
2642location can be changed by setting the MAKEALL_LOGDIR environment
2643variable. For example:
2644
2645	export BUILD_DIR=/tmp/build
2646	export MAKEALL_LOGDIR=/tmp/log
2647	CROSS_COMPILE=ppc_8xx- MAKEALL
2648
2649With the above settings build objects are saved in the /tmp/build,
2650log files are saved in the /tmp/log and the source tree remains clean
2651during the whole build process.
2652
2653
2654See also "U-Boot Porting Guide" below.
2655
2656
2657Monitor Commands - Overview:
2658============================
2659
2660go	- start application at address 'addr'
2661run	- run commands in an environment variable
2662bootm	- boot application image from memory
2663bootp	- boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol
2664tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol
2665	       and env variables "ipaddr" and "serverip"
2666	       (and eventually "gatewayip")
2667rarpboot- boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol
2668diskboot- boot from IDE devicebootd   - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
2669loads	- load S-Record file over serial line
2670loadb	- load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)
2671md	- memory display
2672mm	- memory modify (auto-incrementing)
2673nm	- memory modify (constant address)
2674mw	- memory write (fill)
2675cp	- memory copy
2676cmp	- memory compare
2677crc32	- checksum calculation
2678imd	- i2c memory display
2679imm	- i2c memory modify (auto-incrementing)
2680inm	- i2c memory modify (constant address)
2681imw	- i2c memory write (fill)
2682icrc32	- i2c checksum calculation
2683iprobe	- probe to discover valid I2C chip addresses
2684iloop	- infinite loop on address range
2685isdram	- print SDRAM configuration information
2686sspi	- SPI utility commands
2687base	- print or set address offset
2688printenv- print environment variables
2689setenv	- set environment variables
2690saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage
2691protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection
2692erase	- erase FLASH memory
2693flinfo	- print FLASH memory information
2694bdinfo	- print Board Info structure
2695iminfo	- print header information for application image
2696coninfo - print console devices and informations
2697ide	- IDE sub-system
2698loop	- infinite loop on address range
2699loopw	- infinite write loop on address range
2700mtest	- simple RAM test
2701icache	- enable or disable instruction cache
2702dcache	- enable or disable data cache
2703reset	- Perform RESET of the CPU
2704echo	- echo args to console
2705version - print monitor version
2706help	- print online help
2707?	- alias for 'help'
2708
2709
2710Monitor Commands - Detailed Description:
2711========================================
2712
2713TODO.
2714
2715For now: just type "help <command>".
2716
2717
2718Environment Variables:
2719======================
2720
2721U-Boot supports user configuration using Environment Variables which
2722can be made persistent by saving to Flash memory.
2723
2724Environment Variables are set using "setenv", printed using
2725"printenv", and saved to Flash using "saveenv". Using "setenv"
2726without a value can be used to delete a variable from the
2727environment. As long as you don't save the environment you are
2728working with an in-memory copy. In case the Flash area containing the
2729environment is erased by accident, a default environment is provided.
2730
2731Some configuration options can be set using Environment Variables:
2732
2733  baudrate	- see CONFIG_BAUDRATE
2734
2735  bootdelay	- see CONFIG_BOOTDELAY
2736
2737  bootcmd	- see CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND
2738
2739  bootargs	- Boot arguments when booting an RTOS image
2740
2741  bootfile	- Name of the image to load with TFTP
2742
2743  autoload	- if set to "no" (any string beginning with 'n'),
2744		  "bootp" will just load perform a lookup of the
2745		  configuration from the BOOTP server, but not try to
2746		  load any image using TFTP
2747
2748  autoscript	- if set to "yes" commands like "loadb", "loady",
2749		  "bootp", "tftpb", "rarpboot" and "nfs" will attempt
2750		  to automatically run script images (by internally
2751		  calling "autoscript").
2752
2753  autoscript_uname - if script image is in a format (FIT) this
2754		     variable is used to get script subimage unit name.
2755
2756  autostart	- if set to "yes", an image loaded using the "bootp",
2757		  "rarpboot", "tftpboot" or "diskboot" commands will
2758		  be automatically started (by internally calling
2759		  "bootm")
2760
2761		  If set to "no", a standalone image passed to the
2762		  "bootm" command will be copied to the load address
2763		  (and eventually uncompressed), but NOT be started.
2764		  This can be used to load and uncompress arbitrary
2765		  data.
2766
2767  i2cfast	- (PPC405GP|PPC405EP only)
2768		  if set to 'y' configures Linux I2C driver for fast
2769		  mode (400kHZ). This environment variable is used in
2770		  initialization code. So, for changes to be effective
2771		  it must be saved and board must be reset.
2772
2773  initrd_high	- restrict positioning of initrd images:
2774		  If this variable is not set, initrd images will be
2775		  copied to the highest possible address in RAM; this
2776		  is usually what you want since it allows for
2777		  maximum initrd size. If for some reason you want to
2778		  make sure that the initrd image is loaded below the
2779		  CFG_BOOTMAPSZ limit, you can set this environment
2780		  variable to a value of "no" or "off" or "0".
2781		  Alternatively, you can set it to a maximum upper
2782		  address to use (U-Boot will still check that it
2783		  does not overwrite the U-Boot stack and data).
2784
2785		  For instance, when you have a system with 16 MB
2786		  RAM, and want to reserve 4 MB from use by Linux,
2787		  you can do this by adding "mem=12M" to the value of
2788		  the "bootargs" variable. However, now you must make
2789		  sure that the initrd image is placed in the first
2790		  12 MB as well - this can be done with
2791
2792		  setenv initrd_high 00c00000
2793
2794		  If you set initrd_high to 0xFFFFFFFF, this is an
2795		  indication to U-Boot that all addresses are legal
2796		  for the Linux kernel, including addresses in flash
2797		  memory. In this case U-Boot will NOT COPY the
2798		  ramdisk at all. This may be useful to reduce the
2799		  boot time on your system, but requires that this
2800		  feature is supported by your Linux kernel.
