xref: /rk3399_rockchip-uboot/README (revision 40cb90ee2b97db1f697e1b54f19a548ffc96d71b)
1#
2# (C) Copyright 2000 - 2008
3# Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
4#
5# See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
6# project.
7#
8# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
9# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
10# published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
11# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
12#
13# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	See the
16# GNU General Public License for more details.
17#
18# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
20# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
21# MA 02111-1307 USA
22#
23
24Summary:
25========
26
27This directory contains the source code for U-Boot, a boot loader for
28Embedded boards based on PowerPC, ARM, MIPS and several other
29processors, which can be installed in a boot ROM and used to
30initialize and test the hardware or to download and run application
31code.
32
33The development of U-Boot is closely related to Linux: some parts of
34the source code originate in the Linux source tree, we have some
35header files in common, and special provision has been made to
36support booting of Linux images.
37
38Some attention has been paid to make this software easily
39configurable and extendable. For instance, all monitor commands are
40implemented with the same call interface, so that it's very easy to
41add new commands. Also, instead of permanently adding rarely used
42code (for instance hardware test utilities) to the monitor, you can
43load and run it dynamically.
44
45
46Status:
47=======
48
49In general, all boards for which a configuration option exists in the
50Makefile have been tested to some extent and can be considered
51"working". In fact, many of them are used in production systems.
52
53In case of problems see the CHANGELOG and CREDITS files to find out
54who contributed the specific port. The MAINTAINERS file lists board
55maintainers.
56
57
58Where to get help:
59==================
60
61In case you have questions about, problems with or contributions for
62U-Boot you should send a message to the U-Boot mailing list at
63<u-boot-users@lists.sourceforge.net>. There is also an archive of
64previous traffic on the mailing list - please search the archive
65before asking FAQ's. Please see
66http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/u-boot-users/
67
68
69Where to get source code:
70=========================
71
72The U-Boot source code is maintained in the git repository at
73git://www.denx.de/git/u-boot.git ; you can browse it online at
74http://www.denx.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=u-boot.git;a=summary
75
76The "snapshot" links on this page allow you to download tarballs of
77any version you might be interested in. Ofifcial releases are also
78available for FTP download from the ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/
79directory.
80
81Pre-built (and tested) images are available from
82ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/images/
83
84
85Where we come from:
86===================
87
88- start from 8xxrom sources
89- create PPCBoot project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/ppcboot)
90- clean up code
91- make it easier to add custom boards
92- make it possible to add other [PowerPC] CPUs
93- extend functions, especially:
94  * Provide extended interface to Linux boot loader
95  * S-Record download
96  * network boot
97  * PCMCIA / CompactFLash / ATA disk / SCSI ... boot
98- create ARMBoot project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/armboot)
99- add other CPU families (starting with ARM)
100- create U-Boot project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/u-boot)
101- current project page: see http://www.denx.de/wiki/UBoot
102
103
104Names and Spelling:
105===================
106
107The "official" name of this project is "Das U-Boot". The spelling
108"U-Boot" shall be used in all written text (documentation, comments
109in source files etc.). Example:
110
111	This is the README file for the U-Boot project.
112
113File names etc. shall be based on the string "u-boot". Examples:
114
115	include/asm-ppc/u-boot.h
116
117	#include <asm/u-boot.h>
118
119Variable names, preprocessor constants etc. shall be either based on
120the string "u_boot" or on "U_BOOT". Example:
121
122	U_BOOT_VERSION		u_boot_logo
123	IH_OS_U_BOOT		u_boot_hush_start
124
125
126Versioning:
127===========
128
129U-Boot uses a 3 level version number containing a version, a
130sub-version, and a patchlevel: "U-Boot-2.34.5" means version "2",
131sub-version "34", and patchlevel "4".
132
133The patchlevel is used to indicate certain stages of development
134between released versions, i. e. officially released versions of
135U-Boot will always have a patchlevel of "0".
136
137
138Directory Hierarchy:
139====================
140
141- board		Board dependent files
142- common	Misc architecture independent functions
143- cpu		CPU specific files
144  - 74xx_7xx	Files specific to Freescale MPC74xx and 7xx CPUs
145  - arm720t	Files specific to ARM 720 CPUs
146  - arm920t	Files specific to ARM 920 CPUs
147    - at91rm9200 Files specific to Atmel AT91RM9200 CPU
148    - imx	Files specific to Freescale MC9328 i.MX CPUs
149    - s3c24x0	Files specific to Samsung S3C24X0 CPUs
150  - arm925t	Files specific to ARM 925 CPUs
151  - arm926ejs	Files specific to ARM 926 CPUs
152  - arm1136	Files specific to ARM 1136 CPUs
153  - at32ap	Files specific to Atmel AVR32 AP CPUs
154  - i386	Files specific to i386 CPUs
155  - ixp		Files specific to Intel XScale IXP CPUs
156  - leon2	Files specific to Gaisler LEON2 SPARC CPU
157  - leon3	Files specific to Gaisler LEON3 SPARC CPU
158  - mcf52x2	Files specific to Freescale ColdFire MCF52x2 CPUs
159  - mcf5227x	Files specific to Freescale ColdFire MCF5227x CPUs
160  - mcf532x	Files specific to Freescale ColdFire MCF5329 CPUs
161  - mcf5445x	Files specific to Freescale ColdFire MCF5445x CPUs
162  - mcf547x_8x	Files specific to Freescale ColdFire MCF547x_8x CPUs
163  - mips	Files specific to MIPS CPUs
164  - mpc5xx	Files specific to Freescale MPC5xx  CPUs
165  - mpc5xxx	Files specific to Freescale MPC5xxx CPUs
166  - mpc8xx	Files specific to Freescale MPC8xx  CPUs
167  - mpc8220	Files specific to Freescale MPC8220 CPUs
168  - mpc824x	Files specific to Freescale MPC824x CPUs
169  - mpc8260	Files specific to Freescale MPC8260 CPUs
170  - mpc85xx	Files specific to Freescale MPC85xx CPUs
171  - nios	Files specific to Altera NIOS CPUs
172  - nios2	Files specific to Altera Nios-II CPUs
173  - ppc4xx	Files specific to AMCC PowerPC 4xx CPUs
174  - pxa		Files specific to Intel XScale PXA CPUs
175  - s3c44b0	Files specific to Samsung S3C44B0 CPUs
176  - sa1100	Files specific to Intel StrongARM SA1100 CPUs
177- disk		Code for disk drive partition handling
178- doc		Documentation (don't expect too much)
179- drivers	Commonly used device drivers
180- dtt		Digital Thermometer and Thermostat drivers
181- examples	Example code for standalone applications, etc.
182- include	Header Files
183- lib_arm	Files generic to ARM	 architecture
184- lib_avr32	Files generic to AVR32	 architecture
185- lib_generic	Files generic to all	 architectures
186- lib_i386	Files generic to i386	 architecture
187- lib_m68k	Files generic to m68k	 architecture
188- lib_mips	Files generic to MIPS	 architecture
189- lib_nios	Files generic to NIOS	 architecture
190- lib_ppc	Files generic to PowerPC architecture
191- lib_sparc	Files generic to SPARC	 architecture
192- libfdt	Library files to support flattened device trees
193- net		Networking code
194- post		Power On Self Test
195- rtc		Real Time Clock drivers
196- tools		Tools to build S-Record or U-Boot images, etc.
197
198Software Configuration:
199=======================
200
201Configuration is usually done using C preprocessor defines; the
202rationale behind that is to avoid dead code whenever possible.
203
204There are two classes of configuration variables:
205
206* Configuration _OPTIONS_:
207  These are selectable by the user and have names beginning with
208  "CONFIG_".
209
210* Configuration _SETTINGS_:
211  These depend on the hardware etc. and should not be meddled with if
212  you don't know what you're doing; they have names beginning with
213  "CFG_".
214
215Later we will add a configuration tool - probably similar to or even
216identical to what's used for the Linux kernel. Right now, we have to
217do the configuration by hand, which means creating some symbolic
218links and editing some configuration files. We use the TQM8xxL boards
219as an example here.
220
221
222Selection of Processor Architecture and Board Type:
223---------------------------------------------------
224
225For all supported boards there are ready-to-use default
226configurations available; just type "make <board_name>_config".
227
228Example: For a TQM823L module type:
229
230	cd u-boot
231	make TQM823L_config
232
233For the Cogent platform, you need to specify the cpu type as well;
234e.g. "make cogent_mpc8xx_config". And also configure the cogent
235directory according to the instructions in cogent/README.
236
237
238Configuration Options:
239----------------------
240
241Configuration depends on the combination of board and CPU type; all
242such information is kept in a configuration file
243"include/configs/<board_name>.h".
244
245Example: For a TQM823L module, all configuration settings are in
246"include/configs/TQM823L.h".
247
248
249Many of the options are named exactly as the corresponding Linux
250kernel configuration options. The intention is to make it easier to
251build a config tool - later.
252
253
254The following options need to be configured:
255
256- CPU Type:	Define exactly one, e.g. CONFIG_MPC85XX.
257
258- Board Type:	Define exactly one, e.g. CONFIG_MPC8540ADS.
259
260- CPU Daughterboard Type: (if CONFIG_ATSTK1000 is defined)
261		Define exactly one, e.g. CONFIG_ATSTK1002
262
263- CPU Module Type: (if CONFIG_COGENT is defined)
264		Define exactly one of
265		CONFIG_CMA286_60_OLD
266--- FIXME --- not tested yet:
267		CONFIG_CMA286_60, CONFIG_CMA286_21, CONFIG_CMA286_60P,
268		CONFIG_CMA287_23, CONFIG_CMA287_50
269
270- Motherboard Type: (if CONFIG_COGENT is defined)
271		Define exactly one of
272		CONFIG_CMA101, CONFIG_CMA102
273
274- Motherboard I/O Modules: (if CONFIG_COGENT is defined)
275		Define one or more of
276		CONFIG_CMA302
277
278- Motherboard Options: (if CONFIG_CMA101 or CONFIG_CMA102 are defined)
279		Define one or more of
280		CONFIG_LCD_HEARTBEAT	- update a character position on
281					  the lcd display every second with
282					  a "rotator" |\-/|\-/
283
284- Board flavour: (if CONFIG_MPC8260ADS is defined)
285		CONFIG_ADSTYPE
286		Possible values are:
287			CFG_8260ADS	- original MPC8260ADS
288			CFG_8266ADS	- MPC8266ADS
289			CFG_PQ2FADS	- PQ2FADS-ZU or PQ2FADS-VR
290			CFG_8272ADS	- MPC8272ADS
291
292- MPC824X Family Member (if CONFIG_MPC824X is defined)
293		Define exactly one of
294		CONFIG_MPC8240, CONFIG_MPC8245
295
296- 8xx CPU Options: (if using an MPC8xx cpu)
297		CONFIG_8xx_GCLK_FREQ	- deprecated: CPU clock if
298					  get_gclk_freq() cannot work
299					  e.g. if there is no 32KHz
300					  reference PIT/RTC clock
301		CONFIG_8xx_OSCLK	- PLL input clock (either EXTCLK
302					  or XTAL/EXTAL)
303
304- 859/866/885 CPU options: (if using a MPC859 or MPC866 or MPC885 CPU):
305		CFG_8xx_CPUCLK_MIN
306		CFG_8xx_CPUCLK_MAX
307		CONFIG_8xx_CPUCLK_DEFAULT
308			See doc/README.MPC866
309
310		CFG_MEASURE_CPUCLK
311
312		Define this to measure the actual CPU clock instead
313		of relying on the correctness of the configured
314		values. Mostly useful for board bringup to make sure
315		the PLL is locked at the intended frequency. Note
316		that this requires a (stable) reference clock (32 kHz
317		RTC clock or CFG_8XX_XIN)
318
319- Intel Monahans options:
320		CFG_MONAHANS_RUN_MODE_OSC_RATIO
321
322		Defines the Monahans run mode to oscillator
323		ratio. Valid values are 8, 16, 24, 31. The core
324		frequency is this value multiplied by 13 MHz.
325
326		CFG_MONAHANS_TURBO_RUN_MODE_RATIO
327
328		Defines the Monahans turbo mode to oscillator
329		ratio. Valid values are 1 (default if undefined) and
330		2. The core frequency as calculated above is multiplied
331		by this value.
332
333- Linux Kernel Interface:
334		CONFIG_CLOCKS_IN_MHZ
335
336		U-Boot stores all clock information in Hz
337		internally. For binary compatibility with older Linux
338		kernels (which expect the clocks passed in the
339		bd_info data to be in MHz) the environment variable
340		"clocks_in_mhz" can be defined so that U-Boot
341		converts clock data to MHZ before passing it to the
342		Linux kernel.
343		When CONFIG_CLOCKS_IN_MHZ is defined, a definition of
344		"clocks_in_mhz=1" is automatically included in the
345		default environment.
346
347		CONFIG_MEMSIZE_IN_BYTES		[relevant for MIPS only]
348
349		When transfering memsize parameter to linux, some versions
350		expect it to be in bytes, others in MB.
351		Define CONFIG_MEMSIZE_IN_BYTES to make it in bytes.
352
353		CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT / CONFIG_OF_FLAT_TREE
354
355		New kernel versions are expecting firmware settings to be
356		passed using flattened device trees (based on open firmware
357		concepts).
358
359		CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT
360		 * New libfdt-based support
361		 * Adds the "fdt" command
362		 * The bootm command automatically updates the fdt
363
364		CONFIG_OF_FLAT_TREE
365		 * Deprecated, see CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT
366		 * Original ft_build.c-based support
367		 * Automatically modifies the dft as part of the bootm command
368		 * The environment variable "disable_of", when set,
369		     disables this functionality.
370
371		OF_CPU - The proper name of the cpus node.
372		OF_SOC - The proper name of the soc node.
373		OF_TBCLK - The timebase frequency.
374		OF_STDOUT_PATH - The path to the console device
375
376		boards with QUICC Engines require OF_QE to set UCC mac addresses
377
378		CONFIG_OF_BOARD_SETUP
379
380		Board code has addition modification that it wants to make
381		to the flat device tree before handing it off to the kernel
382
383		CONFIG_OF_BOOT_CPU
384
385		This define fills in the correct boot cpu in the boot
386		param header, the default value is zero if undefined.
387
388- Serial Ports:
389		CFG_PL010_SERIAL
390
391		Define this if you want support for Amba PrimeCell PL010 UARTs.
392
393		CFG_PL011_SERIAL
394
395		Define this if you want support for Amba PrimeCell PL011 UARTs.
396
397		CONFIG_PL011_CLOCK
398
399		If you have Amba PrimeCell PL011 UARTs, set this variable to
400		the clock speed of the UARTs.
401
402		CONFIG_PL01x_PORTS
403
404		If you have Amba PrimeCell PL010 or PL011 UARTs on your board,
405		define this to a list of base addresses for each (supported)
406		port. See e.g. include/configs/versatile.h
407
408
409- Console Interface:
410		Depending on board, define exactly one serial port
411		(like CONFIG_8xx_CONS_SMC1, CONFIG_8xx_CONS_SMC2,
412		CONFIG_8xx_CONS_SCC1, ...), or switch off the serial
413		console by defining CONFIG_8xx_CONS_NONE
414
415		Note: if CONFIG_8xx_CONS_NONE is defined, the serial
416		port routines must be defined elsewhere
417		(i.e. serial_init(), serial_getc(), ...)
418
419		CONFIG_CFB_CONSOLE
420		Enables console device for a color framebuffer. Needs following
421		defines (cf. smiLynxEM, i8042, board/eltec/bab7xx)
422			VIDEO_FB_LITTLE_ENDIAN	graphic memory organisation
423						(default big endian)
424			VIDEO_HW_RECTFILL	graphic chip supports
425						rectangle fill
426						(cf. smiLynxEM)
427			VIDEO_HW_BITBLT		graphic chip supports
428						bit-blit (cf. smiLynxEM)
429			VIDEO_VISIBLE_COLS	visible pixel columns
430						(cols=pitch)
431			VIDEO_VISIBLE_ROWS	visible pixel rows
432			VIDEO_PIXEL_SIZE	bytes per pixel
433			VIDEO_DATA_FORMAT	graphic data format
434						(0-5, cf. cfb_console.c)
435			VIDEO_FB_ADRS		framebuffer address
436			VIDEO_KBD_INIT_FCT	keyboard int fct
437						(i.e. i8042_kbd_init())
438			VIDEO_TSTC_FCT		test char fct
439						(i.e. i8042_tstc)
440			VIDEO_GETC_FCT		get char fct
441						(i.e. i8042_getc)
442			CONFIG_CONSOLE_CURSOR	cursor drawing on/off
443						(requires blink timer
444						cf. i8042.c)
445			CFG_CONSOLE_BLINK_COUNT blink interval (cf. i8042.c)
446			CONFIG_CONSOLE_TIME	display time/date info in
447						upper right corner
448						(requires CONFIG_CMD_DATE)
449			CONFIG_VIDEO_LOGO	display Linux logo in
450						upper left corner
451			CONFIG_VIDEO_BMP_LOGO	use bmp_logo.h instead of
452						linux_logo.h for logo.
453						Requires CONFIG_VIDEO_LOGO
454			CONFIG_CONSOLE_EXTRA_INFO
455						addional board info beside
456						the logo
457
458		When CONFIG_CFB_CONSOLE is defined, video console is
459		default i/o. Serial console can be forced with
460		environment 'console=serial'.
461
462		When CONFIG_SILENT_CONSOLE is defined, all console
463		messages (by U-Boot and Linux!) can be silenced with
464		the "silent" environment variable. See
465		doc/README.silent for more information.
466
467- Console Baudrate:
468		CONFIG_BAUDRATE - in bps
469		Select one of the baudrates listed in
470		CFG_BAUDRATE_TABLE, see below.
471		CFG_BRGCLK_PRESCALE, baudrate prescale
472
473- Interrupt driven serial port input:
474		CONFIG_SERIAL_SOFTWARE_FIFO
475
476		PPC405GP only.
477		Use an interrupt handler for receiving data on the
478		serial port. It also enables using hardware handshake
479		(RTS/CTS) and UART's built-in FIFO. Set the number of
480		bytes the interrupt driven input buffer should have.
481
482		Leave undefined to disable this feature, including
483		disable the buffer and hardware handshake.
484
485- Console UART Number:
486		CONFIG_UART1_CONSOLE
487
488		AMCC PPC4xx only.
489		If defined internal UART1 (and not UART0) is used
490		as default U-Boot console.
491
492- Boot Delay:	CONFIG_BOOTDELAY - in seconds
493		Delay before automatically booting the default image;
494		set to -1 to disable autoboot.
495
496		See doc/README.autoboot for these options that
497		work with CONFIG_BOOTDELAY. None are required.
498		CONFIG_BOOT_RETRY_TIME
499		CONFIG_BOOT_RETRY_MIN
500		CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_KEYED
501		CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_PROMPT
502		CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_DELAY_STR
503		CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_STOP_STR
504		CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_DELAY_STR2
505		CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_STOP_STR2
506		CONFIG_ZERO_BOOTDELAY_CHECK
507		CONFIG_RESET_TO_RETRY
508
509- Autoboot Command:
510		CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND
511		Only needed when CONFIG_BOOTDELAY is enabled;
512		define a command string that is automatically executed
513		when no character is read on the console interface
514		within "Boot Delay" after reset.
515
516		CONFIG_BOOTARGS
517		This can be used to pass arguments to the bootm
518		command. The value of CONFIG_BOOTARGS goes into the
519		environment value "bootargs".
520
521		CONFIG_RAMBOOT and CONFIG_NFSBOOT
522		The value of these goes into the environment as
523		"ramboot" and "nfsboot" respectively, and can be used
524		as a convenience, when switching between booting from
525		ram and nfs.
526
527- Pre-Boot Commands:
528		CONFIG_PREBOOT
529
530		When this option is #defined, the existence of the
531		environment variable "preboot" will be checked
532		immediately before starting the CONFIG_BOOTDELAY
533		countdown and/or running the auto-boot command resp.
534		entering interactive mode.
535
536		This feature is especially useful when "preboot" is
537		automatically generated or modified. For an example
538		see the LWMON board specific code: here "preboot" is
539		modified when the user holds down a certain
540		combination of keys on the (special) keyboard when
541		booting the systems
542
543- Serial Download Echo Mode:
544		CONFIG_LOADS_ECHO
545		If defined to 1, all characters received during a
546		serial download (using the "loads" command) are
547		echoed back. This might be needed by some terminal
548		emulations (like "cu"), but may as well just take
549		time on others. This setting #define's the initial
550		value of the "loads_echo" environment variable.
551
552- Kgdb Serial Baudrate: (if CONFIG_CMD_KGDB is defined)
553		CONFIG_KGDB_BAUDRATE
554		Select one of the baudrates listed in
555		CFG_BAUDRATE_TABLE, see below.
556
557- Monitor Functions:
558		Monitor commands can be included or excluded
559		from the build by using the #include files
560		"config_cmd_all.h" and #undef'ing unwanted
561		commands, or using "config_cmd_default.h"
562		and augmenting with additional #define's
563		for wanted commands.
564
565		The default command configuration includes all commands
566		except those marked below with a "*".
567
568		CONFIG_CMD_ASKENV	* ask for env variable
569		CONFIG_CMD_AUTOSCRIPT	  Autoscript Support
570		CONFIG_CMD_BDI		  bdinfo
571		CONFIG_CMD_BEDBUG	* Include BedBug Debugger
572		CONFIG_CMD_BMP		* BMP support
573		CONFIG_CMD_BSP		* Board specific commands
574		CONFIG_CMD_BOOTD	  bootd
575		CONFIG_CMD_CACHE	* icache, dcache
576		CONFIG_CMD_CONSOLE	  coninfo
577		CONFIG_CMD_DATE		* support for RTC, date/time...
578		CONFIG_CMD_DHCP		* DHCP support
579		CONFIG_CMD_DIAG		* Diagnostics
580		CONFIG_CMD_DOC		* Disk-On-Chip Support
581		CONFIG_CMD_DTT		* Digital Therm and Thermostat
582		CONFIG_CMD_ECHO		  echo arguments
583		CONFIG_CMD_EEPROM	* EEPROM read/write support
584		CONFIG_CMD_ELF		* bootelf, bootvx
585		CONFIG_CMD_ENV		  saveenv
586		CONFIG_CMD_FDC		* Floppy Disk Support
587		CONFIG_CMD_FAT		* FAT partition support
588		CONFIG_CMD_FDOS		* Dos diskette Support
589		CONFIG_CMD_FLASH	  flinfo, erase, protect
590		CONFIG_CMD_FPGA		  FPGA device initialization support
591		CONFIG_CMD_HWFLOW	* RTS/CTS hw flow control
592		CONFIG_CMD_I2C		* I2C serial bus support
593		CONFIG_CMD_IDE		* IDE harddisk support
594		CONFIG_CMD_IMI		  iminfo
595		CONFIG_CMD_IMLS		  List all found images
596		CONFIG_CMD_IMMAP	* IMMR dump support
597		CONFIG_CMD_IRQ		* irqinfo
598		CONFIG_CMD_ITEST	  Integer/string test of 2 values
599		CONFIG_CMD_JFFS2	* JFFS2 Support
600		CONFIG_CMD_KGDB		* kgdb
601		CONFIG_CMD_LOADB	  loadb
602		CONFIG_CMD_LOADS	  loads
603		CONFIG_CMD_MEMORY	  md, mm, nm, mw, cp, cmp, crc, base,
604					  loop, loopw, mtest
605		CONFIG_CMD_MISC		  Misc functions like sleep etc
606		CONFIG_CMD_MMC		* MMC memory mapped support
607		CONFIG_CMD_MII		* MII utility commands
608		CONFIG_CMD_NAND		* NAND support
609		CONFIG_CMD_NET		  bootp, tftpboot, rarpboot
610		CONFIG_CMD_PCI		* pciinfo
611		CONFIG_CMD_PCMCIA		* PCMCIA support
612		CONFIG_CMD_PING		* send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network
613					  host
614		CONFIG_CMD_PORTIO	* Port I/O
615		CONFIG_CMD_REGINFO	* Register dump
616		CONFIG_CMD_RUN		  run command in env variable
617		CONFIG_CMD_SAVES	* save S record dump
618		CONFIG_CMD_SCSI		* SCSI Support
619		CONFIG_CMD_SDRAM	* print SDRAM configuration information
620					  (requires CONFIG_CMD_I2C)
621		CONFIG_CMD_SETGETDCR	  Support for DCR Register access
622					  (4xx only)
623		CONFIG_CMD_SPI		* SPI serial bus support
624		CONFIG_CMD_USB		* USB support
625		CONFIG_CMD_VFD		* VFD support (TRAB)
626		CONFIG_CMD_BSP		* Board SPecific functions
627		CONFIG_CMD_CDP		* Cisco Discover Protocol support
628		CONFIG_CMD_FSL		* Microblaze FSL support
629
630
631		EXAMPLE: If you want all functions except of network
632		support you can write:
633
634		#include "config_cmd_all.h"
635		#undef CONFIG_CMD_NET
636
637	Other Commands:
638		fdt (flattened device tree) command: CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT
639
640	Note:	Don't enable the "icache" and "dcache" commands
641		(configuration option CONFIG_CMD_CACHE) unless you know
642		what you (and your U-Boot users) are doing. Data
643		cache cannot be enabled on systems like the 8xx or
644		8260 (where accesses to the IMMR region must be
645		uncached), and it cannot be disabled on all other
646		systems where we (mis-) use the data cache to hold an
647		initial stack and some data.
648
649
650		XXX - this list needs to get updated!
651
652- Watchdog:
653		CONFIG_WATCHDOG
654		If this variable is defined, it enables watchdog
655		support. There must be support in the platform specific
656		code for a watchdog. For the 8xx and 8260 CPUs, the
657		SIU Watchdog feature is enabled in the SYPCR
658		register.
659
660- U-Boot Version:
661		CONFIG_VERSION_VARIABLE
662		If this variable is defined, an environment variable
663		named "ver" is created by U-Boot showing the U-Boot
664		version as printed by the "version" command.
665		This variable is readonly.
666
667- Real-Time Clock:
668
669		When CONFIG_CMD_DATE is selected, the type of the RTC
670		has to be selected, too. Define exactly one of the
671		following options:
672
673		CONFIG_RTC_MPC8xx	- use internal RTC of MPC8xx
674		CONFIG_RTC_PCF8563	- use Philips PCF8563 RTC
675		CONFIG_RTC_MC13783	- use MC13783 RTC
676		CONFIG_RTC_MC146818	- use MC146818 RTC
677		CONFIG_RTC_DS1307	- use Maxim, Inc. DS1307 RTC
678		CONFIG_RTC_DS1337	- use Maxim, Inc. DS1337 RTC
679		CONFIG_RTC_DS1338	- use Maxim, Inc. DS1338 RTC
680		CONFIG_RTC_DS164x	- use Dallas DS164x RTC
681		CONFIG_RTC_ISL1208	- use Intersil ISL1208 RTC
682		CONFIG_RTC_MAX6900	- use Maxim, Inc. MAX6900 RTC
683		CFG_RTC_DS1337_NOOSC	- Turn off the OSC output for DS1337
684
685		Note that if the RTC uses I2C, then the I2C interface
686		must also be configured. See I2C Support, below.
687
688- Timestamp Support:
689
690		When CONFIG_TIMESTAMP is selected, the timestamp
691		(date and time) of an image is printed by image
692		commands like bootm or iminfo. This option is
693		automatically enabled when you select CONFIG_CMD_DATE .
694
695- Partition Support:
696		CONFIG_MAC_PARTITION and/or CONFIG_DOS_PARTITION
697		and/or CONFIG_ISO_PARTITION
698
699		If IDE or SCSI support is enabled (CONFIG_CMD_IDE or
700		CONFIG_CMD_SCSI) you must configure support for at
701		least one partition type as well.
702
703- IDE Reset method:
704		CONFIG_IDE_RESET_ROUTINE - this is defined in several
705		board configurations files but used nowhere!
706
707		CONFIG_IDE_RESET - is this is defined, IDE Reset will
708		be performed by calling the function
709			ide_set_reset(int reset)
710		which has to be defined in a board specific file
711
712- ATAPI Support:
713		CONFIG_ATAPI
714
715		Set this to enable ATAPI support.
716
717- LBA48 Support
718		CONFIG_LBA48
719
720		Set this to enable support for disks larger than 137GB
721		Also look at CFG_64BIT_LBA ,CFG_64BIT_VSPRINTF and CFG_64BIT_STRTOUL
722		Whithout these , LBA48 support uses 32bit variables and will 'only'
723		support disks up to 2.1TB.
724
725		CFG_64BIT_LBA:
726			When enabled, makes the IDE subsystem use 64bit sector addresses.
727			Default is 32bit.
728
729- SCSI Support:
730		At the moment only there is only support for the
731		SYM53C8XX SCSI controller; define
732		CONFIG_SCSI_SYM53C8XX to enable it.
733
734		CFG_SCSI_MAX_LUN [8], CFG_SCSI_MAX_SCSI_ID [7] and
735		CFG_SCSI_MAX_DEVICE [CFG_SCSI_MAX_SCSI_ID *
736		CFG_SCSI_MAX_LUN] can be adjusted to define the
737		maximum numbers of LUNs, SCSI ID's and target
738		devices.
739		CFG_SCSI_SYM53C8XX_CCF to fix clock timing (80Mhz)
740
741- NETWORK Support (PCI):
742		CONFIG_E1000
743		Support for Intel 8254x gigabit chips.
744
745		CONFIG_E1000_FALLBACK_MAC
746		default MAC for empty eeprom after production.
747
748		CONFIG_EEPRO100
749		Support for Intel 82557/82559/82559ER chips.
750		Optional CONFIG_EEPRO100_SROM_WRITE enables eeprom
751		write routine for first time initialisation.
752
753		CONFIG_TULIP
754		Support for Digital 2114x chips.
755		Optional CONFIG_TULIP_SELECT_MEDIA for board specific
756		modem chip initialisation (KS8761/QS6611).
757
758		CONFIG_NATSEMI
759		Support for National dp83815 chips.
760
761		CONFIG_NS8382X
762		Support for National dp8382[01] gigabit chips.
763
764- NETWORK Support (other):
765
766		CONFIG_DRIVER_LAN91C96
767		Support for SMSC's LAN91C96 chips.
768
769			CONFIG_LAN91C96_BASE
770			Define this to hold the physical address
771			of the LAN91C96's I/O space
772
773			CONFIG_LAN91C96_USE_32_BIT
774			Define this to enable 32 bit addressing
775
776		CONFIG_DRIVER_SMC91111
777		Support for SMSC's LAN91C111 chip
778
779			CONFIG_SMC91111_BASE
780			Define this to hold the physical address
781			of the device (I/O space)
782
783			CONFIG_SMC_USE_32_BIT
784			Define this if data bus is 32 bits
785
786			CONFIG_SMC_USE_IOFUNCS
787			Define this to use i/o functions instead of macros
788			(some hardware wont work with macros)
789
790- USB Support:
791		At the moment only the UHCI host controller is
792		supported (PIP405, MIP405, MPC5200); define
793		CONFIG_USB_UHCI to enable it.
794		define CONFIG_USB_KEYBOARD to enable the USB Keyboard
795		and define CONFIG_USB_STORAGE to enable the USB
796		storage devices.
797		Note:
798		Supported are USB Keyboards and USB Floppy drives
799		(TEAC FD-05PUB).
800		MPC5200 USB requires additional defines:
801			CONFIG_USB_CLOCK
802				for 528 MHz Clock: 0x0001bbbb
803			CONFIG_USB_CONFIG
804				for differential drivers: 0x00001000
805				for single ended drivers: 0x00005000
806			CFG_USB_EVENT_POLL
807				May be defined to allow interrupt polling
808				instead of using asynchronous interrupts
809
810- USB Device:
811		Define the below if you wish to use the USB console.
812		Once firmware is rebuilt from a serial console issue the
813		command "setenv stdin usbtty; setenv stdout usbtty" and
814		attach your usb cable. The Unix command "dmesg" should print
815		it has found a new device. The environment variable usbtty
816		can be set to gserial or cdc_acm to enable your device to
817		appear to a USB host as a Linux gserial device or a
818		Common Device Class Abstract Control Model serial device.
819		If you select usbtty = gserial you should be able to enumerate
820		a Linux host by
821		# modprobe usbserial vendor=0xVendorID product=0xProductID
822		else if using cdc_acm, simply setting the environment
823		variable usbtty to be cdc_acm should suffice. The following
824		might be defined in YourBoardName.h
825
826			CONFIG_USB_DEVICE
827			Define this to build a UDC device
828
829			CONFIG_USB_TTY
830			Define this to have a tty type of device available to
831			talk to the UDC device
832
833			CFG_CONSOLE_IS_IN_ENV
834			Define this if you want stdin, stdout &/or stderr to
835			be set to usbtty.
836
837			mpc8xx:
838				CFG_USB_EXTC_CLK 0xBLAH
839				Derive USB clock from external clock "blah"
840				- CFG_USB_EXTC_CLK 0x02
841
842				CFG_USB_BRG_CLK 0xBLAH
843				Derive USB clock from brgclk
844				- CFG_USB_BRG_CLK 0x04
845
846		If you have a USB-IF assigned VendorID then you may wish to
847		define your own vendor specific values either in BoardName.h
848		or directly in usbd_vendor_info.h. If you don't define
849		CONFIG_USBD_MANUFACTURER, CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCT_NAME,
850		CONFIG_USBD_VENDORID and CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCTID, then U-Boot
851		should pretend to be a Linux device to it's target host.
852
853			CONFIG_USBD_MANUFACTURER
854			Define this string as the name of your company for
855			- CONFIG_USBD_MANUFACTURER "my company"
856
857			CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCT_NAME
858			Define this string as the name of your product
859			- CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCT_NAME "acme usb device"
860
861			CONFIG_USBD_VENDORID
862			Define this as your assigned Vendor ID from the USB
863			Implementors Forum. This *must* be a genuine Vendor ID
864			to avoid polluting the USB namespace.
865			- CONFIG_USBD_VENDORID 0xFFFF
866
867			CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCTID
868			Define this as the unique Product ID
869			for your device
870			- CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCTID 0xFFFF
871
872
873- MMC Support:
874		The MMC controller on the Intel PXA is supported. To
875		enable this define CONFIG_MMC. The MMC can be
876		accessed from the boot prompt by mapping the device
877		to physical memory similar to flash. Command line is
878		enabled with CONFIG_CMD_MMC. The MMC driver also works with
879		the FAT fs. This is enabled with CONFIG_CMD_FAT.
880
881- Journaling Flash filesystem support:
882		CONFIG_JFFS2_NAND, CONFIG_JFFS2_NAND_OFF, CONFIG_JFFS2_NAND_SIZE,
883		CONFIG_JFFS2_NAND_DEV
884		Define these for a default partition on a NAND device
885
886		CFG_JFFS2_FIRST_SECTOR,
887		CFG_JFFS2_FIRST_BANK, CFG_JFFS2_NUM_BANKS
888		Define these for a default partition on a NOR device
889
890		CFG_JFFS_CUSTOM_PART
891		Define this to create an own partition. You have to provide a
892		function struct part_info* jffs2_part_info(int part_num)
893
894		If you define only one JFFS2 partition you may also want to
895		#define CFG_JFFS_SINGLE_PART	1
896		to disable the command chpart. This is the default when you
897		have not defined a custom partition
898
899- Keyboard Support:
900		CONFIG_ISA_KEYBOARD
901
902		Define this to enable standard (PC-Style) keyboard
903		support
904
905		CONFIG_I8042_KBD
906		Standard PC keyboard driver with US (is default) and
907		GERMAN key layout (switch via environment 'keymap=de') support.
908		Export function i8042_kbd_init, i8042_tstc and i8042_getc
909		for cfb_console. Supports cursor blinking.
910
911- Video support:
912		CONFIG_VIDEO
913
914		Define this to enable video support (for output to
915		video).
916
917		CONFIG_VIDEO_CT69000
918
919		Enable Chips & Technologies 69000 Video chip
920
921		CONFIG_VIDEO_SMI_LYNXEM
922		Enable Silicon Motion SMI 712/710/810 Video chip. The
923		video output is selected via environment 'videoout'
924		(1 = LCD and 2 = CRT). If videoout is undefined, CRT is
925		assumed.
926
927		For the CT69000 and SMI_LYNXEM drivers, videomode is
928		selected via environment 'videomode'. Two diferent ways
929		are possible:
930		- "videomode=num"   'num' is a standard LiLo mode numbers.
931		Following standard modes are supported	(* is default):
932
933		      Colors	640x480 800x600 1024x768 1152x864 1280x1024
934		-------------+---------------------------------------------
935		      8 bits |	0x301*	0x303	 0x305	  0x161	    0x307
936		     15 bits |	0x310	0x313	 0x316	  0x162	    0x319
937		     16 bits |	0x311	0x314	 0x317	  0x163	    0x31A
938		     24 bits |	0x312	0x315	 0x318	    ?	    0x31B
939		-------------+---------------------------------------------
940		(i.e. setenv videomode 317; saveenv; reset;)
941
942		- "videomode=bootargs" all the video parameters are parsed
943		from the bootargs. (See drivers/video/videomodes.c)
944
945
946		CONFIG_VIDEO_SED13806
947		Enable Epson SED13806 driver. This driver supports 8bpp
948		and 16bpp modes defined by CONFIG_VIDEO_SED13806_8BPP
949		or CONFIG_VIDEO_SED13806_16BPP
950
951- Keyboard Support:
952		CONFIG_KEYBOARD
953
954		Define this to enable a custom keyboard support.
955		This simply calls drv_keyboard_init() which must be
956		defined in your board-specific files.
957		The only board using this so far is RBC823.
958
959- LCD Support:	CONFIG_LCD
960
961		Define this to enable LCD support (for output to LCD
962		display); also select one of the supported displays
963		by defining one of these:
964
965		CONFIG_NEC_NL6448AC33:
966
967			NEC NL6448AC33-18. Active, color, single scan.
968
969		CONFIG_NEC_NL6448BC20
970
971			NEC NL6448BC20-08. 6.5", 640x480.
972			Active, color, single scan.
973
974		CONFIG_NEC_NL6448BC33_54
975
976			NEC NL6448BC33-54. 10.4", 640x480.
977			Active, color, single scan.
978
979		CONFIG_SHARP_16x9
980
981			Sharp 320x240. Active, color, single scan.
982			It isn't 16x9, and I am not sure what it is.
983
984		CONFIG_SHARP_LQ64D341
985
986			Sharp LQ64D341 display, 640x480.
987			Active, color, single scan.
988
989		CONFIG_HLD1045
990
991			HLD1045 display, 640x480.
992			Active, color, single scan.
993
994		CONFIG_OPTREX_BW
995
996			Optrex	 CBL50840-2 NF-FW 99 22 M5
997			or
998			Hitachi	 LMG6912RPFC-00T
999			or
1000			Hitachi	 SP14Q002
1001
1002			320x240. Black & white.