2801
2802  ipaddr	- IP address; needed for tftpboot command
2803
2804  loadaddr	- Default load address for commands like "bootp",
2805		  "rarpboot", "tftpboot", "loadb" or "diskboot"
2806
2807  loads_echo	- see CONFIG_LOADS_ECHO
2808
2809  serverip	- TFTP server IP address; needed for tftpboot command
2810
2811  bootretry	- see CONFIG_BOOT_RETRY_TIME
2812
2813  bootdelaykey	- see CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_DELAY_STR
2814
2815  bootstopkey	- see CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_STOP_STR
2816
2817  ethprime	- When CONFIG_NET_MULTI is enabled controls which
2818		  interface is used first.
2819
2820  ethact	- When CONFIG_NET_MULTI is enabled controls which
2821		  interface is currently active. For example you
2822		  can do the following
2823
2824		  => setenv ethact FEC ETHERNET
2825		  => ping 192.168.0.1 # traffic sent on FEC ETHERNET
2826		  => setenv ethact SCC ETHERNET
2827		  => ping 10.0.0.1 # traffic sent on SCC ETHERNET
2828
2829  ethrotate	- When set to "no" U-Boot does not go through all
2830		  available network interfaces.
2831		  It just stays at the currently selected interface.
2832
2833   netretry	- When set to "no" each network operation will
2834		  either succeed or fail without retrying.
2835		  When set to "once" the network operation will
2836		  fail when all the available network interfaces
2837		  are tried once without success.
2838		  Useful on scripts which control the retry operation
2839		  themselves.
2840
2841  npe_ucode	- see CONFIG_IXP4XX_NPE_EXT_UCOD
2842		  if set load address for the npe microcode
2843
2844  tftpsrcport	- If this is set, the value is used for TFTP's
2845		  UDP source port.
2846
2847  tftpdstport	- If this is set, the value is used for TFTP's UDP
2848		  destination port instead of the Well Know Port 69.
2849
2850   vlan		- When set to a value < 4095 the traffic over
2851		  ethernet is encapsulated/received over 802.1q
2852		  VLAN tagged frames.
2853
2854The following environment variables may be used and automatically
2855updated by the network boot commands ("bootp" and "rarpboot"),
2856depending the information provided by your boot server:
2857
2858  bootfile	- see above
2859  dnsip		- IP address of your Domain Name Server
2860  dnsip2	- IP address of your secondary Domain Name Server
2861  gatewayip	- IP address of the Gateway (Router) to use
2862  hostname	- Target hostname
2863  ipaddr	- see above
2864  netmask	- Subnet Mask
2865  rootpath	- Pathname of the root filesystem on the NFS server
2866  serverip	- see above
2867
2868
2869There are two special Environment Variables:
2870
2871  serial#	- contains hardware identification information such
2872		  as type string and/or serial number
2873  ethaddr	- Ethernet address
2874
2875These variables can be set only once (usually during manufacturing of
2876the board). U-Boot refuses to delete or overwrite these variables
2877once they have been set once.
2878
2879
2880Further special Environment Variables:
2881
2882  ver		- Contains the U-Boot version string as printed
2883		  with the "version" command. This variable is
2884		  readonly (see CONFIG_VERSION_VARIABLE).
2885
2886
2887Please note that changes to some configuration parameters may take
2888only effect after the next boot (yes, that's just like Windoze :-).
2889
2890
2891Command Line Parsing:
2892=====================
2893
2894There are two different command line parsers available with U-Boot:
2895the old "simple" one, and the much more powerful "hush" shell:
2896
2897Old, simple command line parser:
2898--------------------------------
2899
2900- supports environment variables (through setenv / saveenv commands)
2901- several commands on one line, separated by ';'
2902- variable substitution using "... ${name} ..." syntax
2903- special characters ('$', ';') can be escaped by prefixing with '\',
2904  for example:
2905	setenv bootcmd bootm \${address}
2906- You can also escape text by enclosing in single apostrophes, for example:
2907	setenv addip 'setenv bootargs $bootargs ip=$ipaddr:$serverip:$gatewayip:$netmask:$hostname::off'
2908
2909Hush shell:
2910-----------
2911
2912- similar to Bourne shell, with control structures like
2913  if...then...else...fi, for...do...done; while...do...done,
2914  until...do...done, ...
2915- supports environment ("global") variables (through setenv / saveenv
2916  commands) and local shell variables (through standard shell syntax
2917  "name=value"); only environment variables can be used with "run"
2918  command
2919
2920General rules:
2921--------------
2922
2923(1) If a command line (or an environment variable executed by a "run"
2924    command) contains several commands separated by semicolon, and
2925    one of these commands fails, then the remaining commands will be
2926    executed anyway.
2927
2928(2) If you execute several variables with one call to run (i. e.
2929    calling run with a list af variables as arguments), any failing
2930    command will cause "run" to terminate, i. e. the remaining
2931    variables are not executed.
2932
2933Note for Redundant Ethernet Interfaces:
2934=======================================
2935
2936Some boards come with redundant ethernet interfaces; U-Boot supports
2937such configurations and is capable of automatic selection of a
2938"working" interface when needed. MAC assignment works as follows:
2939
2940Network interfaces are numbered eth0, eth1, eth2, ... Corresponding
2941MAC addresses can be stored in the environment as "ethaddr" (=>eth0),
2942"eth1addr" (=>eth1), "eth2addr", ...
2943
2944If the network interface stores some valid MAC address (for instance
2945in SROM), this is used as default address if there is NO correspon-
2946ding setting in the environment; if the corresponding environment
2947variable is set, this overrides the settings in the card; that means:
2948
2949o If the SROM has a valid MAC address, and there is no address in the
2950  environment, the SROM's address is used.
2951
2952o If there is no valid address in the SROM, and a definition in the
2953  environment exists, then the value from the environment variable is
2954  used.
2955
2956o If both the SROM and the environment contain a MAC address, and
2957  both addresses are the same, this MAC address is used.
2958
2959o If both the SROM and the environment contain a MAC address, and the
2960  addresses differ, the value from the environment is used and a
2961  warning is printed.
2962
2963o If neither SROM nor the environment contain a MAC address, an error
2964  is raised.