1003
1004		Normally display is black on white background; define
1005		CFG_WHITE_ON_BLACK to get it inverted.
1006
1007- Splash Screen Support: CONFIG_SPLASH_SCREEN
1008
1009		If this option is set, the environment is checked for
1010		a variable "splashimage". If found, the usual display
1011		of logo, copyright and system information on the LCD
1012		is suppressed and the BMP image at the address
1013		specified in "splashimage" is loaded instead. The
1014		console is redirected to the "nulldev", too. This
1015		allows for a "silent" boot where a splash screen is
1016		loaded very quickly after power-on.
1017
1018- Gzip compressed BMP image support: CONFIG_VIDEO_BMP_GZIP
1019
1020		If this option is set, additionally to standard BMP
1021		images, gzipped BMP images can be displayed via the
1022		splashscreen support or the bmp command.
1023
1024- Compression support:
1025		CONFIG_BZIP2
1026
1027		If this option is set, support for bzip2 compressed
1028		images is included. If not, only uncompressed and gzip
1029		compressed images are supported.
1030
1031		NOTE: the bzip2 algorithm requires a lot of RAM, so
1032		the malloc area (as defined by CFG_MALLOC_LEN) should
1033		be at least 4MB.
1034
1035- MII/PHY support:
1036		CONFIG_PHY_ADDR
1037
1038		The address of PHY on MII bus.
1039
1040		CONFIG_PHY_CLOCK_FREQ (ppc4xx)
1041
1042		The clock frequency of the MII bus
1043
1044		CONFIG_PHY_GIGE
1045
1046		If this option is set, support for speed/duplex
1047		detection of Gigabit PHY is included.
1048
1049		CONFIG_PHY_RESET_DELAY
1050
1051		Some PHY like Intel LXT971A need extra delay after
1052		reset before any MII register access is possible.
1053		For such PHY, set this option to the usec delay
1054		required. (minimum 300usec for LXT971A)
1055
1056		CONFIG_PHY_CMD_DELAY (ppc4xx)
1057
1058		Some PHY like Intel LXT971A need extra delay after
1059		command issued before MII status register can be read
1060
1061- Ethernet address:
1062		CONFIG_ETHADDR
1063		CONFIG_ETH2ADDR
1064		CONFIG_ETH3ADDR
1065
1066		Define a default value for ethernet address to use
1067		for the respective ethernet interface, in case this
1068		is not determined automatically.
1069
1070- IP address:
1071		CONFIG_IPADDR
1072
1073		Define a default value for the IP address to use for
1074		the default ethernet interface, in case this is not
1075		determined through e.g. bootp.
1076
1077- Server IP address:
1078		CONFIG_SERVERIP
1079
1080		Defines a default value for theIP address of a TFTP
1081		server to contact when using the "tftboot" command.
1082
1083- Multicast TFTP Mode:
1084		CONFIG_MCAST_TFTP
1085
1086		Defines whether you want to support multicast TFTP as per
1087		rfc-2090; for example to work with atftp.  Lets lots of targets
1088		tftp down the same boot image concurrently.  Note: the ethernet
1089		driver in use must provide a function: mcast() to join/leave a
1090		multicast group.
1091
1092		CONFIG_BOOTP_RANDOM_DELAY
1093- BOOTP Recovery Mode:
1094		CONFIG_BOOTP_RANDOM_DELAY
1095
1096		If you have many targets in a network that try to
1097		boot using BOOTP, you may want to avoid that all
1098		systems send out BOOTP requests at precisely the same
1099		moment (which would happen for instance at recovery
1100		from a power failure, when all systems will try to
1101		boot, thus flooding the BOOTP server. Defining
1102		CONFIG_BOOTP_RANDOM_DELAY causes a random delay to be
1103		inserted before sending out BOOTP requests. The
1104		following delays are inserted then:
1105
1106		1st BOOTP request:	delay 0 ... 1 sec
1107		2nd BOOTP request:	delay 0 ... 2 sec
1108		3rd BOOTP request:	delay 0 ... 4 sec
1109		4th and following
1110		BOOTP requests:		delay 0 ... 8 sec
1111
1112- DHCP Advanced Options:
1113		You can fine tune the DHCP functionality by defining
1114		CONFIG_BOOTP_* symbols:
1115
1116		CONFIG_BOOTP_SUBNETMASK
1117		CONFIG_BOOTP_GATEWAY
1118		CONFIG_BOOTP_HOSTNAME
1119		CONFIG_BOOTP_NISDOMAIN
1120		CONFIG_BOOTP_BOOTPATH
1121		CONFIG_BOOTP_BOOTFILESIZE
1122		CONFIG_BOOTP_DNS
1123		CONFIG_BOOTP_DNS2
1124		CONFIG_BOOTP_SEND_HOSTNAME
1125		CONFIG_BOOTP_NTPSERVER
1126		CONFIG_BOOTP_TIMEOFFSET
1127		CONFIG_BOOTP_VENDOREX
1128
1129		CONFIG_BOOTP_SERVERIP - TFTP server will be the serverip
1130		environment variable, not the BOOTP server.
1131
1132		CONFIG_BOOTP_DNS2 - If a DHCP client requests the DNS
1133		serverip from a DHCP server, it is possible that more
1134		than one DNS serverip is offered to the client.
1135		If CONFIG_BOOTP_DNS2 is enabled, the secondary DNS
1136		serverip will be stored in the additional environment
1137		variable "dnsip2". The first DNS serverip is always
1138		stored in the variable "dnsip", when CONFIG_BOOTP_DNS
1139		is defined.
1140
1141		CONFIG_BOOTP_SEND_HOSTNAME - Some DHCP servers are capable
1142		to do a dynamic update of a DNS server. To do this, they
1143		need the hostname of the DHCP requester.
1144		If CONFIG_BOOTP_SEND_HOSTNAME is defined, the content
1145		of the "hostname" environment variable is passed as
1146		option 12 to the DHCP server.
1147
1148		CONFIG_BOOTP_DHCP_REQUEST_DELAY
1149
1150		A 32bit value in microseconds for a delay between
1151		receiving a "DHCP Offer" and sending the "DHCP Request".
1152		This fixes a problem with certain DHCP servers that don't
1153		respond 100% of the time to a "DHCP request". E.g. On an
1154		AT91RM9200 processor running at 180MHz, this delay needed
1155		to be *at least* 15,000 usec before a Windows Server 2003
1156		DHCP server would reply 100% of the time. I recommend at
1157		least 50,000 usec to be safe. The alternative is to hope
1158		that one of the retries will be successful but note that
1159		the DHCP timeout and retry process takes a longer than
1160		this delay.
1161
1162 - CDP Options:
1163		CONFIG_CDP_DEVICE_ID
1164
1165		The device id used in CDP trigger frames.
1166
1167		CONFIG_CDP_DEVICE_ID_PREFIX
1168
1169		A two character string which is prefixed to the MAC address
1170		of the device.
1171
1172		CONFIG_CDP_PORT_ID
1173
1174		A printf format string which contains the ascii name of
1175		the port. Normally is set to "eth%d" which sets
1176		eth0 for the first ethernet, eth1 for the second etc.
1177
1178		CONFIG_CDP_CAPABILITIES
1179
1180		A 32bit integer which indicates the device capabilities;
1181		0x00000010 for a normal host which does not forwards.
1182
1183		CONFIG_CDP_VERSION
1184
1185		An ascii string containing the version of the software.
1186
1187		CONFIG_CDP_PLATFORM
1188
1189		An ascii string containing the name of the platform.
1190
1191		CONFIG_CDP_TRIGGER
1192
1193		A 32bit integer sent on the trigger.
1194
1195		CONFIG_CDP_POWER_CONSUMPTION
1196
1197		A 16bit integer containing the power consumption of the
1198		device in .1 of milliwatts.
1199
1200		CONFIG_CDP_APPLIANCE_VLAN_TYPE
1201
1202		A byte containing the id of the VLAN.
1203
1204- Status LED:	CONFIG_STATUS_LED
1205
1206		Several configurations allow to display the current
1207		status using a LED. For instance, the LED will blink
1208		fast while running U-Boot code, stop blinking as
1209		soon as a reply to a BOOTP request was received, and
1210		start blinking slow once the Linux kernel is running
1211		(supported by a status LED driver in the Linux
1212		kernel). Defining CONFIG_STATUS_LED enables this
1213		feature in U-Boot.
1214
1215- CAN Support:	CONFIG_CAN_DRIVER
1216
1217		Defining CONFIG_CAN_DRIVER enables CAN driver support
1218		on those systems that support this (optional)
1219		feature, like the TQM8xxL modules.
1220
1221- I2C Support:	CONFIG_HARD_I2C | CONFIG_SOFT_I2C
1222
1223		These enable I2C serial bus commands. Defining either of
1224		(but not both of) CONFIG_HARD_I2C or CONFIG_SOFT_I2C will
1225		include the appropriate I2C driver for the selected cpu.
1226
1227		This will allow you to use i2c commands at the u-boot
1228		command line (as long as you set CONFIG_CMD_I2C in
1229		CONFIG_COMMANDS) and communicate with i2c based realtime
1230		clock chips. See common/cmd_i2c.c for a description of the
1231		command line interface.
1232
1233		CONFIG_I2C_CMD_TREE is a recommended option that places
1234		all I2C commands under a single 'i2c' root command.  The
1235		older 'imm', 'imd', 'iprobe' etc. commands are considered
1236		deprecated and may disappear in the future.
1237
1238		CONFIG_HARD_I2C selects a hardware I2C controller.
1239
1240		CONFIG_SOFT_I2C configures u-boot to use a software (aka
1241		bit-banging) driver instead of CPM or similar hardware
1242		support for I2C.
1243
1244		There are several other quantities that must also be
1245		defined when you define CONFIG_HARD_I2C or CONFIG_SOFT_I2C.
1246
1247		In both cases you will need to define CFG_I2C_SPEED
1248		to be the frequency (in Hz) at which you wish your i2c bus
1249		to run and CFG_I2C_SLAVE to be the address of this node (ie
1250		the cpu's i2c node address).
1251
1252		Now, the u-boot i2c code for the mpc8xx (cpu/mpc8xx/i2c.c)
1253		sets the cpu up as a master node and so its address should
1254		therefore be cleared to 0 (See, eg, MPC823e User's Manual
1255		p.16-473). So, set CFG_I2C_SLAVE to 0.
1256
1257		That's all that's required for CONFIG_HARD_I2C.
1258
1259		If you use the software i2c interface (CONFIG_SOFT_I2C)
1260		then the following macros need to be defined (examples are
1261		from include/configs/lwmon.h):
1262
1263		I2C_INIT
1264
1265		(Optional). Any commands necessary to enable the I2C
1266		controller or configure ports.
1267
1268		eg: #define I2C_INIT (immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdir |=	PB_SCL)
1269
1270		I2C_PORT
1271
1272		(Only for MPC8260 CPU). The I/O port to use (the code
1273		assumes both bits are on the same port). Valid values
1274		are 0..3 for ports A..D.
1275
1276		I2C_ACTIVE
1277
1278		The code necessary to make the I2C data line active
1279		(driven).  If the data line is open collector, this
1280		define can be null.
1281
1282		eg: #define I2C_ACTIVE (immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdir |=  PB_SDA)
1283
1284		I2C_TRISTATE
1285
1286		The code necessary to make the I2C data line tri-stated
1287		(inactive).  If the data line is open collector, this
1288		define can be null.
1289
1290		eg: #define I2C_TRISTATE (immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdir &= ~PB_SDA)
1291
1292		I2C_READ
1293
1294		Code that returns TRUE if the I2C data line is high,
1295		FALSE if it is low.
1296
1297		eg: #define I2C_READ ((immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat & PB_SDA) != 0)
1298
1299		I2C_SDA(bit)
1300
1301		If <bit> is TRUE, sets the I2C data line high. If it
1302		is FALSE, it clears it (low).
1303
1304		eg: #define I2C_SDA(bit) \
1305			if(bit) immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat |=  PB_SDA; \
1306			else	immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat &= ~PB_SDA
1307
1308		I2C_SCL(bit)
1309
1310		If <bit> is TRUE, sets the I2C clock line high. If it
1311		is FALSE, it clears it (low).
1312
1313		eg: #define I2C_SCL(bit) \
1314			if(bit) immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat |=  PB_SCL; \
1315			else	immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat &= ~PB_SCL
1316
1317		I2C_DELAY
1318
1319		This delay is invoked four times per clock cycle so this
1320		controls the rate of data transfer.  The data rate thus
1321		is 1 / (I2C_DELAY * 4). Often defined to be something
1322		like:
1323
1324		#define I2C_DELAY  udelay(2)
1325
1326		CFG_I2C_INIT_BOARD
1327
1328		When a board is reset during an i2c bus transfer
1329		chips might think that the current transfer is still
1330		in progress. On some boards it is possible to access
1331		the i2c SCLK line directly, either by using the
1332		processor pin as a GPIO or by having a second pin
1333		connected to the bus. If this option is defined a
1334		custom i2c_init_board() routine in boards/xxx/board.c
1335		is run early in the boot sequence.
1336
1337		CONFIG_I2CFAST (PPC405GP|PPC405EP only)
1338
1339		This option enables configuration of bi_iic_fast[] flags
1340		in u-boot bd_info structure based on u-boot environment
1341		variable "i2cfast". (see also i2cfast)
1342
1343		CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS
1344
1345		This option allows the use of multiple I2C buses, each of which
1346		must have a controller.  At any point in time, only one bus is
1347		active.  To switch to a different bus, use the 'i2c dev' command.
1348		Note that bus numbering is zero-based.
1349
1350		CFG_I2C_NOPROBES
1351
1352		This option specifies a list of I2C devices that will be skipped
1353		when the 'i2c probe' command is issued (or 'iprobe' using the legacy
1354		command).  If CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS is set, specify a list of bus-device
1355		pairs.	Otherwise, specify a 1D array of device addresses
1356
1357		e.g.
1358			#undef	CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS
1359			#define CFG_I2C_NOPROBES	{0x50,0x68}
1360
1361		will skip addresses 0x50 and 0x68 on a board with one I2C bus
1362
1363			#define	CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS
1364			#define CFG_I2C_MULTI_NOPROBES	{{0,0x50},{0,0x68},{1,0x54}}
1365
1366		will skip addresses 0x50 and 0x68 on bus 0 and address 0x54 on bus 1
1367
1368		CFG_SPD_BUS_NUM
1369
1370		If defined, then this indicates the I2C bus number for DDR SPD.
1371		If not defined, then U-Boot assumes that SPD is on I2C bus 0.
1372
1373		CFG_RTC_BUS_NUM
1374
1375		If defined, then this indicates the I2C bus number for the RTC.
1376		If not defined, then U-Boot assumes that RTC is on I2C bus 0.
1377
1378		CFG_DTT_BUS_NUM
1379
1380		If defined, then this indicates the I2C bus number for the DTT.
1381		If not defined, then U-Boot assumes that DTT is on I2C bus 0.
1382
1383		CONFIG_FSL_I2C
1384
1385		Define this option if you want to use Freescale's I2C driver in
1386		drivers/i2c/fsl_i2c.c.
1387
1388
1389- SPI Support:	CONFIG_SPI
1390
1391		Enables SPI driver (so far only tested with
1392		SPI EEPROM, also an instance works with Crystal A/D and
1393		D/As on the SACSng board)
1394
1395		CONFIG_SPI_X
1396
1397		Enables extended (16-bit) SPI EEPROM addressing.
1398		(symmetrical to CONFIG_I2C_X)
1399
1400		CONFIG_SOFT_SPI
1401
1402		Enables a software (bit-bang) SPI driver rather than
1403		using hardware support. This is a general purpose
1404		driver that only requires three general I/O port pins
1405		(two outputs, one input) to function. If this is
1406		defined, the board configuration must define several
1407		SPI configuration items (port pins to use, etc). For
1408		an example, see include/configs/sacsng.h.
1409
1410		CONFIG_HARD_SPI
1411
1412		Enables a hardware SPI driver for general-purpose reads
1413		and writes.  As with CONFIG_SOFT_SPI, the board configuration
1414		must define a list of chip-select function pointers.
1415		Currently supported on some MPC8xxx processors.  For an
1416		example, see include/configs/mpc8349emds.h.
1417
1418		CONFIG_MXC_SPI
1419
1420		Enables the driver for the SPI controllers on i.MX and MXC
1421		SoCs. Currently only i.MX31 is supported.
1422
1423- FPGA Support: CONFIG_FPGA
1424
1425		Enables FPGA subsystem.
1426
1427		CONFIG_FPGA_<vendor>
1428
1429		Enables support for specific chip vendors.
1430		(ALTERA, XILINX)
1431
1432		CONFIG_FPGA_<family>
1433
1434		Enables support for FPGA family.
1435		(SPARTAN2, SPARTAN3, VIRTEX2, CYCLONE2, ACEX1K, ACEX)
1436
1437		CONFIG_FPGA_COUNT
1438
1439		Specify the number of FPGA devices to support.
1440
1441		CFG_FPGA_PROG_FEEDBACK
1442
1443		Enable printing of hash marks during FPGA configuration.
1444
1445		CFG_FPGA_CHECK_BUSY
1446
1447		Enable checks on FPGA configuration interface busy
1448		status by the configuration function. This option
1449		will require a board or device specific function to
1450		be written.
1451
1452		CONFIG_FPGA_DELAY
1453
1454		If defined, a function that provides delays in the FPGA
1455		configuration driver.
1456
1457		CFG_FPGA_CHECK_CTRLC
1458		Allow Control-C to interrupt FPGA configuration
1459
1460		CFG_FPGA_CHECK_ERROR
1461
1462		Check for configuration errors during FPGA bitfile
1463		loading. For example, abort during Virtex II
1464		configuration if the INIT_B line goes low (which
1465		indicated a CRC error).
1466
1467		CFG_FPGA_WAIT_INIT
1468
1469		Maximum time to wait for the INIT_B line to deassert
1470		after PROB_B has been deasserted during a Virtex II
1471		FPGA configuration sequence. The default time is 500
1472		mS.
1473
1474		CFG_FPGA_WAIT_BUSY
1475
1476		Maximum time to wait for BUSY to deassert during
1477		Virtex II FPGA configuration. The default is 5 mS.
1478
1479		CFG_FPGA_WAIT_CONFIG
1480
1481		Time to wait after FPGA configuration. The default is
1482		200 mS.
1483
1484- Configuration Management:
1485		CONFIG_IDENT_STRING
1486
1487		If defined, this string will be added to the U-Boot
1488		version information (U_BOOT_VERSION)
1489
1490- Vendor Parameter Protection:
1491
1492		U-Boot considers the values of the environment
1493		variables "serial#" (Board Serial Number) and
1494		"ethaddr" (Ethernet Address) to be parameters that
1495		are set once by the board vendor / manufacturer, and
1496		protects these variables from casual modification by
1497		the user. Once set, these variables are read-only,
1498		and write or delete attempts are rejected. You can
1499		change this behviour:
1500
1501		If CONFIG_ENV_OVERWRITE is #defined in your config
1502		file, the write protection for vendor parameters is
1503		completely disabled. Anybody can change or delete
1504		these parameters.
1505
1506		Alternatively, if you #define _both_ CONFIG_ETHADDR
1507		_and_ CONFIG_OVERWRITE_ETHADDR_ONCE, a default
1508		ethernet address is installed in the environment,
1509		which can be changed exactly ONCE by the user. [The
1510		serial# is unaffected by this, i. e. it remains
1511		read-only.]
1512
1513- Protected RAM:
1514		CONFIG_PRAM
1515
1516		Define this variable to enable the reservation of
1517		"protected RAM", i. e. RAM which is not overwritten
1518		by U-Boot. Define CONFIG_PRAM to hold the number of
1519		kB you want to reserve for pRAM. You can overwrite
1520		this default value by defining an environment
1521		variable "pram" to the number of kB you want to
1522		reserve. Note that the board info structure will
1523		still show the full amount of RAM. If pRAM is
1524		reserved, a new environment variable "mem" will
1525		automatically be defined to hold the amount of
1526		remaining RAM in a form that can be passed as boot
1527		argument to Linux, for instance like that:
1528
1529			setenv bootargs ... mem=\${mem}
1530			saveenv
1531
1532		This way you can tell Linux not to use this memory,
1533		either, which results in a memory region that will
1534		not be affected by reboots.
1535
1536		*WARNING* If your board configuration uses automatic
1537		detection of the RAM size, you must make sure that
1538		this memory test is non-destructive. So far, the
1539		following board configurations are known to be
1540		"pRAM-clean":
1541
1542			ETX094, IVMS8, IVML24, SPD8xx, TQM8xxL,
1543			HERMES, IP860, RPXlite, LWMON, LANTEC,
1544			PCU_E, FLAGADM, TQM8260
1545
1546- Error Recovery:
1547		CONFIG_PANIC_HANG
1548
1549		Define this variable to stop the system in case of a
1550		fatal error, so that you have to reset it manually.
1551		This is probably NOT a good idea for an embedded
1552		system where you want to system to reboot
1553		automatically as fast as possible, but it may be
1554		useful during development since you can try to debug
1555		the conditions that lead to the situation.
1556
1557		CONFIG_NET_RETRY_COUNT
1558
1559		This variable defines the number of retries for
1560		network operations like ARP, RARP, TFTP, or BOOTP
1561		before giving up the operation. If not defined, a
1562		default value of 5 is used.
1563
1564		CONFIG_ARP_TIMEOUT
1565
1566		Timeout waiting for an ARP reply in milliseconds.
1567
1568- Command Interpreter:
1569		CONFIG_AUTO_COMPLETE
1570
1571		Enable auto completion of commands using TAB.
1572
1573		Note that this feature has NOT been implemented yet
1574		for the "hush" shell.
1575
1576
1577		CFG_HUSH_PARSER
1578
1579		Define this variable to enable the "hush" shell (from
1580		Busybox) as command line interpreter, thus enabling
1581		powerful command line syntax like
1582		if...then...else...fi conditionals or `&&' and '||'
1583		constructs ("shell scripts").
1584
1585		If undefined, you get the old, much simpler behaviour
1586		with a somewhat smaller memory footprint.
1587
1588
1589		CFG_PROMPT_HUSH_PS2
1590
1591		This defines the secondary prompt string, which is
1592		printed when the command interpreter needs more input
1593		to complete a command. Usually "> ".
1594
1595	Note:
1596
1597		In the current implementation, the local variables
1598		space and global environment variables space are
1599		separated. Local variables are those you define by
1600		simply typing `name=value'. To access a local
1601		variable later on, you have write `$name' or
1602		`${name}'; to execute the contents of a variable
1603		directly type `$name' at the command prompt.
1604
1605		Global environment variables are those you use
1606		setenv/printenv to work with. To run a command stored
1607		in such a variable, you need to use the run command,
1608		and you must not use the '$' sign to access them.
1609
1610		To store commands and special characters in a
1611		variable, please use double quotation marks
1612		surrounding the whole text of the variable, instead
1613		of the backslashes before semicolons and special
1614		symbols.
1615
1616- Commandline Editing and History:
1617		CONFIG_CMDLINE_EDITING
1618
1619		Enable editiong and History functions for interactive
1620		commandline input operations
1621
1622- Default Environment:
1623		CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS
1624
1625		Define this to contain any number of null terminated
1626		strings (variable = value pairs) that will be part of
1627		the default environment compiled into the boot image.
1628
1629		For example, place something like this in your
1630		board's config file:
1631
1632		#define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS \
1633			"myvar1=value1\0" \
1634			"myvar2=value2\0"
1635
1636		Warning: This method is based on knowledge about the
1637		internal format how the environment is stored by the
1638		U-Boot code. This is NOT an official, exported
1639		interface! Although it is unlikely that this format
1640		will change soon, there is no guarantee either.
1641		You better know what you are doing here.
1642
1643		Note: overly (ab)use of the default environment is
1644		discouraged. Make sure to check other ways to preset
1645		the environment like the autoscript function or the
1646		boot command first.
1647
1648- DataFlash Support:
1649		CONFIG_HAS_DATAFLASH
1650
1651		Defining this option enables DataFlash features and
1652		allows to read/write in Dataflash via the standard
1653		commands cp, md...
1654
1655- SystemACE Support:
1656		CONFIG_SYSTEMACE
1657
1658		Adding this option adds support for Xilinx SystemACE
1659		chips attached via some sort of local bus. The address
1660		of the chip must alsh be defined in the
1661		CFG_SYSTEMACE_BASE macro. For example:
1662
1663		#define CONFIG_SYSTEMACE
1664		#define CFG_SYSTEMACE_BASE 0xf0000000
1665
1666		When SystemACE support is added, the "ace" device type
1667		becomes available to the fat commands, i.e. fatls.
1668
1669- TFTP Fixed UDP Port:
1670		CONFIG_TFTP_PORT
1671
1672		If this is defined, the environment variable tftpsrcp
1673		is used to supply the TFTP UDP source port value.
1674		If tftpsrcp isn't defined, the normal pseudo-random port
1675		number generator is used.
1676
1677		Also, the environment variable tftpdstp is used to supply
1678		the TFTP UDP destination port value.  If tftpdstp isn't
1679		defined, the normal port 69 is used.
1680
1681		The purpose for tftpsrcp is to allow a TFTP server to
1682		blindly start the TFTP transfer using the pre-configured
1683		target IP address and UDP port. This has the effect of
1684		"punching through" the (Windows XP) firewall, allowing
1685		the remainder of the TFTP transfer to proceed normally.
1686		A better solution is to properly configure the firewall,
1687		but sometimes that is not allowed.
1688
1689- Show boot progress:
1690		CONFIG_SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS
1691
1692		Defining this option allows to add some board-
1693		specific code (calling a user-provided function
1694		"show_boot_progress(int)") that enables you to show
1695		the system's boot progress on some display (for
1696		example, some LED's) on your board. At the moment,
1697		the following checkpoints are implemented:
1698
1699Legacy uImage format:
1700
1701  Arg	Where			When
1702    1	common/cmd_bootm.c	before attempting to boot an image
1703   -1	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has bad	 magic number
1704    2	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has correct magic number
1705   -2	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has bad	 checksum
1706    3	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has correct checksum
1707   -3	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image data   has bad	 checksum
1708    4	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image data   has correct checksum
1709   -4	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image is for unsupported architecture
1710    5	common/cmd_bootm.c	Architecture check OK
1711   -5	common/cmd_bootm.c	Wrong Image Type (not kernel, multi)
1712    6	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image Type check OK
1713   -6	common/cmd_bootm.c	gunzip uncompression error
1714   -7	common/cmd_bootm.c	Unimplemented compression type
1715    7	common/cmd_bootm.c	Uncompression OK
1716    8	common/cmd_bootm.c	No uncompress/copy overwrite error
1717   -9	common/cmd_bootm.c	Unsupported OS (not Linux, BSD, VxWorks, QNX)
1718
1719    9	common/image.c		Start initial ramdisk verification
1720  -10	common/image.c		Ramdisk header has bad	   magic number
1721  -11	common/image.c		Ramdisk header has bad	   checksum
1722   10	common/image.c		Ramdisk header is OK
1723  -12	common/image.c		Ramdisk data   has bad	   checksum
1724   11	common/image.c		Ramdisk data   has correct checksum
1725   12	common/image.c		Ramdisk verification complete, start loading
1726  -13	common/image.c		Wrong Image Type (not PPC Linux Ramdisk)
1727   13	common/image.c		Start multifile image verification
1728   14	common/image.c		No initial ramdisk, no multifile, continue.
1729
1730   15	lib_<arch>/bootm.c	All preparation done, transferring control to OS
1731
1732  -30	lib_ppc/board.c		Fatal error, hang the system
1733  -31	post/post.c		POST test failed, detected by post_output_backlog()
1734  -32	post/post.c		POST test failed, detected by post_run_single()
1735
1736   34	common/cmd_doc.c	before loading a Image from a DOC device
1737  -35	common/cmd_doc.c	Bad usage of "doc" command
1738   35	common/cmd_doc.c	correct usage of "doc" command
1739  -36	common/cmd_doc.c	No boot device
1740   36	common/cmd_doc.c	correct boot device
1741  -37	common/cmd_doc.c	Unknown Chip ID on boot device
1742   37	common/cmd_doc.c	correct chip ID found, device available
1743  -38	common/cmd_doc.c	Read Error on boot device
1744   38	common/cmd_doc.c	reading Image header from DOC device OK
1745  -39	common/cmd_doc.c	Image header has bad magic number
1746   39	common/cmd_doc.c	Image header has correct magic number
1747  -40	common/cmd_doc.c	Error reading Image from DOC device
1748   40	common/cmd_doc.c	Image header has correct magic number
1749   41	common/cmd_ide.c	before loading a Image from a IDE device
1750  -42	common/cmd_ide.c	Bad usage of "ide" command
1751   42	common/cmd_ide.c	correct usage of "ide" command
1752  -43	common/cmd_ide.c	No boot device
1753   43	common/cmd_ide.c	boot device found
1754  -44	common/cmd_ide.c	Device not available
1755   44	common/cmd_ide.c	Device available
1756  -45	common/cmd_ide.c	wrong partition selected
1757   45	common/cmd_ide.c	partition selected
1758  -46	common/cmd_ide.c	Unknown partition table
1759   46	common/cmd_ide.c	valid partition table found
1760  -47	common/cmd_ide.c	Invalid partition type
1761   47	common/cmd_ide.c	correct partition type
1762  -48	common/cmd_ide.c	Error reading Image Header on boot device
1763   48	common/cmd_ide.c	reading Image Header from IDE device OK
1764  -49	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has bad magic number
1765   49	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has correct magic number
1766  -50	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has bad	 checksum
1767   50	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has correct checksum
1768  -51	common/cmd_ide.c	Error reading Image from IDE device
1769   51	common/cmd_ide.c	reading Image from IDE device OK
1770   52	common/cmd_nand.c	before loading a Image from a NAND device
1771  -53	common/cmd_nand.c	Bad usage of "nand" command
1772   53	common/cmd_nand.c	correct usage of "nand" command
1773  -54	common/cmd_nand.c	No boot device
1774   54	common/cmd_nand.c	boot device found
1775  -55	common/cmd_nand.c	Unknown Chip ID on boot device
1776   55	common/cmd_nand.c	correct chip ID found, device available
1777  -56	common/cmd_nand.c	Error reading Image Header on boot device
1778   56	common/cmd_nand.c	reading Image Header from NAND device OK
1779  -57	common/cmd_nand.c	Image header has bad magic number
1780   57	common/cmd_nand.c	Image header has correct magic number
1781  -58	common/cmd_nand.c	Error reading Image from NAND device
1782   58	common/cmd_nand.c	reading Image from NAND device OK
1783
1784  -60	common/env_common.c	Environment has a bad CRC, using default
1785
1786   64	net/eth.c		starting with Ethernetconfiguration.
1787  -64	net/eth.c		no Ethernet found.
1788   65	net/eth.c		Ethernet found.
1789
1790  -80	common/cmd_net.c	usage wrong
1791   80	common/cmd_net.c	before calling NetLoop()
1792  -81	common/cmd_net.c	some error in NetLoop() occured
1793   81	common/cmd_net.c	NetLoop() back without error
1794  -82	common/cmd_net.c	size == 0 (File with size 0 loaded)
1795   82	common/cmd_net.c	trying automatic boot
1796   83	common/cmd_net.c	running autoscript
1797  -83	common/cmd_net.c	some error in automatic boot or autoscript
1798   84	common/cmd_net.c	end without errors
1799
1800FIT uImage format:
1801
1802  Arg	Where			When
1803  100	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel FIT Image has correct format
1804 -100	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel FIT Image has incorrect format
1805  101	common/cmd_bootm.c	No Kernel subimage unit name, using configuration
1806 -101	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get configuration for kernel subimage
1807  102	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel unit name specified
1808 -103	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage node offset
1809  103	common/cmd_bootm.c	Found configuration node
1810  104	common/cmd_bootm.c	Got kernel subimage node offset
1811 -104	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage hash verification failed
1812  105	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage hash verification OK
1813 -105	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage is for unsupported architecture
1814  106	common/cmd_bootm.c	Architecture check OK
1815 -106	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage has wrong typea
1816  107	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimge type OK
1817 -107	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage data/size
1818  108	common/cmd_bootm.c	Got kernel subimage data/size
1819 -108	common/cmd_bootm.c	Wrong image type (not legacy, FIT)
1820 -109	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage type
1821 -110	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage comp
1822 -111	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage os
1823 -112	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage load address
1824 -113	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image uncompress/copy overwrite error
1825
1826  120	common/image.c		Start initial ramdisk verification
1827 -120	common/image.c		Ramdisk FIT image has incorrect format
1828  121	common/image.c		Ramdisk FIT image has correct format
1829  122	common/image.c		No Ramdisk subimage unit name, using configuration
1830 -122	common/image.c		Can't get configuration for ramdisk subimage
1831  123	common/image.c		Ramdisk unit name specified
1832 -124	common/image.c		Can't get ramdisk subimage node offset
1833  125	common/image.c		Got ramdisk subimage node offset
1834 -125	common/image.c		Ramdisk subimage hash verification failed
1835  126	common/image.c		Ramdisk subimage hash verification OK
1836 -126	common/image.c		Ramdisk subimage for unsupported architecture
1837  127	common/image.c		Architecture check OK
1838 -127	common/image.c		Can't get ramdisk subimage data/size
1839  128	common/image.c		Got ramdisk subimage data/size
1840  129	common/image.c		Can't get ramdisk load address
1841 -129	common/image.c		Got ramdisk load address
1842
1843 -130	common/cmd_doc.c	Icorrect FIT image format
1844  131	common/cmd_doc.c	FIT image format OK
1845
1846 -140	common/cmd_ide.c	Icorrect FIT image format
1847  141	common/cmd_ide.c	FIT image format OK
1848
1849 -150	common/cmd_nand.c	Icorrect FIT image format
1850  151	common/cmd_nand.c	FIT image format OK
1851
1852
1853Modem Support:
1854--------------
1855
1856[so far only for SMDK2400 and TRAB boards]
1857
1858- Modem support endable:
1859		CONFIG_MODEM_SUPPORT
1860
1861- RTS/CTS Flow control enable:
1862		CONFIG_HWFLOW
1863
1864- Modem debug support:
1865		CONFIG_MODEM_SUPPORT_DEBUG
1866
1867		Enables debugging stuff (char screen[1024], dbg())
1868		for modem support. Useful only with BDI2000.
1869
1870- Interrupt support (PPC):
1871
1872		There are common interrupt_init() and timer_interrupt()
1873		for all PPC archs. interrupt_init() calls interrupt_init_cpu()
1874		for cpu specific initialization. interrupt_init_cpu()
1875		should set decrementer_count to appropriate value. If
1876		cpu resets decrementer automatically after interrupt
1877		(ppc4xx) it should set decrementer_count to zero.
1878		timer_interrupt() calls timer_interrupt_cpu() for cpu
1879		specific handling. If board has watchdog / status_led
1880		/ other_activity_monitor it works automatically from
1881		general timer_interrupt().
1882
1883- General:
1884
1885		In the target system modem support is enabled when a
1886		specific key (key combination) is pressed during
1887		power-on. Otherwise U-Boot will boot normally
1888		(autoboot). The key_pressed() fuction is called from
1889		board_init(). Currently key_pressed() is a dummy
1890		function, returning 1 and thus enabling modem
1891		initialization.
1892
1893		If there are no modem init strings in the
1894		environment, U-Boot proceed to autoboot; the
1895		previous output (banner, info printfs) will be
1896		supressed, though.
1897
1898		See also: doc/README.Modem
1899
1900
1901Configuration Settings:
1902-----------------------
1903
1904- CFG_LONGHELP: Defined when you want long help messages included;
1905		undefine this when you're short of memory.
1906
1907- CFG_PROMPT:	This is what U-Boot prints on the console to
1908		prompt for user input.
1909
1910- CFG_CBSIZE:	Buffer size for input from the Console
1911
1912- CFG_PBSIZE:	Buffer size for Console output
1913
1914- CFG_MAXARGS:	max. Number of arguments accepted for monitor commands
1915
1916- CFG_BARGSIZE: Buffer size for Boot Arguments which are passed to
1917		the application (usually a Linux kernel) when it is
1918		booted
1919
1920- CFG_BAUDRATE_TABLE:
1921		List of legal baudrate settings for this board.
1922
1923- CFG_CONSOLE_INFO_QUIET
1924		Suppress display of console information at boot.
1925
1926- CFG_CONSOLE_IS_IN_ENV
1927		If the board specific function
1928			extern int overwrite_console (void);
1929		returns 1, the stdin, stderr and stdout are switched to the
1930		serial port, else the settings in the environment are used.
1931
1932- CFG_CONSOLE_OVERWRITE_ROUTINE
1933		Enable the call to overwrite_console().
1934
1935- CFG_CONSOLE_ENV_OVERWRITE
1936		Enable overwrite of previous console environment settings.
1937
1938- CFG_MEMTEST_START, CFG_MEMTEST_END:
1939		Begin and End addresses of the area used by the
1940		simple memory test.
1941
1942- CFG_ALT_MEMTEST:
1943		Enable an alternate, more extensive memory test.
1944
1945- CFG_MEMTEST_SCRATCH:
1946		Scratch address used by the alternate memory test
1947		You only need to set this if address zero isn't writeable
1948
1949- CFG_MEM_TOP_HIDE (PPC only):
1950		If CFG_MEM_TOP_HIDE is defined in the board config header,
1951		this specified memory area will get subtracted from the top
1952		(end) of ram and won't get "touched" at all by U-Boot. By
1953		fixing up gd->ram_size the Linux kernel should gets passed
1954		the now "corrected" memory size and won't touch it either.
1955		This should work for arch/ppc and arch/powerpc. Only Linux
1956		board ports in arch/powerpc with bootwrapper support that
1957		recalculate the memory size from the SDRAM controller setup
1958		will have to get fixed in Linux additionally.
1959
1960		This option can be used as a workaround for the 440EPx/GRx
1961		CHIP 11 errata where the last 256 bytes in SDRAM shouldn't
1962		be touched.
1963
1964		WARNING: Please make sure that this value is a multiple of
1965		the Linux page size (normally 4k). If this is not the case,
1966		then the end address of the Linux memory will be located at a
1967		non page size aligned address and this could cause major
1968		problems.