2965
2966
2967Image Formats:
2968==============
2969
2970U-Boot is capable of booting (and performing other auxiliary operations on)
2971images in two formats:
2972
2973New uImage format (FIT)
2974-----------------------
2975
2976Flexible and powerful format based on Flattened Image Tree -- FIT (similar
2977to Flattened Device Tree). It allows the use of images with multiple
2978components (several kernels, ramdisks, etc.), with contents protected by
2979SHA1, MD5 or CRC32. More details are found in the doc/uImage.FIT directory.
2980
2981
2982Old uImage format
2983-----------------
2984
2985Old image format is based on binary files which can be basically anything,
2986preceded by a special header; see the definitions in include/image.h for
2987details; basically, the header defines the following image properties:
2988
2989* Target Operating System (Provisions for OpenBSD, NetBSD, FreeBSD,
2990  4.4BSD, Linux, SVR4, Esix, Solaris, Irix, SCO, Dell, NCR, VxWorks,
2991  LynxOS, pSOS, QNX, RTEMS, ARTOS;
2992  Currently supported: Linux, NetBSD, VxWorks, QNX, RTEMS, ARTOS, LynxOS).
2993* Target CPU Architecture (Provisions for Alpha, ARM, AVR32, Intel x86,
2994  IA64, MIPS, NIOS, PowerPC, IBM S390, SuperH, Sparc, Sparc 64 Bit;
2995  Currently supported: ARM, AVR32, Intel x86, MIPS, NIOS, PowerPC).
2996* Compression Type (uncompressed, gzip, bzip2)
2997* Load Address
2998* Entry Point
2999* Image Name
3000* Image Timestamp
3001
3002The header is marked by a special Magic Number, and both the header
3003and the data portions of the image are secured against corruption by
3004CRC32 checksums.
3005
3006
3007Linux Support:
3008==============
3009
3010Although U-Boot should support any OS or standalone application
3011easily, the main focus has always been on Linux during the design of
3012U-Boot.
3013
3014U-Boot includes many features that so far have been part of some
3015special "boot loader" code within the Linux kernel. Also, any
3016"initrd" images to be used are no longer part of one big Linux image;
3017instead, kernel and "initrd" are separate images. This implementation
3018serves several purposes:
3019
3020- the same features can be used for other OS or standalone
3021  applications (for instance: using compressed images to reduce the
3022  Flash memory footprint)
3023
3024- it becomes much easier to port new Linux kernel versions because
3025  lots of low-level, hardware dependent stuff are done by U-Boot
3026
3027- the same Linux kernel image can now be used with different "initrd"
3028  images; of course this also means that different kernel images can
3029  be run with the same "initrd". This makes testing easier (you don't
3030  have to build a new "zImage.initrd" Linux image when you just
3031  change a file in your "initrd"). Also, a field-upgrade of the
3032  software is easier now.
3033
3034
3035Linux HOWTO:
3036============
3037
3038Porting Linux to U-Boot based systems:
3039---------------------------------------
3040
3041U-Boot cannot save you from doing all the necessary modifications to
3042configure the Linux device drivers for use with your target hardware
3043(no, we don't intend to provide a full virtual machine interface to
3044Linux :-).
3045
3046But now you can ignore ALL boot loader code (in arch/ppc/mbxboot).
3047
3048Just make sure your machine specific header file (for instance
3049include/asm-ppc/tqm8xx.h) includes the same definition of the Board
3050Information structure as we define in include/u-boot.h, and make
3051sure that your definition of IMAP_ADDR uses the same value as your
3052U-Boot configuration in CFG_IMMR.
3053
3054
3055Configuring the Linux kernel:
3056-----------------------------
3057
3058No specific requirements for U-Boot. Make sure you have some root
3059device (initial ramdisk, NFS) for your target system.
3060
3061
3062Building a Linux Image:
3063-----------------------
3064
3065With U-Boot, "normal" build targets like "zImage" or "bzImage" are
3066not used. If you use recent kernel source, a new build target
3067"uImage" will exist which automatically builds an image usable by
3068U-Boot. Most older kernels also have support for a "pImage" target,
3069which was introduced for our predecessor project PPCBoot and uses a
3070100% compatible format.
3071
3072Example:
3073
3074	make TQM850L_config
3075	make oldconfig
3076	make dep
3077	make uImage
3078
3079The "uImage" build target uses a special tool (in 'tools/mkimage') to
3080encapsulate a compressed Linux kernel image with header	 information,
3081CRC32 checksum etc. for use with U-Boot. This is what we are doing:
3082
3083* build a standard "vmlinux" kernel image (in ELF binary format):
3084
3085* convert the kernel into a raw binary image:
3086
3087	${CROSS_COMPILE}-objcopy -O binary \
3088				 -R .note -R .comment \
3089				 -S vmlinux linux.bin
3090
3091* compress the binary image:
3092
3093	gzip -9 linux.bin
3094
3095* package compressed binary image for U-Boot:
3096
3097	mkimage -A ppc -O linux -T kernel -C gzip \
3098		-a 0 -e 0 -n "Linux Kernel Image" \
3099		-d linux.bin.gz uImage
3100
3101
3102The "mkimage" tool can also be used to create ramdisk images for use
3103with U-Boot, either separated from the Linux kernel image, or
3104combined into one file. "mkimage" encapsulates the images with a 64
3105byte header containing information about target architecture,
3106operating system, image type, compression method, entry points, time
3107stamp, CRC32 checksums, etc.
3108
3109"mkimage" can be called in two ways: to verify existing images and
3110print the header information, or to build new images.
3111
3112In the first form (with "-l" option) mkimage lists the information
3113contained in the header of an existing U-Boot image; this includes
3114checksum verification:
3115
3116	tools/mkimage -l image
3117	  -l ==> list image header information
3118
3119The second form (with "-d" option) is used to build a U-Boot image
3120from a "data file" which is used as image payload:
3121
3122	tools/mkimage -A arch -O os -T type -C comp -a addr -e ep \
3123		      -n name -d data_file image
3124	  -A ==> set architecture to 'arch'
3125	  -O ==> set operating system to 'os'
3126	  -T ==> set image type to 'type'
3127	  -C ==> set compression type 'comp'
3128	  -a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex)
3129	  -e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex)
3130	  -n ==> set image name to 'name'
3131	  -d ==> use image data from 'datafile'
3132
3133Right now, all Linux kernels for PowerPC systems use the same load
3134address (0x00000000), but the entry point address depends on the
3135kernel version:
3136
3137- 2.2.x kernels have the entry point at 0x0000000C,
3138- 2.3.x and later kernels have the entry point at 0x00000000.