1969
1970- CFG_TFTP_LOADADDR:
1971		Default load address for network file downloads
1972
1973- CFG_LOADS_BAUD_CHANGE:
1974		Enable temporary baudrate change while serial download
1975
1976- CFG_SDRAM_BASE:
1977		Physical start address of SDRAM. _Must_ be 0 here.
1978
1979- CFG_MBIO_BASE:
1980		Physical start address of Motherboard I/O (if using a
1981		Cogent motherboard)
1982
1983- CFG_FLASH_BASE:
1984		Physical start address of Flash memory.
1985
1986- CFG_MONITOR_BASE:
1987		Physical start address of boot monitor code (set by
1988		make config files to be same as the text base address
1989		(TEXT_BASE) used when linking) - same as
1990		CFG_FLASH_BASE when booting from flash.
1991
1992- CFG_MONITOR_LEN:
1993		Size of memory reserved for monitor code, used to
1994		determine _at_compile_time_ (!) if the environment is
1995		embedded within the U-Boot image, or in a separate
1996		flash sector.
1997
1998- CFG_MALLOC_LEN:
1999		Size of DRAM reserved for malloc() use.
2000
2001- CFG_BOOTM_LEN:
2002		Normally compressed uImages are limited to an
2003		uncompressed size of 8 MBytes. If this is not enough,
2004		you can define CFG_BOOTM_LEN in your board config file
2005		to adjust this setting to your needs.
2006
2007- CFG_BOOTMAPSZ:
2008		Maximum size of memory mapped by the startup code of
2009		the Linux kernel; all data that must be processed by
2010		the Linux kernel (bd_info, boot arguments, FDT blob if
2011		used) must be put below this limit, unless "bootm_low"
2012		enviroment variable is defined and non-zero. In such case
2013		all data for the Linux kernel must be between "bootm_low"
2014		and "bootm_low" + CFG_BOOTMAPSZ.
2015
2016- CFG_MAX_FLASH_BANKS:
2017		Max number of Flash memory banks
2018
2019- CFG_MAX_FLASH_SECT:
2020		Max number of sectors on a Flash chip
2021
2022- CFG_FLASH_ERASE_TOUT:
2023		Timeout for Flash erase operations (in ms)
2024
2025- CFG_FLASH_WRITE_TOUT:
2026		Timeout for Flash write operations (in ms)
2027
2028- CFG_FLASH_LOCK_TOUT
2029		Timeout for Flash set sector lock bit operation (in ms)
2030
2031- CFG_FLASH_UNLOCK_TOUT
2032		Timeout for Flash clear lock bits operation (in ms)
2033
2034- CFG_FLASH_PROTECTION
2035		If defined, hardware flash sectors protection is used
2036		instead of U-Boot software protection.
2037
2038- CFG_DIRECT_FLASH_TFTP:
2039
2040		Enable TFTP transfers directly to flash memory;
2041		without this option such a download has to be
2042		performed in two steps: (1) download to RAM, and (2)
2043		copy from RAM to flash.
2044
2045		The two-step approach is usually more reliable, since
2046		you can check if the download worked before you erase
2047		the flash, but in some situations (when sytem RAM is
2048		too limited to allow for a tempory copy of the
2049		downloaded image) this option may be very useful.
2050
2051- CFG_FLASH_CFI:
2052		Define if the flash driver uses extra elements in the
2053		common flash structure for storing flash geometry.
2054
2055- CFG_FLASH_CFI_DRIVER
2056		This option also enables the building of the cfi_flash driver
2057		in the drivers directory
2058
2059- CFG_FLASH_USE_BUFFER_WRITE
2060		Use buffered writes to flash.
2061
2062- CONFIG_FLASH_SPANSION_S29WS_N
2063		s29ws-n MirrorBit flash has non-standard addresses for buffered
2064		write commands.
2065
2066- CFG_FLASH_QUIET_TEST
2067		If this option is defined, the common CFI flash doesn't
2068		print it's warning upon not recognized FLASH banks. This
2069		is useful, if some of the configured banks are only
2070		optionally available.
2071
2072- CONFIG_FLASH_SHOW_PROGRESS
2073		If defined (must be an integer), print out countdown
2074		digits and dots.  Recommended value: 45 (9..1) for 80
2075		column displays, 15 (3..1) for 40 column displays.
2076
2077- CFG_RX_ETH_BUFFER:
2078		Defines the number of ethernet receive buffers. On some
2079		ethernet controllers it is recommended to set this value
2080		to 8 or even higher (EEPRO100 or 405 EMAC), since all
2081		buffers can be full shortly after enabling the interface
2082		on high ethernet traffic.
2083		Defaults to 4 if not defined.
2084
2085The following definitions that deal with the placement and management
2086of environment data (variable area); in general, we support the
2087following configurations:
2088
2089- CFG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH:
2090
2091	Define this if the environment is in flash memory.
2092
2093	a) The environment occupies one whole flash sector, which is
2094	   "embedded" in the text segment with the U-Boot code. This
2095	   happens usually with "bottom boot sector" or "top boot
2096	   sector" type flash chips, which have several smaller
2097	   sectors at the start or the end. For instance, such a
2098	   layout can have sector sizes of 8, 2x4, 16, Nx32 kB. In
2099	   such a case you would place the environment in one of the
2100	   4 kB sectors - with U-Boot code before and after it. With
2101	   "top boot sector" type flash chips, you would put the
2102	   environment in one of the last sectors, leaving a gap
2103	   between U-Boot and the environment.
2104
2105	- CFG_ENV_OFFSET:
2106
2107	   Offset of environment data (variable area) to the
2108	   beginning of flash memory; for instance, with bottom boot
2109	   type flash chips the second sector can be used: the offset
2110	   for this sector is given here.
2111
2112	   CFG_ENV_OFFSET is used relative to CFG_FLASH_BASE.
2113
2114	- CFG_ENV_ADDR:
2115
2116	   This is just another way to specify the start address of
2117	   the flash sector containing the environment (instead of
2118	   CFG_ENV_OFFSET).
2119
2120	- CFG_ENV_SECT_SIZE:
2121
2122	   Size of the sector containing the environment.
2123
2124
2125	b) Sometimes flash chips have few, equal sized, BIG sectors.
2126	   In such a case you don't want to spend a whole sector for
2127	   the environment.
2128
2129	- CFG_ENV_SIZE:
2130
2131	   If you use this in combination with CFG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH
2132	   and CFG_ENV_SECT_SIZE, you can specify to use only a part
2133	   of this flash sector for the environment. This saves
2134	   memory for the RAM copy of the environment.
2135
2136	   It may also save flash memory if you decide to use this
2137	   when your environment is "embedded" within U-Boot code,
2138	   since then the remainder of the flash sector could be used
2139	   for U-Boot code. It should be pointed out that this is
2140	   STRONGLY DISCOURAGED from a robustness point of view:
2141	   updating the environment in flash makes it always
2142	   necessary to erase the WHOLE sector. If something goes
2143	   wrong before the contents has been restored from a copy in
2144	   RAM, your target system will be dead.
2145
2146	- CFG_ENV_ADDR_REDUND
2147	  CFG_ENV_SIZE_REDUND
2148
2149	   These settings describe a second storage area used to hold
2150	   a redundand copy of the environment data, so that there is
2151	   a valid backup copy in case there is a power failure during
2152	   a "saveenv" operation.
2153
2154BE CAREFUL! Any changes to the flash layout, and some changes to the
2155source code will make it necessary to adapt <board>/u-boot.lds*
2156accordingly!
2157
2158
2159- CFG_ENV_IS_IN_NVRAM:
2160
2161	Define this if you have some non-volatile memory device
2162	(NVRAM, battery buffered SRAM) which you want to use for the
2163	environment.
2164
2165	- CFG_ENV_ADDR:
2166	- CFG_ENV_SIZE:
2167
2168	  These two #defines are used to determin the memory area you
2169	  want to use for environment. It is assumed that this memory
2170	  can just be read and written to, without any special
2171	  provision.
2172
2173BE CAREFUL! The first access to the environment happens quite early
2174in U-Boot initalization (when we try to get the setting of for the
2175console baudrate). You *MUST* have mappend your NVRAM area then, or
2176U-Boot will hang.
2177
2178Please note that even with NVRAM we still use a copy of the
2179environment in RAM: we could work on NVRAM directly, but we want to
2180keep settings there always unmodified except somebody uses "saveenv"
2181to save the current settings.
2182
2183
2184- CFG_ENV_IS_IN_EEPROM:
2185
2186	Use this if you have an EEPROM or similar serial access
2187	device and a driver for it.
2188
2189	- CFG_ENV_OFFSET:
2190	- CFG_ENV_SIZE:
2191
2192	  These two #defines specify the offset and size of the
2193	  environment area within the total memory of your EEPROM.
2194
2195	- CFG_I2C_EEPROM_ADDR:
2196	  If defined, specified the chip address of the EEPROM device.
2197	  The default address is zero.
2198
2199	- CFG_EEPROM_PAGE_WRITE_BITS:
2200	  If defined, the number of bits used to address bytes in a
2201	  single page in the EEPROM device.  A 64 byte page, for example
2202	  would require six bits.
2203
2204	- CFG_EEPROM_PAGE_WRITE_DELAY_MS:
2205	  If defined, the number of milliseconds to delay between
2206	  page writes.	The default is zero milliseconds.
2207
2208	- CFG_I2C_EEPROM_ADDR_LEN:
2209	  The length in bytes of the EEPROM memory array address.  Note
2210	  that this is NOT the chip address length!
2211
2212	- CFG_I2C_EEPROM_ADDR_OVERFLOW:
2213	  EEPROM chips that implement "address overflow" are ones
2214	  like Catalyst 24WC04/08/16 which has 9/10/11 bits of
2215	  address and the extra bits end up in the "chip address" bit
2216	  slots. This makes a 24WC08 (1Kbyte) chip look like four 256
2217	  byte chips.
2218
2219	  Note that we consider the length of the address field to
2220	  still be one byte because the extra address bits are hidden
2221	  in the chip address.
2222
2223	- CFG_EEPROM_SIZE:
2224	  The size in bytes of the EEPROM device.
2225
2226
2227- CFG_ENV_IS_IN_DATAFLASH:
2228
2229	Define this if you have a DataFlash memory device which you
2230	want to use for the environment.
2231
2232	- CFG_ENV_OFFSET:
2233	- CFG_ENV_ADDR:
2234	- CFG_ENV_SIZE:
2235
2236	  These three #defines specify the offset and size of the
2237	  environment area within the total memory of your DataFlash placed
2238	  at the specified address.
2239
2240- CFG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND:
2241
2242	Define this if you have a NAND device which you want to use
2243	for the environment.
2244
2245	- CFG_ENV_OFFSET:
2246	- CFG_ENV_SIZE:
2247
2248	  These two #defines specify the offset and size of the environment
2249	  area within the first NAND device.
2250
2251	- CFG_ENV_OFFSET_REDUND
2252
2253	  This setting describes a second storage area of CFG_ENV_SIZE
2254	  size used to hold a redundant copy of the environment data,
2255	  so that there is a valid backup copy in case there is a
2256	  power failure during a "saveenv" operation.
2257
2258	Note: CFG_ENV_OFFSET and CFG_ENV_OFFSET_REDUND must be aligned
2259	to a block boundary, and CFG_ENV_SIZE must be a multiple of
2260	the NAND devices block size.
2261
2262- CFG_SPI_INIT_OFFSET
2263
2264	Defines offset to the initial SPI buffer area in DPRAM. The
2265	area is used at an early stage (ROM part) if the environment
2266	is configured to reside in the SPI EEPROM: We need a 520 byte
2267	scratch DPRAM area. It is used between the two initialization
2268	calls (spi_init_f() and spi_init_r()). A value of 0xB00 seems
2269	to be a good choice since it makes it far enough from the
2270	start of the data area as well as from the stack pointer.
2271
2272Please note that the environment is read-only until the monitor
2273has been relocated to RAM and a RAM copy of the environment has been
2274created; also, when using EEPROM you will have to use getenv_r()
2275until then to read environment variables.
2276
2277The environment is protected by a CRC32 checksum. Before the monitor
2278is relocated into RAM, as a result of a bad CRC you will be working
2279with the compiled-in default environment - *silently*!!! [This is
2280necessary, because the first environment variable we need is the
2281"baudrate" setting for the console - if we have a bad CRC, we don't
2282have any device yet where we could complain.]
2283
2284Note: once the monitor has been relocated, then it will complain if
2285the default environment is used; a new CRC is computed as soon as you
2286use the "saveenv" command to store a valid environment.
2287
2288- CFG_FAULT_ECHO_LINK_DOWN:
2289		Echo the inverted Ethernet link state to the fault LED.
2290
2291		Note: If this option is active, then CFG_FAULT_MII_ADDR
2292		      also needs to be defined.
2293
2294- CFG_FAULT_MII_ADDR:
2295		MII address of the PHY to check for the Ethernet link state.
2296
2297- CFG_64BIT_VSPRINTF:
2298		Makes vsprintf (and all *printf functions) support printing
2299		of 64bit values by using the L quantifier
2300
2301- CFG_64BIT_STRTOUL:
2302		Adds simple_strtoull that returns a 64bit value
2303
2304Low Level (hardware related) configuration options:
2305---------------------------------------------------
2306
2307- CFG_CACHELINE_SIZE:
2308		Cache Line Size of the CPU.
2309
2310- CFG_DEFAULT_IMMR:
2311		Default address of the IMMR after system reset.
2312
2313		Needed on some 8260 systems (MPC8260ADS, PQ2FADS-ZU,
2314		and RPXsuper) to be able to adjust the position of
2315		the IMMR register after a reset.
2316
2317- Floppy Disk Support:
2318		CFG_FDC_DRIVE_NUMBER
2319
2320		the default drive number (default value 0)
2321
2322		CFG_ISA_IO_STRIDE
2323
2324		defines the spacing between fdc chipset registers
2325		(default value 1)
2326
2327		CFG_ISA_IO_OFFSET
2328
2329		defines the offset of register from address. It
2330		depends on which part of the data bus is connected to
2331		the fdc chipset. (default value 0)
2332
2333		If CFG_ISA_IO_STRIDE CFG_ISA_IO_OFFSET and
2334		CFG_FDC_DRIVE_NUMBER are undefined, they take their
2335		default value.
2336
2337		if CFG_FDC_HW_INIT is defined, then the function
2338		fdc_hw_init() is called at the beginning of the FDC
2339		setup. fdc_hw_init() must be provided by the board
2340		source code. It is used to make hardware dependant
2341		initializations.
2342
2343- CFG_IMMR:	Physical address of the Internal Memory.
2344		DO NOT CHANGE unless you know exactly what you're
2345		doing! (11-4) [MPC8xx/82xx systems only]
2346
2347- CFG_INIT_RAM_ADDR:
2348
2349		Start address of memory area that can be used for
2350		initial data and stack; please note that this must be
2351		writable memory that is working WITHOUT special
2352		initialization, i. e. you CANNOT use normal RAM which
2353		will become available only after programming the
2354		memory controller and running certain initialization
2355		sequences.
2356
2357		U-Boot uses the following memory types:
2358		- MPC8xx and MPC8260: IMMR (internal memory of the CPU)
2359		- MPC824X: data cache
2360		- PPC4xx:  data cache
2361
2362- CFG_GBL_DATA_OFFSET:
2363
2364		Offset of the initial data structure in the memory
2365		area defined by CFG_INIT_RAM_ADDR. Usually
2366		CFG_GBL_DATA_OFFSET is chosen such that the initial
2367		data is located at the end of the available space
2368		(sometimes written as (CFG_INIT_RAM_END -
2369		CFG_INIT_DATA_SIZE), and the initial stack is just
2370		below that area (growing from (CFG_INIT_RAM_ADDR +
2371		CFG_GBL_DATA_OFFSET) downward.
2372
2373	Note:
2374		On the MPC824X (or other systems that use the data
2375		cache for initial memory) the address chosen for
2376		CFG_INIT_RAM_ADDR is basically arbitrary - it must
2377		point to an otherwise UNUSED address space between
2378		the top of RAM and the start of the PCI space.
2379
2380- CFG_SIUMCR:	SIU Module Configuration (11-6)
2381
2382- CFG_SYPCR:	System Protection Control (11-9)
2383
2384- CFG_TBSCR:	Time Base Status and Control (11-26)
2385
2386- CFG_PISCR:	Periodic Interrupt Status and Control (11-31)
2387
2388- CFG_PLPRCR:	PLL, Low-Power, and Reset Control Register (15-30)
2389
2390- CFG_SCCR:	System Clock and reset Control Register (15-27)
2391
2392- CFG_OR_TIMING_SDRAM:
2393		SDRAM timing
2394
2395- CFG_MAMR_PTA:
2396		periodic timer for refresh
2397
2398- CFG_DER:	Debug Event Register (37-47)
2399
2400- FLASH_BASE0_PRELIM, FLASH_BASE1_PRELIM, CFG_REMAP_OR_AM,
2401  CFG_PRELIM_OR_AM, CFG_OR_TIMING_FLASH, CFG_OR0_REMAP,
2402  CFG_OR0_PRELIM, CFG_BR0_PRELIM, CFG_OR1_REMAP, CFG_OR1_PRELIM,
2403  CFG_BR1_PRELIM:
2404		Memory Controller Definitions: BR0/1 and OR0/1 (FLASH)
2405
2406- SDRAM_BASE2_PRELIM, SDRAM_BASE3_PRELIM, SDRAM_MAX_SIZE,
2407  CFG_OR_TIMING_SDRAM, CFG_OR2_PRELIM, CFG_BR2_PRELIM,
2408  CFG_OR3_PRELIM, CFG_BR3_PRELIM:
2409		Memory Controller Definitions: BR2/3 and OR2/3 (SDRAM)
2410
2411- CFG_MAMR_PTA, CFG_MPTPR_2BK_4K, CFG_MPTPR_1BK_4K, CFG_MPTPR_2BK_8K,
2412  CFG_MPTPR_1BK_8K, CFG_MAMR_8COL, CFG_MAMR_9COL:
2413		Machine Mode Register and Memory Periodic Timer
2414		Prescaler definitions (SDRAM timing)
2415
2416- CFG_I2C_UCODE_PATCH, CFG_I2C_DPMEM_OFFSET [0x1FC0]:
2417		enable I2C microcode relocation patch (MPC8xx);
2418		define relocation offset in DPRAM [DSP2]
2419
2420- CFG_SMC_UCODE_PATCH, CFG_SMC_DPMEM_OFFSET [0x1FC0]:
2421		enable SMC microcode relocation patch (MPC8xx);
2422		define relocation offset in DPRAM [SMC1]
2423
2424- CFG_SPI_UCODE_PATCH, CFG_SPI_DPMEM_OFFSET [0x1FC0]:
2425		enable SPI microcode relocation patch (MPC8xx);
2426		define relocation offset in DPRAM [SCC4]
2427
2428- CFG_USE_OSCCLK:
2429		Use OSCM clock mode on MBX8xx board. Be careful,
2430		wrong setting might damage your board. Read
2431		doc/README.MBX before setting this variable!
2432
2433- CFG_CPM_POST_WORD_ADDR: (MPC8xx, MPC8260 only)
2434		Offset of the bootmode word in DPRAM used by post
2435		(Power On Self Tests). This definition overrides
2436		#define'd default value in commproc.h resp.
2437		cpm_8260.h.
2438
2439- CFG_PCI_SLV_MEM_LOCAL, CFG_PCI_SLV_MEM_BUS, CFG_PICMR0_MASK_ATTRIB,
2440  CFG_PCI_MSTR0_LOCAL, CFG_PCIMSK0_MASK, CFG_PCI_MSTR1_LOCAL,
2441  CFG_PCIMSK1_MASK, CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEM_LOCAL, CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEM_BUS,
2442  CFG_CPU_PCI_MEM_START, CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEM_SIZE, CFG_POCMR0_MASK_ATTRIB,
2443  CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEMIO_LOCAL, CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEMIO_BUS, CPU_PCI_MEMIO_START,
2444  CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEMIO_SIZE, CFG_POCMR1_MASK_ATTRIB, CFG_PCI_MSTR_IO_LOCAL,
2445  CFG_PCI_MSTR_IO_BUS, CFG_CPU_PCI_IO_START, CFG_PCI_MSTR_IO_SIZE,
2446  CFG_POCMR2_MASK_ATTRIB: (MPC826x only)
2447		Overrides the default PCI memory map in cpu/mpc8260/pci.c if set.
2448
2449- CONFIG_SPD_EEPROM
2450		Get DDR timing information from an I2C EEPROM. Common
2451		with pluggable memory modules such as SODIMMs
2452
2453  SPD_EEPROM_ADDRESS
2454		I2C address of the SPD EEPROM
2455
2456- CFG_SPD_BUS_NUM
2457		If SPD EEPROM is on an I2C bus other than the first
2458		one, specify here. Note that the value must resolve
2459		to something your driver can deal with.
2460
2461- CFG_83XX_DDR_USES_CS0
2462		Only for 83xx systems. If specified, then DDR should
2463		be configured using CS0 and CS1 instead of CS2 and CS3.
2464
2465- CFG_83XX_DDR_USES_CS0
2466		Only for 83xx systems. If specified, then DDR should
2467		be configured using CS0 and CS1 instead of CS2 and CS3.
2468
2469- CONFIG_ETHER_ON_FEC[12]
2470		Define to enable FEC[12] on a 8xx series processor.
2471
2472- CONFIG_FEC[12]_PHY
2473		Define to the hardcoded PHY address which corresponds
2474		to the given FEC; i. e.
2475			#define CONFIG_FEC1_PHY 4
2476		means that the PHY with address 4 is connected to FEC1
2477
2478		When set to -1, means to probe for first available.
2479
2480- CONFIG_FEC[12]_PHY_NORXERR
2481		The PHY does not have a RXERR line (RMII only).
2482		(so program the FEC to ignore it).
2483
2484- CONFIG_RMII
2485		Enable RMII mode for all FECs.
2486		Note that this is a global option, we can't
2487		have one FEC in standard MII mode and another in RMII mode.
2488
2489- CONFIG_CRC32_VERIFY
2490		Add a verify option to the crc32 command.
2491		The syntax is:
2492
2493		=> crc32 -v <address> <count> <crc32>
2494
2495		Where address/count indicate a memory area
2496		and crc32 is the correct crc32 which the
2497		area should have.
2498
2499- CONFIG_LOOPW
2500		Add the "loopw" memory command. This only takes effect if
2501		the memory commands are activated globally (CONFIG_CMD_MEM).
2502
2503- CONFIG_MX_CYCLIC
2504		Add the "mdc" and "mwc" memory commands. These are cyclic
2505		"md/mw" commands.
2506		Examples:
2507
2508		=> mdc.b 10 4 500
2509		This command will print 4 bytes (10,11,12,13) each 500 ms.
2510
2511		=> mwc.l 100 12345678 10
2512		This command will write 12345678 to address 100 all 10 ms.
2513
2514		This only takes effect if the memory commands are activated
2515		globally (CONFIG_CMD_MEM).
2516
2517- CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
2518- CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT
2519
2520		[ARM only] If these variables are defined, then
2521		certain low level initializations (like setting up
2522		the memory controller) are omitted and/or U-Boot does
2523		not relocate itself into RAM.
2524		Normally these variables MUST NOT be defined. The
2525		only exception is when U-Boot is loaded (to RAM) by
2526		some other boot loader or by a debugger which
2527		performs these intializations itself.
2528
2529
2530Building the Software:
2531======================
2532
2533Building U-Boot has been tested in several native build environments
2534and in many different cross environments. Of course we cannot support
2535all possibly existing versions of cross development tools in all
2536(potentially obsolete) versions. In case of tool chain problems we
2537recommend to use the ELDK (see http://www.denx.de/wiki/DULG/ELDK)
2538which is extensively used to build and test U-Boot.
2539
2540If you are not using a native environment, it is assumed that you
2541have GNU cross compiling tools available in your path. In this case,
2542you must set the environment variable CROSS_COMPILE in your shell.
2543Note that no changes to the Makefile or any other source files are
2544necessary. For example using the ELDK on a 4xx CPU, please enter:
2545
2546	$ CROSS_COMPILE=ppc_4xx-
2547	$ export CROSS_COMPILE
2548
2549U-Boot is intended to be simple to build. After installing the
2550sources you must configure U-Boot for one specific board type. This
2551is done by typing:
2552
2553	make NAME_config
2554
2555where "NAME_config" is the name of one of the existing configu-
2556rations; see the main Makefile for supported names.
2557
2558Note: for some board special configuration names may exist; check if
2559      additional information is available from the board vendor; for
2560      instance, the TQM823L systems are available without (standard)
2561      or with LCD support. You can select such additional "features"
2562      when chosing the configuration, i. e.
2563
2564      make TQM823L_config
2565	- will configure for a plain TQM823L, i. e. no LCD support
2566
2567      make TQM823L_LCD_config
2568	- will configure for a TQM823L with U-Boot console on LCD
2569
2570      etc.
2571
2572
2573Finally, type "make all", and you should get some working U-Boot
2574images ready for download to / installation on your system:
2575
2576- "u-boot.bin" is a raw binary image
2577- "u-boot" is an image in ELF binary format
2578- "u-boot.srec" is in Motorola S-Record format
2579
2580By default the build is performed locally and the objects are saved
2581in the source directory. One of the two methods can be used to change
2582this behavior and build U-Boot to some external directory:
2583
25841. Add O= to the make command line invocations:
2585
2586	make O=/tmp/build distclean
2587	make O=/tmp/build NAME_config
2588	make O=/tmp/build all
2589
25902. Set environment variable BUILD_DIR to point to the desired location:
2591
2592	export BUILD_DIR=/tmp/build
2593	make distclean
2594	make NAME_config
2595	make all
2596
2597Note that the command line "O=" setting overrides the BUILD_DIR environment
2598variable.
2599
2600
2601Please be aware that the Makefiles assume you are using GNU make, so
2602for instance on NetBSD you might need to use "gmake" instead of
2603native "make".
2604
2605
2606If the system board that you have is not listed, then you will need
2607to port U-Boot to your hardware platform. To do this, follow these
2608steps:
2609
26101.  Add a new configuration option for your board to the toplevel
2611    "Makefile" and to the "MAKEALL" script, using the existing
2612    entries as examples. Note that here and at many other places
2613    boards and other names are listed in alphabetical sort order. Please
2614    keep this order.
26152.  Create a new directory to hold your board specific code. Add any
2616    files you need. In your board directory, you will need at least
2617    the "Makefile", a "<board>.c", "flash.c" and "u-boot.lds".
26183.  Create a new configuration file "include/configs/<board>.h" for
2619    your board
26203.  If you're porting U-Boot to a new CPU, then also create a new
2621    directory to hold your CPU specific code. Add any files you need.
26224.  Run "make <board>_config" with your new name.
26235.  Type "make", and you should get a working "u-boot.srec" file
2624    to be installed on your target system.
26256.  Debug and solve any problems that might arise.
2626    [Of course, this last step is much harder than it sounds.]
2627
2628
2629Testing of U-Boot Modifications, Ports to New Hardware, etc.:
2630==============================================================
2631
2632If you have modified U-Boot sources (for instance added a new board
2633or support for new devices, a new CPU, etc.) you are expected to
2634provide feedback to the other developers. The feedback normally takes
2635the form of a "patch", i. e. a context diff against a certain (latest
2636official or latest in the git repository) version of U-Boot sources.
2637
2638But before you submit such a patch, please verify that your modifi-
2639cation did not break existing code. At least make sure that *ALL* of
2640the supported boards compile WITHOUT ANY compiler warnings. To do so,
2641just run the "MAKEALL" script, which will configure and build U-Boot
2642for ALL supported system. Be warned, this will take a while. You can
2643select which (cross) compiler to use by passing a `CROSS_COMPILE'
2644environment variable to the script, i. e. to use the ELDK cross tools
2645you can type
2646
2647	CROSS_COMPILE=ppc_8xx- MAKEALL
2648
2649or to build on a native PowerPC system you can type
2650
2651	CROSS_COMPILE=' ' MAKEALL
2652
2653When using the MAKEALL script, the default behaviour is to build
2654U-Boot in the source directory. This location can be changed by
2655setting the BUILD_DIR environment variable. Also, for each target
2656built, the MAKEALL script saves two log files (<target>.ERR and
2657<target>.MAKEALL) in the <source dir>/LOG directory. This default
2658location can be changed by setting the MAKEALL_LOGDIR environment
2659variable. For example:
2660
2661	export BUILD_DIR=/tmp/build
2662	export MAKEALL_LOGDIR=/tmp/log
2663	CROSS_COMPILE=ppc_8xx- MAKEALL
2664
2665With the above settings build objects are saved in the /tmp/build,
2666log files are saved in the /tmp/log and the source tree remains clean
2667during the whole build process.
2668
2669
2670See also "U-Boot Porting Guide" below.
2671
2672
2673Monitor Commands - Overview:
2674============================
2675
2676go	- start application at address 'addr'
2677run	- run commands in an environment variable
2678bootm	- boot application image from memory
2679bootp	- boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol
2680tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol
2681	       and env variables "ipaddr" and "serverip"
2682	       (and eventually "gatewayip")
2683rarpboot- boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol
2684diskboot- boot from IDE devicebootd   - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
2685loads	- load S-Record file over serial line
2686loadb	- load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)
2687md	- memory display
2688mm	- memory modify (auto-incrementing)
2689nm	- memory modify (constant address)
2690mw	- memory write (fill)
2691cp	- memory copy
2692cmp	- memory compare
2693crc32	- checksum calculation
2694imd	- i2c memory display
2695imm	- i2c memory modify (auto-incrementing)
2696inm	- i2c memory modify (constant address)
2697imw	- i2c memory write (fill)
2698icrc32	- i2c checksum calculation
2699iprobe	- probe to discover valid I2C chip addresses
2700iloop	- infinite loop on address range
2701isdram	- print SDRAM configuration information
2702sspi	- SPI utility commands
2703base	- print or set address offset
2704printenv- print environment variables
2705setenv	- set environment variables
2706saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage
2707protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection
2708erase	- erase FLASH memory
2709flinfo	- print FLASH memory information
2710bdinfo	- print Board Info structure
2711iminfo	- print header information for application image
2712coninfo - print console devices and informations
2713ide	- IDE sub-system
2714loop	- infinite loop on address range
2715loopw	- infinite write loop on address range
2716mtest	- simple RAM test
2717icache	- enable or disable instruction cache
2718dcache	- enable or disable data cache
2719reset	- Perform RESET of the CPU
2720echo	- echo args to console
2721version - print monitor version
2722help	- print online help
2723?	- alias for 'help'
2724
2725
2726Monitor Commands - Detailed Description:
2727========================================
2728
2729TODO.
2730
2731For now: just type "help <command>".
2732
2733
2734Environment Variables:
2735======================
2736
2737U-Boot supports user configuration using Environment Variables which
2738can be made persistent by saving to Flash memory.
2739
2740Environment Variables are set using "setenv", printed using
2741"printenv", and saved to Flash using "saveenv". Using "setenv"
2742without a value can be used to delete a variable from the
2743environment. As long as you don't save the environment you are
2744working with an in-memory copy. In case the Flash area containing the
2745environment is erased by accident, a default environment is provided.
2746
2747Some configuration options can be set using Environment Variables:
2748
2749  baudrate	- see CONFIG_BAUDRATE
2750
2751  bootdelay	- see CONFIG_BOOTDELAY
2752
2753  bootcmd	- see CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND
2754
2755  bootargs	- Boot arguments when booting an RTOS image
2756
2757  bootfile	- Name of the image to load with TFTP
2758
2759  bootm_low	- Memory range available for image processing in the bootm
2760		  command can be restricted. This variable is given as
2761		  a hexadecimal number and defines lowest address allowed
2762		  for use by the bootm command. See also "bootm_size"
2763		  environment variable. Address defined by "bootm_low" is
2764		  also the base of the initial memory mapping for the Linux
2765		  kernel -- see the descripton of CFG_BOOTMAPSZ.
2766
2767  bootm_size	- Memory range available for image processing in the bootm
2768		  command can be restricted. This variable is given as
2769		  a hexadecimal number and defines the size of the region
2770		  allowed for use by the bootm command. See also "bootm_low"
2771		  environment variable.
2772
2773  autoload	- if set to "no" (any string beginning with 'n'),
2774		  "bootp" will just load perform a lookup of the
2775		  configuration from the BOOTP server, but not try to
2776		  load any image using TFTP
2777
2778  autoscript	- if set to "yes" commands like "loadb", "loady",
2779		  "bootp", "tftpb", "rarpboot" and "nfs" will attempt
2780		  to automatically run script images (by internally
2781		  calling "autoscript").
2782
2783  autoscript_uname - if script image is in a format (FIT) this
2784		     variable is used to get script subimage unit name.
2785
2786  autostart	- if set to "yes", an image loaded using the "bootp",
2787		  "rarpboot", "tftpboot" or "diskboot" commands will
2788		  be automatically started (by internally calling
2789		  "bootm")
2790
2791		  If set to "no", a standalone image passed to the
2792		  "bootm" command will be copied to the load address
2793		  (and eventually uncompressed), but NOT be started.
2794		  This can be used to load and uncompress arbitrary
2795		  data.
2796
2797  i2cfast	- (PPC405GP|PPC405EP only)
2798		  if set to 'y' configures Linux I2C driver for fast
2799		  mode (400kHZ). This environment variable is used in
2800		  initialization code. So, for changes to be effective
2801		  it must be saved and board must be reset.
2802
2803  initrd_high	- restrict positioning of initrd images:
2804		  If this variable is not set, initrd images will be
2805		  copied to the highest possible address in RAM; this
2806		  is usually what you want since it allows for
2807		  maximum initrd size. If for some reason you want to
2808		  make sure that the initrd image is loaded below the
2809		  CFG_BOOTMAPSZ limit, you can set this environment
2810		  variable to a value of "no" or "off" or "0".
2811		  Alternatively, you can set it to a maximum upper
2812		  address to use (U-Boot will still check that it
2813		  does not overwrite the U-Boot stack and data).
2814
2815		  For instance, when you have a system with 16 MB
2816		  RAM, and want to reserve 4 MB from use by Linux,
2817		  you can do this by adding "mem=12M" to the value of
2818		  the "bootargs" variable. However, now you must make
2819		  sure that the initrd image is placed in the first
2820		  12 MB as well - this can be done with
2821
2822		  setenv initrd_high 00c00000
2823
2824		  If you set initrd_high to 0xFFFFFFFF, this is an
2825		  indication to U-Boot that all addresses are legal
2826		  for the Linux kernel, including addresses in flash
2827		  memory. In this case U-Boot will NOT COPY the
2828		  ramdisk at all. This may be useful to reduce the
2829		  boot time on your system, but requires that this
2830		  feature is supported by your Linux kernel.
2831
2832  ipaddr	- IP address; needed for tftpboot command
2833
2834  loadaddr	- Default load address for commands like "bootp",
2835		  "rarpboot", "tftpboot", "loadb" or "diskboot"
2836
2837  loads_echo	- see CONFIG_LOADS_ECHO
2838
2839  serverip	- TFTP server IP address; needed for tftpboot command
2840
2841  bootretry	- see CONFIG_BOOT_RETRY_TIME
2842
2843  bootdelaykey	- see CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_DELAY_STR
2844
2845  bootstopkey	- see CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_STOP_STR
2846
2847  ethprime	- When CONFIG_NET_MULTI is enabled controls which
2848		  interface is used first.
2849
2850  ethact	- When CONFIG_NET_MULTI is enabled controls which
2851		  interface is currently active. For example you
2852		  can do the following
2853
2854		  => setenv ethact FEC ETHERNET
2855		  => ping 192.168.0.1 # traffic sent on FEC ETHERNET
2856		  => setenv ethact SCC ETHERNET
2857		  => ping 10.0.0.1 # traffic sent on SCC ETHERNET
2858
2859  ethrotate	- When set to "no" U-Boot does not go through all
2860		  available network interfaces.
2861		  It just stays at the currently selected interface.
2862
2863   netretry	- When set to "no" each network operation will
2864		  either succeed or fail without retrying.
2865		  When set to "once" the network operation will
2866		  fail when all the available network interfaces
2867		  are tried once without success.
2868		  Useful on scripts which control the retry operation
2869		  themselves.
2870
2871  npe_ucode	- see CONFIG_IXP4XX_NPE_EXT_UCOD
2872		  if set load address for the npe microcode
2873
2874  tftpsrcport	- If this is set, the value is used for TFTP's
2875		  UDP source port.
2876
2877  tftpdstport	- If this is set, the value is used for TFTP's UDP
2878		  destination port instead of the Well Know Port 69.
2879
2880   vlan		- When set to a value < 4095 the traffic over
2881		  ethernet is encapsulated/received over 802.1q
2882		  VLAN tagged frames.
2883
2884The following environment variables may be used and automatically
2885updated by the network boot commands ("bootp" and "rarpboot"),
2886depending the information provided by your boot server:
2887
2888  bootfile	- see above
2889  dnsip		- IP address of your Domain Name Server
2890  dnsip2	- IP address of your secondary Domain Name Server
2891  gatewayip	- IP address of the Gateway (Router) to use
2892  hostname	- Target hostname
2893  ipaddr	- see above
2894  netmask	- Subnet Mask
2895  rootpath	- Pathname of the root filesystem on the NFS server
2896  serverip	- see above
2897
2898
2899There are two special Environment Variables:
2900
2901  serial#	- contains hardware identification information such
2902		  as type string and/or serial number
2903  ethaddr	- Ethernet address
2904
2905These variables can be set only once (usually during manufacturing of
2906the board). U-Boot refuses to delete or overwrite these variables
2907once they have been set once.
2908
2909
2910Further special Environment Variables:
2911
2912  ver		- Contains the U-Boot version string as printed
2913		  with the "version" command. This variable is
2914		  readonly (see CONFIG_VERSION_VARIABLE).
2915
2916
2917Please note that changes to some configuration parameters may take
2918only effect after the next boot (yes, that's just like Windoze :-).
2919
2920
2921Command Line Parsing:
2922=====================
2923
2924There are two different command line parsers available with U-Boot:
2925the old "simple" one, and the much more powerful "hush" shell:
2926
2927Old, simple command line parser:
2928--------------------------------
2929
2930- supports environment variables (through setenv / saveenv commands)
2931- several commands on one line, separated by ';'
2932- variable substitution using "... ${name} ..." syntax
2933- special characters ('$', ';') can be escaped by prefixing with '\',
2934  for example:
2935	setenv bootcmd bootm \${address}
2936- You can also escape text by enclosing in single apostrophes, for example:
2937	setenv addip 'setenv bootargs $bootargs ip=$ipaddr:$serverip:$gatewayip:$netmask:$hostname::off'
2938
2939Hush shell:
2940-----------
2941
2942- similar to Bourne shell, with control structures like
2943  if...then...else...fi, for...do...done; while...do...done,
2944  until...do...done, ...