3139
3140So a typical call to build a U-Boot image would read:
3141
3142	-> tools/mkimage -n '2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L' \
3143	> -A ppc -O linux -T kernel -C gzip -a 0 -e 0 \
3144	> -d /opt/elsk/ppc_8xx/usr/src/linux-2.4.4/arch/ppc/coffboot/vmlinux.gz \
3145	> examples/uImage.TQM850L
3146	Image Name:   2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L
3147	Created:      Wed Jul 19 02:34:59 2000
3148	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
3149	Data Size:    335725 Bytes = 327.86 kB = 0.32 MB
3150	Load Address: 0x00000000
3151	Entry Point:  0x00000000
3152
3153To verify the contents of the image (or check for corruption):
3154
3155	-> tools/mkimage -l examples/uImage.TQM850L
3156	Image Name:   2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L
3157	Created:      Wed Jul 19 02:34:59 2000
3158	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
3159	Data Size:    335725 Bytes = 327.86 kB = 0.32 MB
3160	Load Address: 0x00000000
3161	Entry Point:  0x00000000
3162
3163NOTE: for embedded systems where boot time is critical you can trade
3164speed for memory and install an UNCOMPRESSED image instead: this
3165needs more space in Flash, but boots much faster since it does not
3166need to be uncompressed:
3167
3168	-> gunzip /opt/elsk/ppc_8xx/usr/src/linux-2.4.4/arch/ppc/coffboot/vmlinux.gz
3169	-> tools/mkimage -n '2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L' \
3170	> -A ppc -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0 -e 0 \
3171	> -d /opt/elsk/ppc_8xx/usr/src/linux-2.4.4/arch/ppc/coffboot/vmlinux \
3172	> examples/uImage.TQM850L-uncompressed
3173	Image Name:   2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L
3174	Created:      Wed Jul 19 02:34:59 2000
3175	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
3176	Data Size:    792160 Bytes = 773.59 kB = 0.76 MB
3177	Load Address: 0x00000000
3178	Entry Point:  0x00000000
3179
3180
3181Similar you can build U-Boot images from a 'ramdisk.image.gz' file
3182when your kernel is intended to use an initial ramdisk:
3183
3184	-> tools/mkimage -n 'Simple Ramdisk Image' \
3185	> -A ppc -O linux -T ramdisk -C gzip \
3186	> -d /LinuxPPC/images/SIMPLE-ramdisk.image.gz examples/simple-initrd
3187	Image Name:   Simple Ramdisk Image
3188	Created:      Wed Jan 12 14:01:50 2000
3189	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)
3190	Data Size:    566530 Bytes = 553.25 kB = 0.54 MB
3191	Load Address: 0x00000000
3192	Entry Point:  0x00000000
3193
3194
3195Installing a Linux Image:
3196-------------------------
3197
3198To downloading a U-Boot image over the serial (console) interface,
3199you must convert the image to S-Record format:
3200
3201	objcopy -I binary -O srec examples/image examples/image.srec
3202
3203The 'objcopy' does not understand the information in the U-Boot
3204image header, so the resulting S-Record file will be relative to
3205address 0x00000000. To load it to a given address, you need to
3206specify the target address as 'offset' parameter with the 'loads'
3207command.
3208
3209Example: install the image to address 0x40100000 (which on the
3210TQM8xxL is in the first Flash bank):
3211
3212	=> erase 40100000 401FFFFF
3213
3214	.......... done
3215	Erased 8 sectors
3216
3217	=> loads 40100000
3218	## Ready for S-Record download ...
3219	~>examples/image.srec
3220	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ...
3221	...
3222	15989 15990 15991 15992
3223	[file transfer complete]
3224	[connected]
3225	## Start Addr = 0x00000000
3226
3227
3228You can check the success of the download using the 'iminfo' command;
3229this includes a checksum verification so you can be sure no data
3230corruption happened:
3231
3232	=> imi 40100000
3233
3234	## Checking Image at 40100000 ...
3235	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for initrd on TQM850L
3236	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
3237	   Data Size:	 335725 Bytes = 327 kB = 0 MB
3238	   Load Address: 00000000
3239	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
3240	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
3241
3242
3243Boot Linux:
3244-----------
3245
3246The "bootm" command is used to boot an application that is stored in
3247memory (RAM or Flash). In case of a Linux kernel image, the contents
3248of the "bootargs" environment variable is passed to the kernel as
3249parameters. You can check and modify this variable using the
3250"printenv" and "setenv" commands:
3251
3252
3253	=> printenv bootargs
3254	bootargs=root=/dev/ram
3255
3256	=> setenv bootargs root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.2:/LinuxPPC nfsaddrs=10.0.0.99:10.0.0.2
3257
3258	=> printenv bootargs
3259	bootargs=root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.2:/LinuxPPC nfsaddrs=10.0.0.99:10.0.0.2
3260
3261	=> bootm 40020000
3262	## Booting Linux kernel at 40020000 ...
3263	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for NFS on TQM850L
3264	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
3265	   Data Size:	 381681 Bytes = 372 kB = 0 MB
3266	   Load Address: 00000000
3267	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
3268	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
3269	   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
3270	Linux version 2.2.13 (wd@denx.local.net) (gcc version 2.95.2 19991024 (release)) #1 Wed Jul 19 02:35:17 MEST 2000
3271	Boot arguments: root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.2:/LinuxPPC nfsaddrs=10.0.0.99:10.0.0.2
3272	time_init: decrementer frequency = 187500000/60
3273	Calibrating delay loop... 49.77 BogoMIPS
3274	Memory: 15208k available (700k kernel code, 444k data, 32k init) [c0000000,c1000000]
3275	...
3276
3277If you want to boot a Linux kernel with initial ram disk, you pass
3278the memory addresses of both the kernel and the initrd image (PPBCOOT
3279format!) to the "bootm" command:
3280
3281	=> imi 40100000 40200000
3282
3283	## Checking Image at 40100000 ...
3284	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for initrd on TQM850L
3285	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
3286	   Data Size:	 335725 Bytes = 327 kB = 0 MB
3287	   Load Address: 00000000
3288	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
3289	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
3290
3291	## Checking Image at 40200000 ...
3292	   Image Name:	 Simple Ramdisk Image
3293	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)
3294	   Data Size:	 566530 Bytes = 553 kB = 0 MB
3295	   Load Address: 00000000
3296	   Entry Point:	 00000000
3297	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
3298
3299	=> bootm 40100000 40200000
3300	## Booting Linux kernel at 40100000 ...
3301	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for initrd on TQM850L
3302	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
3303	   Data Size:	 335725 Bytes = 327 kB = 0 MB
3304	   Load Address: 00000000
3305	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
3306	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
3307	   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
3308	## Loading RAMDisk Image at 40200000 ...
3309	   Image Name:	 Simple Ramdisk Image
3310	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)
3311	   Data Size:	 566530 Bytes = 553 kB = 0 MB
3312	   Load Address: 00000000
3313	   Entry Point:	 00000000
3314	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
3315	   Loading Ramdisk ... OK
3316	Linux version 2.2.13 (wd@denx.local.net) (gcc version 2.95.2 19991024 (release)) #1 Wed Jul 19 02:32:08 MEST 2000
3317	Boot arguments: root=/dev/ram
3318	time_init: decrementer frequency = 187500000/60
3319	Calibrating delay loop... 49.77 BogoMIPS
3320	...
3321	RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
3322	VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
3323
3324	bash#
3325
3326Boot Linux and pass a flat device tree:
3327-----------
3328
3329First, U-Boot must be compiled with the appropriate defines. See the section
3330titled "Linux Kernel Interface" above for a more in depth explanation. The
3331following is an example of how to start a kernel and pass an updated
3332flat device tree:
3333
3334=> print oftaddr
3335oftaddr=0x300000
3336=> print oft
3337oft=oftrees/mpc8540ads.dtb
3338=> tftp $oftaddr $oft
3339Speed: 1000, full duplex
3340Using TSEC0 device
3341TFTP from server 192.168.1.1; our IP address is 192.168.1.101
3342Filename 'oftrees/mpc8540ads.dtb'.
3343Load address: 0x300000
3344Loading: #
3345done
3346Bytes transferred = 4106 (100a hex)
3347=> tftp $loadaddr $bootfile
3348Speed: 1000, full duplex
3349Using TSEC0 device
3350TFTP from server 192.168.1.1; our IP address is 192.168.1.2
3351Filename 'uImage'.
3352Load address: 0x200000
3353Loading:############
3354done
3355Bytes transferred = 1029407 (fb51f hex)
3356=> print loadaddr
3357loadaddr=200000
3358=> print oftaddr
3359oftaddr=0x300000
3360=> bootm $loadaddr - $oftaddr
3361## Booting image at 00200000 ...
3362   Image Name:	 Linux-2.6.17-dirty
3363   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
3364   Data Size:	 1029343 Bytes = 1005.2 kB
3365   Load Address: 00000000
3366   Entry Point:	 00000000
3367   Verifying Checksum ... OK
3368   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
3369Booting using flat device tree at 0x300000
3370Using MPC85xx ADS machine description
3371Memory CAM mapping: CAM0=256Mb, CAM1=256Mb, CAM2=0Mb residual: 0Mb
3372[snip]
3373
3374
3375More About U-Boot Image Types:
3376------------------------------
3377
3378U-Boot supports the following image types:
3379
3380   "Standalone Programs" are directly runnable in the environment
3381	provided by U-Boot; it is expected that (if they behave
3382	well) you can continue to work in U-Boot after return from
3383	the Standalone Program.
3384   "OS Kernel Images" are usually images of some Embedded OS which
3385	will take over control completely. Usually these programs
3386	will install their own set of exception handlers, device
3387	drivers, set up the MMU, etc. - this means, that you cannot
3388	expect to re-enter U-Boot except by resetting the CPU.
3389   "RAMDisk Images" are more or less just data blocks, and their
3390	parameters (address, size) are passed to an OS kernel that is
3391	being started.
3392   "Multi-File Images" contain several images, typically an OS
3393	(Linux) kernel image and one or more data images like
3394	RAMDisks. This construct is useful for instance when you want
3395	to boot over the network using BOOTP etc., where the boot
3396	server provides just a single image file, but you want to get
3397	for instance an OS kernel and a RAMDisk image.
3398
3399	"Multi-File Images" start with a list of image sizes, each
3400	image size (in bytes) specified by an "uint32_t" in network
3401	byte order. This list is terminated by an "(uint32_t)0".
3402	Immediately after the terminating 0 follow the images, one by
3403	one, all aligned on "uint32_t" boundaries (size rounded up to
3404	a multiple of 4 bytes).
3405
3406   "Firmware Images" are binary images containing firmware (like
3407	U-Boot or FPGA images) which usually will be programmed to
3408	flash memory.
3409
3410   "Script files" are command sequences that will be executed by
3411	U-Boot's command interpreter; this feature is especially
3412	useful when you configure U-Boot to use a real shell (hush)
3413	as command interpreter.
3414
3415
3416Standalone HOWTO:
3417=================
3418
3419One of the features of U-Boot is that you can dynamically load and
3420run "standalone" applications, which can use some resources of
3421U-Boot like console I/O functions or interrupt services.
3422
3423Two simple examples are included with the sources:
3424
3425"Hello World" Demo:
3426-------------------
3427
3428'examples/hello_world.c' contains a small "Hello World" Demo
3429application; it is automatically compiled when you build U-Boot.
3430It's configured to run at address 0x00040004, so you can play with it
3431like that:
3432
3433	=> loads
3434	## Ready for S-Record download ...
3435	~>examples/hello_world.srec
3436	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ...
3437	[file transfer complete]
3438	[connected]
3439	## Start Addr = 0x00040004
3440
3441	=> go 40004 Hello World! This is a test.
3442	## Starting application at 0x00040004 ...
3443	Hello World
3444	argc = 7
3445	argv[0] = "40004"
3446	argv[1] = "Hello"
3447	argv[2] = "World!"
3448	argv[3] = "This"
3449	argv[4] = "is"
3450	argv[5] = "a"
3451	argv[6] = "test."