2945- supports environment ("global") variables (through setenv / saveenv
2946  commands) and local shell variables (through standard shell syntax
2947  "name=value"); only environment variables can be used with "run"
2948  command
2949
2950General rules:
2951--------------
2952
2953(1) If a command line (or an environment variable executed by a "run"
2954    command) contains several commands separated by semicolon, and
2955    one of these commands fails, then the remaining commands will be
2956    executed anyway.
2957
2958(2) If you execute several variables with one call to run (i. e.
2959    calling run with a list af variables as arguments), any failing
2960    command will cause "run" to terminate, i. e. the remaining
2961    variables are not executed.
2962
2963Note for Redundant Ethernet Interfaces:
2964=======================================
2965
2966Some boards come with redundant ethernet interfaces; U-Boot supports
2967such configurations and is capable of automatic selection of a
2968"working" interface when needed. MAC assignment works as follows:
2969
2970Network interfaces are numbered eth0, eth1, eth2, ... Corresponding
2971MAC addresses can be stored in the environment as "ethaddr" (=>eth0),
2972"eth1addr" (=>eth1), "eth2addr", ...
2973
2974If the network interface stores some valid MAC address (for instance
2975in SROM), this is used as default address if there is NO correspon-
2976ding setting in the environment; if the corresponding environment
2977variable is set, this overrides the settings in the card; that means:
2978
2979o If the SROM has a valid MAC address, and there is no address in the
2980  environment, the SROM's address is used.
2981
2982o If there is no valid address in the SROM, and a definition in the
2983  environment exists, then the value from the environment variable is
2984  used.
2985
2986o If both the SROM and the environment contain a MAC address, and
2987  both addresses are the same, this MAC address is used.
2988
2989o If both the SROM and the environment contain a MAC address, and the
2990  addresses differ, the value from the environment is used and a
2991  warning is printed.
2992
2993o If neither SROM nor the environment contain a MAC address, an error
2994  is raised.
2995
2996
2997Image Formats:
2998==============
2999
3000U-Boot is capable of booting (and performing other auxiliary operations on)
3001images in two formats:
3002
3003New uImage format (FIT)
3004-----------------------
3005
3006Flexible and powerful format based on Flattened Image Tree -- FIT (similar
3007to Flattened Device Tree). It allows the use of images with multiple
3008components (several kernels, ramdisks, etc.), with contents protected by
3009SHA1, MD5 or CRC32. More details are found in the doc/uImage.FIT directory.
3010
3011
3012Old uImage format
3013-----------------
3014
3015Old image format is based on binary files which can be basically anything,
3016preceded by a special header; see the definitions in include/image.h for
3017details; basically, the header defines the following image properties:
3018
3019* Target Operating System (Provisions for OpenBSD, NetBSD, FreeBSD,
3020  4.4BSD, Linux, SVR4, Esix, Solaris, Irix, SCO, Dell, NCR, VxWorks,
3021  LynxOS, pSOS, QNX, RTEMS, ARTOS;
3022  Currently supported: Linux, NetBSD, VxWorks, QNX, RTEMS, ARTOS, LynxOS).
3023* Target CPU Architecture (Provisions for Alpha, ARM, AVR32, Intel x86,
3024  IA64, MIPS, NIOS, PowerPC, IBM S390, SuperH, Sparc, Sparc 64 Bit;
3025  Currently supported: ARM, AVR32, Intel x86, MIPS, NIOS, PowerPC).
3026* Compression Type (uncompressed, gzip, bzip2)
3027* Load Address
3028* Entry Point
3029* Image Name
3030* Image Timestamp
3031
3032The header is marked by a special Magic Number, and both the header
3033and the data portions of the image are secured against corruption by
3034CRC32 checksums.
3035
3036
3037Linux Support:
3038==============
3039
3040Although U-Boot should support any OS or standalone application
3041easily, the main focus has always been on Linux during the design of
3042U-Boot.
3043
3044U-Boot includes many features that so far have been part of some
3045special "boot loader" code within the Linux kernel. Also, any
3046"initrd" images to be used are no longer part of one big Linux image;
3047instead, kernel and "initrd" are separate images. This implementation
3048serves several purposes:
3049
3050- the same features can be used for other OS or standalone
3051  applications (for instance: using compressed images to reduce the
3052  Flash memory footprint)
3053
3054- it becomes much easier to port new Linux kernel versions because
3055  lots of low-level, hardware dependent stuff are done by U-Boot
3056
3057- the same Linux kernel image can now be used with different "initrd"
3058  images; of course this also means that different kernel images can
3059  be run with the same "initrd". This makes testing easier (you don't
3060  have to build a new "zImage.initrd" Linux image when you just
3061  change a file in your "initrd"). Also, a field-upgrade of the
3062  software is easier now.
3063
3064
3065Linux HOWTO:
3066============
3067
3068Porting Linux to U-Boot based systems:
3069---------------------------------------
3070
3071U-Boot cannot save you from doing all the necessary modifications to
3072configure the Linux device drivers for use with your target hardware
3073(no, we don't intend to provide a full virtual machine interface to
3074Linux :-).
3075
3076But now you can ignore ALL boot loader code (in arch/ppc/mbxboot).
3077
3078Just make sure your machine specific header file (for instance
3079include/asm-ppc/tqm8xx.h) includes the same definition of the Board
3080Information structure as we define in include/u-boot.h, and make
3081sure that your definition of IMAP_ADDR uses the same value as your
3082U-Boot configuration in CFG_IMMR.
3083
3084
3085Configuring the Linux kernel:
3086-----------------------------
3087
3088No specific requirements for U-Boot. Make sure you have some root
3089device (initial ramdisk, NFS) for your target system.
3090
3091
3092Building a Linux Image:
3093-----------------------
3094
3095With U-Boot, "normal" build targets like "zImage" or "bzImage" are
3096not used. If you use recent kernel source, a new build target
3097"uImage" will exist which automatically builds an image usable by
3098U-Boot. Most older kernels also have support for a "pImage" target,
3099which was introduced for our predecessor project PPCBoot and uses a
3100100% compatible format.
3101
3102Example:
3103
3104	make TQM850L_config
3105	make oldconfig
3106	make dep
3107	make uImage
3108
3109The "uImage" build target uses a special tool (in 'tools/mkimage') to
3110encapsulate a compressed Linux kernel image with header	 information,
3111CRC32 checksum etc. for use with U-Boot. This is what we are doing:
3112
3113* build a standard "vmlinux" kernel image (in ELF binary format):
3114
3115* convert the kernel into a raw binary image:
3116
3117	${CROSS_COMPILE}-objcopy -O binary \
3118				 -R .note -R .comment \
3119				 -S vmlinux linux.bin
3120
3121* compress the binary image:
3122
3123	gzip -9 linux.bin
3124
3125* package compressed binary image for U-Boot:
3126
3127	mkimage -A ppc -O linux -T kernel -C gzip \
3128		-a 0 -e 0 -n "Linux Kernel Image" \
3129		-d linux.bin.gz uImage
3130
3131
3132The "mkimage" tool can also be used to create ramdisk images for use
3133with U-Boot, either separated from the Linux kernel image, or
3134combined into one file. "mkimage" encapsulates the images with a 64
3135byte header containing information about target architecture,
3136operating system, image type, compression method, entry points, time
3137stamp, CRC32 checksums, etc.
3138
3139"mkimage" can be called in two ways: to verify existing images and
3140print the header information, or to build new images.
3141
3142In the first form (with "-l" option) mkimage lists the information
3143contained in the header of an existing U-Boot image; this includes
3144checksum verification:
3145
3146	tools/mkimage -l image
3147	  -l ==> list image header information
3148
3149The second form (with "-d" option) is used to build a U-Boot image
3150from a "data file" which is used as image payload:
3151
3152	tools/mkimage -A arch -O os -T type -C comp -a addr -e ep \
3153		      -n name -d data_file image
3154	  -A ==> set architecture to 'arch'
3155	  -O ==> set operating system to 'os'
3156	  -T ==> set image type to 'type'
3157	  -C ==> set compression type 'comp'
3158	  -a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex)
3159	  -e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex)
3160	  -n ==> set image name to 'name'
3161	  -d ==> use image data from 'datafile'
3162
3163Right now, all Linux kernels for PowerPC systems use the same load
3164address (0x00000000), but the entry point address depends on the
3165kernel version:
3166
3167- 2.2.x kernels have the entry point at 0x0000000C,
3168- 2.3.x and later kernels have the entry point at 0x00000000.
3169
3170So a typical call to build a U-Boot image would read:
3171
3172	-> tools/mkimage -n '2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L' \
3173	> -A ppc -O linux -T kernel -C gzip -a 0 -e 0 \
3174	> -d /opt/elsk/ppc_8xx/usr/src/linux-2.4.4/arch/ppc/coffboot/vmlinux.gz \
3175	> examples/uImage.TQM850L
3176	Image Name:   2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L
3177	Created:      Wed Jul 19 02:34:59 2000
3178	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
3179	Data Size:    335725 Bytes = 327.86 kB = 0.32 MB
3180	Load Address: 0x00000000
3181	Entry Point:  0x00000000
3182
3183To verify the contents of the image (or check for corruption):
3184
3185	-> tools/mkimage -l examples/uImage.TQM850L
3186	Image Name:   2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L
3187	Created:      Wed Jul 19 02:34:59 2000
3188	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
3189	Data Size:    335725 Bytes = 327.86 kB = 0.32 MB
3190	Load Address: 0x00000000
3191	Entry Point:  0x00000000
3192
3193NOTE: for embedded systems where boot time is critical you can trade
3194speed for memory and install an UNCOMPRESSED image instead: this
3195needs more space in Flash, but boots much faster since it does not
3196need to be uncompressed:
3197
3198	-> gunzip /opt/elsk/ppc_8xx/usr/src/linux-2.4.4/arch/ppc/coffboot/vmlinux.gz
3199	-> tools/mkimage -n '2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L' \
3200	> -A ppc -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0 -e 0 \
3201	> -d /opt/elsk/ppc_8xx/usr/src/linux-2.4.4/arch/ppc/coffboot/vmlinux \
3202	> examples/uImage.TQM850L-uncompressed
3203	Image Name:   2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L
3204	Created:      Wed Jul 19 02:34:59 2000
3205	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
3206	Data Size:    792160 Bytes = 773.59 kB = 0.76 MB
3207	Load Address: 0x00000000
3208	Entry Point:  0x00000000
3209
3210
3211Similar you can build U-Boot images from a 'ramdisk.image.gz' file
3212when your kernel is intended to use an initial ramdisk:
3213
3214	-> tools/mkimage -n 'Simple Ramdisk Image' \
3215	> -A ppc -O linux -T ramdisk -C gzip \
3216	> -d /LinuxPPC/images/SIMPLE-ramdisk.image.gz examples/simple-initrd
3217	Image Name:   Simple Ramdisk Image
3218	Created:      Wed Jan 12 14:01:50 2000
3219	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)
3220	Data Size:    566530 Bytes = 553.25 kB = 0.54 MB
3221	Load Address: 0x00000000
3222	Entry Point:  0x00000000
3223
3224
3225Installing a Linux Image:
3226-------------------------
3227
3228To downloading a U-Boot image over the serial (console) interface,
3229you must convert the image to S-Record format:
3230
3231	objcopy -I binary -O srec examples/image examples/image.srec
3232
3233The 'objcopy' does not understand the information in the U-Boot
3234image header, so the resulting S-Record file will be relative to
3235address 0x00000000. To load it to a given address, you need to
3236specify the target address as 'offset' parameter with the 'loads'
3237command.
3238
3239Example: install the image to address 0x40100000 (which on the
3240TQM8xxL is in the first Flash bank):
3241
3242	=> erase 40100000 401FFFFF
3243
3244	.......... done
3245	Erased 8 sectors
3246
3247	=> loads 40100000
3248	## Ready for S-Record download ...
3249	~>examples/image.srec
3250	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ...
3251	...
3252	15989 15990 15991 15992
3253	[file transfer complete]
3254	[connected]
3255	## Start Addr = 0x00000000
3256
3257
3258You can check the success of the download using the 'iminfo' command;
3259this includes a checksum verification so you can be sure no data
3260corruption happened:
3261
3262	=> imi 40100000
3263
3264	## Checking Image at 40100000 ...
3265	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for initrd on TQM850L
3266	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
3267	   Data Size:	 335725 Bytes = 327 kB = 0 MB
3268	   Load Address: 00000000
3269	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
3270	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
3271
3272
3273Boot Linux:
3274-----------
3275
3276The "bootm" command is used to boot an application that is stored in
3277memory (RAM or Flash). In case of a Linux kernel image, the contents
3278of the "bootargs" environment variable is passed to the kernel as
3279parameters. You can check and modify this variable using the
3280"printenv" and "setenv" commands:
3281
3282
3283	=> printenv bootargs
3284	bootargs=root=/dev/ram
3285
3286	=> setenv bootargs root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.2:/LinuxPPC nfsaddrs=10.0.0.99:10.0.0.2
3287
3288	=> printenv bootargs
3289	bootargs=root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.2:/LinuxPPC nfsaddrs=10.0.0.99:10.0.0.2
3290
3291	=> bootm 40020000
3292	## Booting Linux kernel at 40020000 ...
3293	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for NFS on TQM850L
3294	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
3295	   Data Size:	 381681 Bytes = 372 kB = 0 MB
3296	   Load Address: 00000000
3297	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
3298	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
3299	   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
3300	Linux version 2.2.13 (wd@denx.local.net) (gcc version 2.95.2 19991024 (release)) #1 Wed Jul 19 02:35:17 MEST 2000
3301	Boot arguments: root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.2:/LinuxPPC nfsaddrs=10.0.0.99:10.0.0.2
3302	time_init: decrementer frequency = 187500000/60
3303	Calibrating delay loop... 49.77 BogoMIPS
3304	Memory: 15208k available (700k kernel code, 444k data, 32k init) [c0000000,c1000000]
3305	...
3306
3307If you want to boot a Linux kernel with initial ram disk, you pass
3308the memory addresses of both the kernel and the initrd image (PPBCOOT
3309format!) to the "bootm" command:
3310
3311	=> imi 40100000 40200000
3312
3313	## Checking Image at 40100000 ...
3314	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for initrd on TQM850L
3315	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
3316	   Data Size:	 335725 Bytes = 327 kB = 0 MB
3317	   Load Address: 00000000
3318	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
3319	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
3320
3321	## Checking Image at 40200000 ...
3322	   Image Name:	 Simple Ramdisk Image
3323	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)
3324	   Data Size:	 566530 Bytes = 553 kB = 0 MB
3325	   Load Address: 00000000
3326	   Entry Point:	 00000000
3327	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
3328
3329	=> bootm 40100000 40200000
3330	## Booting Linux kernel at 40100000 ...
3331	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for initrd on TQM850L
3332	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
3333	   Data Size:	 335725 Bytes = 327 kB = 0 MB
3334	   Load Address: 00000000
3335	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
3336	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
3337	   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
3338	## Loading RAMDisk Image at 40200000 ...
3339	   Image Name:	 Simple Ramdisk Image
3340	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)
3341	   Data Size:	 566530 Bytes = 553 kB = 0 MB
3342	   Load Address: 00000000
3343	   Entry Point:	 00000000
3344	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
3345	   Loading Ramdisk ... OK
3346	Linux version 2.2.13 (wd@denx.local.net) (gcc version 2.95.2 19991024 (release)) #1 Wed Jul 19 02:32:08 MEST 2000
3347	Boot arguments: root=/dev/ram
3348	time_init: decrementer frequency = 187500000/60
3349	Calibrating delay loop... 49.77 BogoMIPS
3350	...
3351	RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
3352	VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
3353
3354	bash#
3355
3356Boot Linux and pass a flat device tree:
3357-----------
3358
3359First, U-Boot must be compiled with the appropriate defines. See the section
3360titled "Linux Kernel Interface" above for a more in depth explanation. The
3361following is an example of how to start a kernel and pass an updated
3362flat device tree:
3363
3364=> print oftaddr
3365oftaddr=0x300000
3366=> print oft
3367oft=oftrees/mpc8540ads.dtb
3368=> tftp $oftaddr $oft
3369Speed: 1000, full duplex
3370Using TSEC0 device
3371TFTP from server 192.168.1.1; our IP address is 192.168.1.101
3372Filename 'oftrees/mpc8540ads.dtb'.
3373Load address: 0x300000
3374Loading: #
3375done
3376Bytes transferred = 4106 (100a hex)
3377=> tftp $loadaddr $bootfile
3378Speed: 1000, full duplex
3379Using TSEC0 device
3380TFTP from server 192.168.1.1; our IP address is 192.168.1.2
3381Filename 'uImage'.
3382Load address: 0x200000
3383Loading:############
3384done
3385Bytes transferred = 1029407 (fb51f hex)
3386=> print loadaddr
3387loadaddr=200000
3388=> print oftaddr
3389oftaddr=0x300000
3390=> bootm $loadaddr - $oftaddr
3391## Booting image at 00200000 ...
3392   Image Name:	 Linux-2.6.17-dirty
3393   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
3394   Data Size:	 1029343 Bytes = 1005.2 kB
3395   Load Address: 00000000
3396   Entry Point:	 00000000
3397   Verifying Checksum ... OK
3398   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
3399Booting using flat device tree at 0x300000
3400Using MPC85xx ADS machine description
3401Memory CAM mapping: CAM0=256Mb, CAM1=256Mb, CAM2=0Mb residual: 0Mb
3402[snip]
3403
3404
3405More About U-Boot Image Types:
3406------------------------------
3407
3408U-Boot supports the following image types:
3409
3410   "Standalone Programs" are directly runnable in the environment
3411	provided by U-Boot; it is expected that (if they behave
3412	well) you can continue to work in U-Boot after return from
3413	the Standalone Program.
3414   "OS Kernel Images" are usually images of some Embedded OS which
3415	will take over control completely. Usually these programs
3416	will install their own set of exception handlers, device
3417	drivers, set up the MMU, etc. - this means, that you cannot
3418	expect to re-enter U-Boot except by resetting the CPU.
3419   "RAMDisk Images" are more or less just data blocks, and their
3420	parameters (address, size) are passed to an OS kernel that is
3421	being started.
3422   "Multi-File Images" contain several images, typically an OS
3423	(Linux) kernel image and one or more data images like
3424	RAMDisks. This construct is useful for instance when you want
3425	to boot over the network using BOOTP etc., where the boot
3426	server provides just a single image file, but you want to get
3427	for instance an OS kernel and a RAMDisk image.
3428
3429	"Multi-File Images" start with a list of image sizes, each
3430	image size (in bytes) specified by an "uint32_t" in network
3431	byte order. This list is terminated by an "(uint32_t)0".
3432	Immediately after the terminating 0 follow the images, one by
3433	one, all aligned on "uint32_t" boundaries (size rounded up to
3434	a multiple of 4 bytes).
3435
3436   "Firmware Images" are binary images containing firmware (like
3437	U-Boot or FPGA images) which usually will be programmed to
3438	flash memory.