3452	argv[7] = "<NULL>"
3453	Hit any key to exit ...
3454
3455	## Application terminated, rc = 0x0
3456
3457Another example, which demonstrates how to register a CPM interrupt
3458handler with the U-Boot code, can be found in 'examples/timer.c'.
3459Here, a CPM timer is set up to generate an interrupt every second.
3460The interrupt service routine is trivial, just printing a '.'
3461character, but this is just a demo program. The application can be
3462controlled by the following keys:
3463
3464	? - print current values og the CPM Timer registers
3465	b - enable interrupts and start timer
3466	e - stop timer and disable interrupts
3467	q - quit application
3468
3469	=> loads
3470	## Ready for S-Record download ...
3471	~>examples/timer.srec
3472	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ...
3473	[file transfer complete]
3474	[connected]
3475	## Start Addr = 0x00040004
3476
3477	=> go 40004
3478	## Starting application at 0x00040004 ...
3479	TIMERS=0xfff00980
3480	Using timer 1
3481	  tgcr @ 0xfff00980, tmr @ 0xfff00990, trr @ 0xfff00994, tcr @ 0xfff00998, tcn @ 0xfff0099c, ter @ 0xfff009b0
3482
3483Hit 'b':
3484	[q, b, e, ?] Set interval 1000000 us
3485	Enabling timer
3486Hit '?':
3487	[q, b, e, ?] ........
3488	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0xef6, ter=0x0
3489Hit '?':
3490	[q, b, e, ?] .
3491	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0x2ad4, ter=0x0
3492Hit '?':
3493	[q, b, e, ?] .
3494	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0x1efc, ter=0x0
3495Hit '?':
3496	[q, b, e, ?] .
3497	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0x169d, ter=0x0
3498Hit 'e':
3499	[q, b, e, ?] ...Stopping timer
3500Hit 'q':
3501	[q, b, e, ?] ## Application terminated, rc = 0x0
3502
3503
3504Minicom warning:
3505================
3506
3507Over time, many people have reported problems when trying to use the
3508"minicom" terminal emulation program for serial download. I (wd)
3509consider minicom to be broken, and recommend not to use it. Under
3510Unix, I recommend to use C-Kermit for general purpose use (and
3511especially for kermit binary protocol download ("loadb" command), and
3512use "cu" for S-Record download ("loads" command).
3513
3514Nevertheless, if you absolutely want to use it try adding this
3515configuration to your "File transfer protocols" section:
3516
3517	   Name	   Program			Name U/D FullScr IO-Red. Multi
3518	X  kermit  /usr/bin/kermit -i -l %l -s	 Y    U	   Y	   N	  N
3519	Y  kermit  /usr/bin/kermit -i -l %l -r	 N    D	   Y	   N	  N
3520
3521
3522NetBSD Notes:
3523=============
3524
3525Starting at version 0.9.2, U-Boot supports NetBSD both as host
3526(build U-Boot) and target system (boots NetBSD/mpc8xx).
3527
3528Building requires a cross environment; it is known to work on
3529NetBSD/i386 with the cross-powerpc-netbsd-1.3 package (you will also
3530need gmake since the Makefiles are not compatible with BSD make).
3531Note that the cross-powerpc package does not install include files;
3532attempting to build U-Boot will fail because <machine/ansi.h> is
3533missing.  This file has to be installed and patched manually:
3534
3535	# cd /usr/pkg/cross/powerpc-netbsd/include
3536	# mkdir powerpc
3537	# ln -s powerpc machine
3538	# cp /usr/src/sys/arch/powerpc/include/ansi.h powerpc/ansi.h
3539	# ${EDIT} powerpc/ansi.h	## must remove __va_list, _BSD_VA_LIST
3540
3541Native builds *don't* work due to incompatibilities between native
3542and U-Boot include files.
3543
3544Booting assumes that (the first part of) the image booted is a
3545stage-2 loader which in turn loads and then invokes the kernel
3546proper. Loader sources will eventually appear in the NetBSD source
3547tree (probably in sys/arc/mpc8xx/stand/u-boot_stage2/); in the
3548meantime, see ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/ppcboot_stage2.tar.gz
3549
3550
3551Implementation Internals:
3552=========================
3553
3554The following is not intended to be a complete description of every
3555implementation detail. However, it should help to understand the
3556inner workings of U-Boot and make it easier to port it to custom
3557hardware.
3558
3559
3560Initial Stack, Global Data:
3561---------------------------
3562
3563The implementation of U-Boot is complicated by the fact that U-Boot
3564starts running out of ROM (flash memory), usually without access to
3565system RAM (because the memory controller is not initialized yet).
3566This means that we don't have writable Data or BSS segments, and BSS
3567is not initialized as zero. To be able to get a C environment working
3568at all, we have to allocate at least a minimal stack. Implementation
3569options for this are defined and restricted by the CPU used: Some CPU
3570models provide on-chip memory (like the IMMR area on MPC8xx and
3571MPC826x processors), on others (parts of) the data cache can be
3572locked as (mis-) used as memory, etc.
3573
3574	Chris Hallinan posted a good summary of these issues to the
3575	u-boot-users mailing list:
3576
3577	Subject: RE: [U-Boot-Users] RE: More On Memory Bank x (nothingness)?
3578	From: "Chris Hallinan" <clh@net1plus.com>
3579	Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2003 16:43:46 -0500 (22:43 MET)
3580	...
3581
3582	Correct me if I'm wrong, folks, but the way I understand it
3583	is this: Using DCACHE as initial RAM for Stack, etc, does not
3584	require any physical RAM backing up the cache. The cleverness
3585	is that the cache is being used as a temporary supply of
3586	necessary storage before the SDRAM controller is setup. It's
3587	beyond the scope of this list to expain the details, but you
3588	can see how this works by studying the cache architecture and
3589	operation in the architecture and processor-specific manuals.
3590
3591	OCM is On Chip Memory, which I believe the 405GP has 4K. It
3592	is another option for the system designer to use as an
3593	initial stack/ram area prior to SDRAM being available. Either
3594	option should work for you. Using CS 4 should be fine if your
3595	board designers haven't used it for something that would
3596	cause you grief during the initial boot! It is frequently not
3597	used.
3598
3599	CFG_INIT_RAM_ADDR should be somewhere that won't interfere
3600	with your processor/board/system design. The default value
3601	you will find in any recent u-boot distribution in
3602	walnut.h should work for you. I'd set it to a value larger
3603	than your SDRAM module. If you have a 64MB SDRAM module, set
3604	it above 400_0000. Just make sure your board has no resources
3605	that are supposed to respond to that address! That code in
3606	start.S has been around a while and should work as is when
3607	you get the config right.
3608
3609	-Chris Hallinan
3610	DS4.COM, Inc.
3611
3612It is essential to remember this, since it has some impact on the C
3613code for the initialization procedures:
3614
3615* Initialized global data (data segment) is read-only. Do not attempt
3616  to write it.
3617
3618* Do not use any unitialized global data (or implicitely initialized
3619  as zero data - BSS segment) at all - this is undefined, initiali-
3620  zation is performed later (when relocating to RAM).
3621
3622* Stack space is very limited. Avoid big data buffers or things like
3623  that.
3624
3625Having only the stack as writable memory limits means we cannot use
3626normal global data to share information beween the code. But it
3627turned out that the implementation of U-Boot can be greatly
3628simplified by making a global data structure (gd_t) available to all
3629functions. We could pass a pointer to this data as argument to _all_
3630functions, but this would bloat the code. Instead we use a feature of
3631the GCC compiler (Global Register Variables) to share the data: we
3632place a pointer (gd) to the global data into a register which we
3633reserve for this purpose.
3634
3635When choosing a register for such a purpose we are restricted by the
3636relevant  (E)ABI  specifications for the current architecture, and by
3637GCC's implementation.
3638
3639For PowerPC, the following registers have specific use:
3640	R1:	stack pointer
3641	R2:	reserved for system use
3642	R3-R4:	parameter passing and return values
3643	R5-R10: parameter passing
3644	R13:	small data area pointer
3645	R30:	GOT pointer
3646	R31:	frame pointer
3647
3648	(U-Boot also uses R14 as internal GOT pointer.)
3649
3650    ==> U-Boot will use R2 to hold a pointer to the global data
3651
3652    Note: on PPC, we could use a static initializer (since the
3653    address of the global data structure is known at compile time),
3654    but it turned out that reserving a register results in somewhat
3655    smaller code - although the code savings are not that big (on
3656    average for all boards 752 bytes for the whole U-Boot image,
3657    624 text + 127 data).
3658
3659On Blackfin, the normal C ABI (except for P5) is followed as documented here:
3660	http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=application_binary_interface
3661
3662    ==> U-Boot will use P5 to hold a pointer to the global data
3663
3664On ARM, the following registers are used:
3665
3666	R0:	function argument word/integer result
3667	R1-R3:	function argument word
3668	R9:	GOT pointer
3669	R10:	stack limit (used only if stack checking if enabled)
3670	R11:	argument (frame) pointer
3671	R12:	temporary workspace
3672	R13:	stack pointer
3673	R14:	link register
3674	R15:	program counter
3675
3676    ==> U-Boot will use R8 to hold a pointer to the global data
3677
3678NOTE: DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR must be used with file-global scope,
3679or current versions of GCC may "optimize" the code too much.
3680
3681Memory Management:
3682------------------
3683
3684U-Boot runs in system state and uses physical addresses, i.e. the
3685MMU is not used either for address mapping nor for memory protection.
3686
3687The available memory is mapped to fixed addresses using the memory
3688controller. In this process, a contiguous block is formed for each
3689memory type (Flash, SDRAM, SRAM), even when it consists of several
3690physical memory banks.
3691
3692U-Boot is installed in the first 128 kB of the first Flash bank (on
3693TQM8xxL modules this is the range 0x40000000 ... 0x4001FFFF). After
3694booting and sizing and initializing DRAM, the code relocates itself
3695to the upper end of DRAM. Immediately below the U-Boot code some
3696memory is reserved for use by malloc() [see CFG_MALLOC_LEN
3697configuration setting]. Below that, a structure with global Board
3698Info data is placed, followed by the stack (growing downward).
3699
3700Additionally, some exception handler code is copied to the low 8 kB
3701of DRAM (0x00000000 ... 0x00001FFF).
3702
3703So a typical memory configuration with 16 MB of DRAM could look like
3704this:
3705
3706	0x0000 0000	Exception Vector code
3707	      :
3708	0x0000 1FFF
3709	0x0000 2000	Free for Application Use
3710	      :
3711	      :
3712
3713	      :
3714	      :
3715	0x00FB FF20	Monitor Stack (Growing downward)
3716	0x00FB FFAC	Board Info Data and permanent copy of global data
3717	0x00FC 0000	Malloc Arena
3718	      :
3719	0x00FD FFFF
3720	0x00FE 0000	RAM Copy of Monitor Code
3721	...		eventually: LCD or video framebuffer
3722	...		eventually: pRAM (Protected RAM - unchanged by reset)
3723	0x00FF FFFF	[End of RAM]
3724
3725
3726System Initialization:
3727----------------------
3728
3729In the reset configuration, U-Boot starts at the reset entry point
3730(on most PowerPC systens at address 0x00000100). Because of the reset
3731configuration for CS0# this is a mirror of the onboard Flash memory.
3732To be able to re-map memory U-Boot then jumps to its link address.
3733To be able to implement the initialization code in C, a (small!)
3734initial stack is set up in the internal Dual Ported RAM (in case CPUs
3735which provide such a feature like MPC8xx or MPC8260), or in a locked
3736part of the data cache. After that, U-Boot initializes the CPU core,
3737the caches and the SIU.
3738
3739Next, all (potentially) available memory banks are mapped using a
3740preliminary mapping. For example, we put them on 512 MB boundaries
3741(multiples of 0x20000000: SDRAM on 0x00000000 and 0x20000000, Flash
3742on 0x40000000 and 0x60000000, SRAM on 0x80000000). Then UPM A is
3743programmed for SDRAM access. Using the temporary configuration, a
3744simple memory test is run that determines the size of the SDRAM
3745banks.