3439
3440   "Script files" are command sequences that will be executed by
3441	U-Boot's command interpreter; this feature is especially
3442	useful when you configure U-Boot to use a real shell (hush)
3443	as command interpreter.
3444
3445
3446Standalone HOWTO:
3447=================
3448
3449One of the features of U-Boot is that you can dynamically load and
3450run "standalone" applications, which can use some resources of
3451U-Boot like console I/O functions or interrupt services.
3452
3453Two simple examples are included with the sources:
3454
3455"Hello World" Demo:
3456-------------------
3457
3458'examples/hello_world.c' contains a small "Hello World" Demo
3459application; it is automatically compiled when you build U-Boot.
3460It's configured to run at address 0x00040004, so you can play with it
3461like that:
3462
3463	=> loads
3464	## Ready for S-Record download ...
3465	~>examples/hello_world.srec
3466	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ...
3467	[file transfer complete]
3468	[connected]
3469	## Start Addr = 0x00040004
3470
3471	=> go 40004 Hello World! This is a test.
3472	## Starting application at 0x00040004 ...
3473	Hello World
3474	argc = 7
3475	argv[0] = "40004"
3476	argv[1] = "Hello"
3477	argv[2] = "World!"
3478	argv[3] = "This"
3479	argv[4] = "is"
3480	argv[5] = "a"
3481	argv[6] = "test."
3482	argv[7] = "<NULL>"
3483	Hit any key to exit ...
3484
3485	## Application terminated, rc = 0x0
3486
3487Another example, which demonstrates how to register a CPM interrupt
3488handler with the U-Boot code, can be found in 'examples/timer.c'.
3489Here, a CPM timer is set up to generate an interrupt every second.
3490The interrupt service routine is trivial, just printing a '.'
3491character, but this is just a demo program. The application can be
3492controlled by the following keys:
3493
3494	? - print current values og the CPM Timer registers
3495	b - enable interrupts and start timer
3496	e - stop timer and disable interrupts
3497	q - quit application
3498
3499	=> loads
3500	## Ready for S-Record download ...
3501	~>examples/timer.srec
3502	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ...
3503	[file transfer complete]
3504	[connected]
3505	## Start Addr = 0x00040004
3506
3507	=> go 40004
3508	## Starting application at 0x00040004 ...
3509	TIMERS=0xfff00980
3510	Using timer 1
3511	  tgcr @ 0xfff00980, tmr @ 0xfff00990, trr @ 0xfff00994, tcr @ 0xfff00998, tcn @ 0xfff0099c, ter @ 0xfff009b0
3512
3513Hit 'b':
3514	[q, b, e, ?] Set interval 1000000 us
3515	Enabling timer
3516Hit '?':
3517	[q, b, e, ?] ........
3518	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0xef6, ter=0x0
3519Hit '?':
3520	[q, b, e, ?] .
3521	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0x2ad4, ter=0x0
3522Hit '?':
3523	[q, b, e, ?] .
3524	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0x1efc, ter=0x0
3525Hit '?':
3526	[q, b, e, ?] .
3527	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0x169d, ter=0x0
3528Hit 'e':
3529	[q, b, e, ?] ...Stopping timer
3530Hit 'q':
3531	[q, b, e, ?] ## Application terminated, rc = 0x0
3532
3533
3534Minicom warning:
3535================
3536
3537Over time, many people have reported problems when trying to use the
3538"minicom" terminal emulation program for serial download. I (wd)
3539consider minicom to be broken, and recommend not to use it. Under
3540Unix, I recommend to use C-Kermit for general purpose use (and
3541especially for kermit binary protocol download ("loadb" command), and
3542use "cu" for S-Record download ("loads" command).
3543
3544Nevertheless, if you absolutely want to use it try adding this
3545configuration to your "File transfer protocols" section:
3546
3547	   Name	   Program			Name U/D FullScr IO-Red. Multi
3548	X  kermit  /usr/bin/kermit -i -l %l -s	 Y    U	   Y	   N	  N
3549	Y  kermit  /usr/bin/kermit -i -l %l -r	 N    D	   Y	   N	  N
3550
3551
3552NetBSD Notes:
3553=============
3554
3555Starting at version 0.9.2, U-Boot supports NetBSD both as host
3556(build U-Boot) and target system (boots NetBSD/mpc8xx).
3557
3558Building requires a cross environment; it is known to work on
3559NetBSD/i386 with the cross-powerpc-netbsd-1.3 package (you will also
3560need gmake since the Makefiles are not compatible with BSD make).
3561Note that the cross-powerpc package does not install include files;
3562attempting to build U-Boot will fail because <machine/ansi.h> is
3563missing.  This file has to be installed and patched manually:
3564
3565	# cd /usr/pkg/cross/powerpc-netbsd/include
3566	# mkdir powerpc
3567	# ln -s powerpc machine
3568	# cp /usr/src/sys/arch/powerpc/include/ansi.h powerpc/ansi.h
3569	# ${EDIT} powerpc/ansi.h	## must remove __va_list, _BSD_VA_LIST
3570
3571Native builds *don't* work due to incompatibilities between native
3572and U-Boot include files.
3573
3574Booting assumes that (the first part of) the image booted is a
3575stage-2 loader which in turn loads and then invokes the kernel
3576proper. Loader sources will eventually appear in the NetBSD source
3577tree (probably in sys/arc/mpc8xx/stand/u-boot_stage2/); in the
3578meantime, see ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/ppcboot_stage2.tar.gz
3579
3580
3581Implementation Internals:
3582=========================
3583
3584The following is not intended to be a complete description of every
3585implementation detail. However, it should help to understand the
3586inner workings of U-Boot and make it easier to port it to custom
3587hardware.
3588
3589
3590Initial Stack, Global Data:
3591---------------------------
3592
3593The implementation of U-Boot is complicated by the fact that U-Boot
3594starts running out of ROM (flash memory), usually without access to
3595system RAM (because the memory controller is not initialized yet).
3596This means that we don't have writable Data or BSS segments, and BSS
3597is not initialized as zero. To be able to get a C environment working
3598at all, we have to allocate at least a minimal stack. Implementation
3599options for this are defined and restricted by the CPU used: Some CPU
3600models provide on-chip memory (like the IMMR area on MPC8xx and
3601MPC826x processors), on others (parts of) the data cache can be
3602locked as (mis-) used as memory, etc.
3603
3604	Chris Hallinan posted a good summary of these issues to the
3605	u-boot-users mailing list:
3606
3607	Subject: RE: [U-Boot-Users] RE: More On Memory Bank x (nothingness)?
3608	From: "Chris Hallinan" <clh@net1plus.com>
3609	Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2003 16:43:46 -0500 (22:43 MET)
3610	...
3611
3612	Correct me if I'm wrong, folks, but the way I understand it
3613	is this: Using DCACHE as initial RAM for Stack, etc, does not
3614	require any physical RAM backing up the cache. The cleverness
3615	is that the cache is being used as a temporary supply of
3616	necessary storage before the SDRAM controller is setup. It's
3617	beyond the scope of this list to expain the details, but you
3618	can see how this works by studying the cache architecture and
3619	operation in the architecture and processor-specific manuals.
3620
3621	OCM is On Chip Memory, which I believe the 405GP has 4K. It
3622	is another option for the system designer to use as an
3623	initial stack/ram area prior to SDRAM being available. Either
3624	option should work for you. Using CS 4 should be fine if your
3625	board designers haven't used it for something that would
3626	cause you grief during the initial boot! It is frequently not
3627	used.
3628
3629	CFG_INIT_RAM_ADDR should be somewhere that won't interfere
3630	with your processor/board/system design. The default value
3631	you will find in any recent u-boot distribution in
3632	walnut.h should work for you. I'd set it to a value larger
3633	than your SDRAM module. If you have a 64MB SDRAM module, set
3634	it above 400_0000. Just make sure your board has no resources
3635	that are supposed to respond to that address! That code in
3636	start.S has been around a while and should work as is when
3637	you get the config right.
3638
3639	-Chris Hallinan
3640	DS4.COM, Inc.
3641
3642It is essential to remember this, since it has some impact on the C
3643code for the initialization procedures:
3644
3645* Initialized global data (data segment) is read-only. Do not attempt
3646  to write it.
3647
3648* Do not use any unitialized global data (or implicitely initialized
3649  as zero data - BSS segment) at all - this is undefined, initiali-
3650  zation is performed later (when relocating to RAM).
3651
3652* Stack space is very limited. Avoid big data buffers or things like
3653  that.
3654
3655Having only the stack as writable memory limits means we cannot use
3656normal global data to share information beween the code. But it
3657turned out that the implementation of U-Boot can be greatly
3658simplified by making a global data structure (gd_t) available to all
3659functions. We could pass a pointer to this data as argument to _all_
3660functions, but this would bloat the code. Instead we use a feature of
3661the GCC compiler (Global Register Variables) to share the data: we
3662place a pointer (gd) to the global data into a register which we
3663reserve for this purpose.
3664
3665When choosing a register for such a purpose we are restricted by the
3666relevant  (E)ABI  specifications for the current architecture, and by
3667GCC's implementation.
3668
3669For PowerPC, the following registers have specific use:
3670	R1:	stack pointer
3671	R2:	reserved for system use
3672	R3-R4:	parameter passing and return values
3673	R5-R10: parameter passing
3674	R13:	small data area pointer
3675	R30:	GOT pointer
3676	R31:	frame pointer
3677
3678	(U-Boot also uses R14 as internal GOT pointer.)
3679
3680    ==> U-Boot will use R2 to hold a pointer to the global data
3681
3682    Note: on PPC, we could use a static initializer (since the
3683    address of the global data structure is known at compile time),
3684    but it turned out that reserving a register results in somewhat
3685    smaller code - although the code savings are not that big (on
3686    average for all boards 752 bytes for the whole U-Boot image,
3687    624 text + 127 data).
3688
3689On Blackfin, the normal C ABI (except for P5) is followed as documented here:
3690	http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=application_binary_interface
3691
3692    ==> U-Boot will use P5 to hold a pointer to the global data
3693
3694On ARM, the following registers are used:
3695
3696	R0:	function argument word/integer result
3697	R1-R3:	function argument word
3698	R9:	GOT pointer
3699	R10:	stack limit (used only if stack checking if enabled)
3700	R11:	argument (frame) pointer
3701	R12:	temporary workspace
3702	R13:	stack pointer
3703	R14:	link register
3704	R15:	program counter
3705
3706    ==> U-Boot will use R8 to hold a pointer to the global data
3707
3708NOTE: DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR must be used with file-global scope,
3709or current versions of GCC may "optimize" the code too much.
3710
3711Memory Management:
3712------------------
3713
3714U-Boot runs in system state and uses physical addresses, i.e. the
3715MMU is not used either for address mapping nor for memory protection.
3716
3717The available memory is mapped to fixed addresses using the memory
3718controller. In this process, a contiguous block is formed for each
3719memory type (Flash, SDRAM, SRAM), even when it consists of several
3720physical memory banks.
3721
3722U-Boot is installed in the first 128 kB of the first Flash bank (on
3723TQM8xxL modules this is the range 0x40000000 ... 0x4001FFFF). After
3724booting and sizing and initializing DRAM, the code relocates itself
3725to the upper end of DRAM. Immediately below the U-Boot code some
3726memory is reserved for use by malloc() [see CFG_MALLOC_LEN
3727configuration setting]. Below that, a structure with global Board
3728Info data is placed, followed by the stack (growing downward).
3729
3730Additionally, some exception handler code is copied to the low 8 kB
3731of DRAM (0x00000000 ... 0x00001FFF).
3732
3733So a typical memory configuration with 16 MB of DRAM could look like
3734this:
3735
3736	0x0000 0000	Exception Vector code
3737	      :
3738	0x0000 1FFF
3739	0x0000 2000	Free for Application Use
3740	      :
3741	      :
3742
3743	      :
3744	      :
3745	0x00FB FF20	Monitor Stack (Growing downward)
3746	0x00FB FFAC	Board Info Data and permanent copy of global data
3747	0x00FC 0000	Malloc Arena
3748	      :
3749	0x00FD FFFF
3750	0x00FE 0000	RAM Copy of Monitor Code
3751	...		eventually: LCD or video framebuffer
3752	...		eventually: pRAM (Protected RAM - unchanged by reset)
3753	0x00FF FFFF	[End of RAM]
3754
3755
3756System Initialization:
3757----------------------
3758
3759In the reset configuration, U-Boot starts at the reset entry point
3760(on most PowerPC systens at address 0x00000100). Because of the reset
3761configuration for CS0# this is a mirror of the onboard Flash memory.
3762To be able to re-map memory U-Boot then jumps to its link address.
3763To be able to implement the initialization code in C, a (small!)
3764initial stack is set up in the internal Dual Ported RAM (in case CPUs
3765which provide such a feature like MPC8xx or MPC8260), or in a locked
3766part of the data cache. After that, U-Boot initializes the CPU core,
3767the caches and the SIU.
3768
3769Next, all (potentially) available memory banks are mapped using a
3770preliminary mapping. For example, we put them on 512 MB boundaries
3771(multiples of 0x20000000: SDRAM on 0x00000000 and 0x20000000, Flash
3772on 0x40000000 and 0x60000000, SRAM on 0x80000000). Then UPM A is
3773programmed for SDRAM access. Using the temporary configuration, a
3774simple memory test is run that determines the size of the SDRAM
3775banks.
3776
3777When there is more than one SDRAM bank, and the banks are of
3778different size, the largest is mapped first. For equal size, the first
3779bank (CS2#) is mapped first. The first mapping is always for address
37800x00000000, with any additional banks following immediately to create
3781contiguous memory starting from 0.
3782
3783Then, the monitor installs itself at the upper end of the SDRAM area
3784and allocates memory for use by malloc() and for the global Board
3785Info data; also, the exception vector code is copied to the low RAM
3786pages, and the final stack is set up.
3787
3788Only after this relocation will you have a "normal" C environment;
3789until that you are restricted in several ways, mostly because you are
3790running from ROM, and because the code will have to be relocated to a
3791new address in RAM.
3792
3793
3794U-Boot Porting Guide:
3795----------------------
3796
3797[Based on messages by Jerry Van Baren in the U-Boot-Users mailing
3798list, October 2002]
3799
3800
3801int main (int argc, char *argv[])
3802{
3803	sighandler_t no_more_time;
3804
3805	signal (SIGALRM, no_more_time);
3806	alarm (PROJECT_DEADLINE - toSec (3 * WEEK));
3807
3808	if (available_money > available_manpower) {
3809		pay consultant to port U-Boot;
3810		return 0;
3811	}
3812
3813	Download latest U-Boot source;
3814
3815	Subscribe to u-boot-users mailing list;
3816
3817	if (clueless) {
3818		email ("Hi, I am new to U-Boot, how do I get started?");
3819	}
3820
3821	while (learning) {
3822		Read the README file in the top level directory;
3823		Read http://www.denx.de/twiki/bin/view/DULG/Manual ;
3824		Read the source, Luke;
3825	}
3826
3827	if (available_money > toLocalCurrency ($2500)) {
3828		Buy a BDI2000;
3829	} else {
3830		Add a lot of aggravation and time;
3831	}
3832
3833	Create your own board support subdirectory;
3834
3835	Create your own board config file;
3836
3837	while (!running) {
3838		do {
3839			Add / modify source code;
3840		} until (compiles);
3841		Debug;
3842		if (clueless)
3843			email ("Hi, I am having problems...");
3844	}
3845	Send patch file to Wolfgang;
3846
3847	return 0;
3848}
3849
3850void no_more_time (int sig)
3851{
3852      hire_a_guru();
3853}
3854
3855
3856Coding Standards:
3857-----------------
3858
3859All contributions to U-Boot should conform to the Linux kernel
3860coding style; see the file "Documentation/CodingStyle" and the script
3861"scripts/Lindent" in your Linux kernel source directory.  In sources
3862originating from U-Boot a style corresponding to "Lindent -pcs" (adding
3863spaces before parameters to function calls) is actually used.
3864
3865Source files originating from a different project (for example the
3866MTD subsystem) are generally exempt from these guidelines and are not
3867reformated to ease subsequent migration to newer versions of those
3868sources.
3869
3870Please note that U-Boot is implemented in C (and to some small parts in
3871Assembler); no C++ is used, so please do not use C++ style comments (//)
3872in your code.
3873
3874Please also stick to the following formatting rules:
3875- remove any trailing white space
3876- use TAB characters for indentation, not spaces
3877- make sure NOT to use DOS '\r\n' line feeds
3878- do not add more than 2 empty lines to source files
3879- do not add trailing empty lines to source files
3880
3881Submissions which do not conform to the standards may be returned
3882with a request to reformat the changes.
3883
3884
3885Submitting Patches:
3886-------------------
3887
3888Since the number of patches for U-Boot is growing, we need to
3889establish some rules. Submissions which do not conform to these rules
3890may be rejected, even when they contain important and valuable stuff.
3891
3892Patches shall be sent to the u-boot-users mailing list.
3893
3894Please see http://www.denx.de/wiki/UBoot/Patches for details.
3895
3896When you send a patch, please include the following information with
3897it:
3898
3899* For bug fixes: a description of the bug and how your patch fixes
3900  this bug. Please try to include a way of demonstrating that the
3901  patch actually fixes something.
3902
3903* For new features: a description of the feature and your
3904  implementation.
3905
3906* A CHANGELOG entry as plaintext (separate from the patch)
3907
3908* For major contributions, your entry to the CREDITS file
3909
3910* When you add support for a new board, don't forget to add this
3911  board to the MAKEALL script, too.
3912
3913* If your patch adds new configuration options, don't forget to
3914  document these in the README file.
3915
3916* The patch itself. If you are using git (which is *strongly*
3917  recommended) you can easily generate the patch using the
3918  "git-format-patch". If you then use "git-send-email" to send it to
3919  the U-Boot mailing list, you will avoid most of the common problems
3920  with some other mail clients.
3921
3922  If you cannot use git, use "diff -purN OLD NEW". If your version of
3923  diff does not support these options, then get the latest version of
3924  GNU diff.
3925
3926  The current directory when running this command shall be the parent
3927  directory of the U-Boot source tree (i. e. please make sure that
3928  your patch includes sufficient directory information for the
3929  affected files).
3930
3931  We prefer patches as plain text. MIME attachments are discouraged,
3932  and compressed attachments must not be used.
3933
3934* If one logical set of modifications affects or creates several
3935  files, all these changes shall be submitted in a SINGLE patch file.
3936
3937* Changesets that contain different, unrelated modifications shall be
3938  submitted as SEPARATE patches, one patch per changeset.
3939
3940
3941Notes:
3942
3943* Before sending the patch, run the MAKEALL script on your patched
3944  source tree and make sure that no errors or warnings are reported
3945  for any of the boards.
3946
3947* Keep your modifications to the necessary minimum: A patch
3948  containing several unrelated changes or arbitrary reformats will be
3949  returned with a request to re-formatting / split it.
3950
3951* If you modify existing code, make sure that your new code does not
3952  add to the memory footprint of the code ;-) Small is beautiful!
3953  When adding new features, these should compile conditionally only
3954  (using #ifdef), and the resulting code with the new feature
3955  disabled must not need more memory than the old code without your
3956  modification.
3957
3958* Remember that there is a size limit of 40 kB per message on the
3959  u-boot-users mailing list. Bigger patches will be moderated. If
3960  they are reasonable and not bigger than 100 kB, they will be
3961  acknowledged. Even bigger patches should be avoided.
3962