3746
3747When there is more than one SDRAM bank, and the banks are of
3748different size, the largest is mapped first. For equal size, the first
3749bank (CS2#) is mapped first. The first mapping is always for address
37500x00000000, with any additional banks following immediately to create
3751contiguous memory starting from 0.
3752
3753Then, the monitor installs itself at the upper end of the SDRAM area
3754and allocates memory for use by malloc() and for the global Board
3755Info data; also, the exception vector code is copied to the low RAM
3756pages, and the final stack is set up.
3757
3758Only after this relocation will you have a "normal" C environment;
3759until that you are restricted in several ways, mostly because you are
3760running from ROM, and because the code will have to be relocated to a
3761new address in RAM.
3762
3763
3764U-Boot Porting Guide:
3765----------------------
3766
3767[Based on messages by Jerry Van Baren in the U-Boot-Users mailing
3768list, October 2002]
3769
3770
3771int main (int argc, char *argv[])
3772{
3773	sighandler_t no_more_time;
3774
3775	signal (SIGALRM, no_more_time);
3776	alarm (PROJECT_DEADLINE - toSec (3 * WEEK));
3777
3778	if (available_money > available_manpower) {
3779		pay consultant to port U-Boot;
3780		return 0;
3781	}
3782
3783	Download latest U-Boot source;
3784
3785	Subscribe to u-boot-users mailing list;
3786
3787	if (clueless) {
3788		email ("Hi, I am new to U-Boot, how do I get started?");
3789	}
3790
3791	while (learning) {
3792		Read the README file in the top level directory;
3793		Read http://www.denx.de/twiki/bin/view/DULG/Manual ;
3794		Read the source, Luke;
3795	}
3796
3797	if (available_money > toLocalCurrency ($2500)) {
3798		Buy a BDI2000;
3799	} else {
3800		Add a lot of aggravation and time;
3801	}
3802
3803	Create your own board support subdirectory;
3804
3805	Create your own board config file;
3806
3807	while (!running) {
3808		do {
3809			Add / modify source code;
3810		} until (compiles);
3811		Debug;
3812		if (clueless)
3813			email ("Hi, I am having problems...");
3814	}
3815	Send patch file to Wolfgang;
3816
3817	return 0;
3818}
3819
3820void no_more_time (int sig)
3821{
3822      hire_a_guru();
3823}
3824
3825
3826Coding Standards:
3827-----------------
3828
3829All contributions to U-Boot should conform to the Linux kernel
3830coding style; see the file "Documentation/CodingStyle" and the script
3831"scripts/Lindent" in your Linux kernel source directory.  In sources
3832originating from U-Boot a style corresponding to "Lindent -pcs" (adding
3833spaces before parameters to function calls) is actually used.
3834
3835Source files originating from a different project (for example the
3836MTD subsystem) are generally exempt from these guidelines and are not
3837reformated to ease subsequent migration to newer versions of those
3838sources.
3839
3840Please note that U-Boot is implemented in C (and to some small parts in
3841Assembler); no C++ is used, so please do not use C++ style comments (//)
3842in your code.
3843
3844Please also stick to the following formatting rules:
3845- remove any trailing white space
3846- use TAB characters for indentation, not spaces
3847- make sure NOT to use DOS '\r\n' line feeds
3848- do not add more than 2 empty lines to source files
3849- do not add trailing empty lines to source files
3850
3851Submissions which do not conform to the standards may be returned
3852with a request to reformat the changes.
3853
3854
3855Submitting Patches:
3856-------------------
3857
3858Since the number of patches for U-Boot is growing, we need to
3859establish some rules. Submissions which do not conform to these rules
3860may be rejected, even when they contain important and valuable stuff.
3861
3862Patches shall be sent to the u-boot-users mailing list.
3863
3864Please see http://www.denx.de/wiki/UBoot/Patches for details.
3865
3866When you send a patch, please include the following information with
3867it:
3868
3869* For bug fixes: a description of the bug and how your patch fixes
3870  this bug. Please try to include a way of demonstrating that the
3871  patch actually fixes something.
3872
3873* For new features: a description of the feature and your
3874  implementation.
3875
3876* A CHANGELOG entry as plaintext (separate from the patch)
3877
3878* For major contributions, your entry to the CREDITS file
3879
3880* When you add support for a new board, don't forget to add this
3881  board to the MAKEALL script, too.
3882
3883* If your patch adds new configuration options, don't forget to
3884  document these in the README file.
3885
3886* The patch itself. If you are using git (which is *strongly*
3887  recommended) you can easily generate the patch using the
3888  "git-format-patch". If you then use "git-send-email" to send it to
3889  the U-Boot mailing list, you will avoid most of the common problems
3890  with some other mail clients.
3891
3892  If you cannot use git, use "diff -purN OLD NEW". If your version of
3893  diff does not support these options, then get the latest version of
3894  GNU diff.
3895
3896  The current directory when running this command shall be the parent
3897  directory of the U-Boot source tree (i. e. please make sure that
3898  your patch includes sufficient directory information for the
3899  affected files).
3900
3901  We prefer patches as plain text. MIME attachments are discouraged,
3902  and compressed attachments must not be used.
3903
3904* If one logical set of modifications affects or creates several
3905  files, all these changes shall be submitted in a SINGLE patch file.
3906
3907* Changesets that contain different, unrelated modifications shall be
3908  submitted as SEPARATE patches, one patch per changeset.
3909
3910
3911Notes:
3912
3913* Before sending the patch, run the MAKEALL script on your patched
3914  source tree and make sure that no errors or warnings are reported
3915  for any of the boards.
3916
3917* Keep your modifications to the necessary minimum: A patch
3918  containing several unrelated changes or arbitrary reformats will be
3919  returned with a request to re-formatting / split it.
3920
3921* If you modify existing code, make sure that your new code does not
3922  add to the memory footprint of the code ;-) Small is beautiful!
3923  When adding new features, these should compile conditionally only
3924  (using #ifdef), and the resulting code with the new feature
3925  disabled must not need more memory than the old code without your
3926  modification.
3927
3928* Remember that there is a size limit of 40 kB per message on the
3929  u-boot-users mailing list. Bigger patches will be moderated. If
3930  they are reasonable and not bigger than 100 kB, they will be
3931  acknowledged. Even bigger patches should be avoided.
3932