1ARM Trusted Firmware Porting Guide 2================================== 3 4 5.. section-numbering:: 6 :suffix: . 7 8.. contents:: 9 10-------------- 11 12Introduction 13------------ 14 15Please note that this document has been updated for the new platform API 16as required by the PSCI v1.0 implementation. Please refer to the 17`Migration Guide`_ for the previous platform API. 18 19Porting the ARM Trusted Firmware to a new platform involves making some 20mandatory and optional modifications for both the cold and warm boot paths. 21Modifications consist of: 22 23- Implementing a platform-specific function or variable, 24- Setting up the execution context in a certain way, or 25- Defining certain constants (for example #defines). 26 27The platform-specific functions and variables are declared in 28`include/plat/common/platform.h`_. The firmware provides a default implementation 29of variables and functions to fulfill the optional requirements. These 30implementations are all weakly defined; they are provided to ease the porting 31effort. Each platform port can override them with its own implementation if the 32default implementation is inadequate. 33 34Platform ports that want to be aligned with standard ARM platforms (for example 35FVP and Juno) may also use `include/plat/arm/common/plat\_arm.h`_ and the 36corresponding source files in ``plat/arm/common/``. These provide standard 37implementations for some of the required platform porting functions. However, 38using these functions requires the platform port to implement additional 39ARM standard platform porting functions. These additional functions are not 40documented here. 41 42Some modifications are common to all Boot Loader (BL) stages. Section 2 43discusses these in detail. The subsequent sections discuss the remaining 44modifications for each BL stage in detail. 45 46This document should be read in conjunction with the ARM Trusted Firmware 47`User Guide`_. 48 49Common modifications 50-------------------- 51 52This section covers the modifications that should be made by the platform for 53each BL stage to correctly port the firmware stack. They are categorized as 54either mandatory or optional. 55 56Common mandatory modifications 57------------------------------ 58 59A platform port must enable the Memory Management Unit (MMU) as well as the 60instruction and data caches for each BL stage. Setting up the translation 61tables is the responsibility of the platform port because memory maps differ 62across platforms. A memory translation library (see ``lib/xlat_tables/``) is 63provided to help in this setup. 64 65Note that although this library supports non-identity mappings, this is intended 66only for re-mapping peripheral physical addresses and allows platforms with high 67I/O addresses to reduce their virtual address space. All other addresses 68corresponding to code and data must currently use an identity mapping. 69 70Also, the only translation granule size supported in Trusted Firmware is 4KB, as 71various parts of the code assume that is the case. It is not possible to switch 72to 16 KB or 64 KB granule sizes at the moment. 73 74In ARM standard platforms, each BL stage configures the MMU in the 75platform-specific architecture setup function, ``blX_plat_arch_setup()``, and uses 76an identity mapping for all addresses. 77 78If the build option ``USE_COHERENT_MEM`` is enabled, each platform can allocate a 79block of identity mapped secure memory with Device-nGnRE attributes aligned to 80page boundary (4K) for each BL stage. All sections which allocate coherent 81memory are grouped under ``coherent_ram``. For ex: Bakery locks are placed in a 82section identified by name ``bakery_lock`` inside ``coherent_ram`` so that its 83possible for the firmware to place variables in it using the following C code 84directive: 85 86:: 87 88 __section("bakery_lock") 89 90Or alternatively the following assembler code directive: 91 92:: 93 94 .section bakery_lock 95 96The ``coherent_ram`` section is a sum of all sections like ``bakery_lock`` which are 97used to allocate any data structures that are accessed both when a CPU is 98executing with its MMU and caches enabled, and when it's running with its MMU 99and caches disabled. Examples are given below. 100 101The following variables, functions and constants must be defined by the platform 102for the firmware to work correctly. 103 104File : platform\_def.h [mandatory] 105~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 106 107Each platform must ensure that a header file of this name is in the system 108include path with the following constants defined. This may require updating the 109list of ``PLAT_INCLUDES`` in the ``platform.mk`` file. In the ARM development 110platforms, this file is found in ``plat/arm/board/<plat_name>/include/``. 111 112Platform ports may optionally use the file `include/plat/common/common\_def.h`_, 113which provides typical values for some of the constants below. These values are 114likely to be suitable for all platform ports. 115 116Platform ports that want to be aligned with standard ARM platforms (for example 117FVP and Juno) may also use `include/plat/arm/common/arm\_def.h`_, which provides 118standard values for some of the constants below. However, this requires the 119platform port to define additional platform porting constants in 120``platform_def.h``. These additional constants are not documented here. 121 122- **#define : PLATFORM\_LINKER\_FORMAT** 123 124 Defines the linker format used by the platform, for example 125 ``elf64-littleaarch64``. 126 127- **#define : PLATFORM\_LINKER\_ARCH** 128 129 Defines the processor architecture for the linker by the platform, for 130 example ``aarch64``. 131 132- **#define : PLATFORM\_STACK\_SIZE** 133 134 Defines the normal stack memory available to each CPU. This constant is used 135 by `plat/common/aarch64/platform\_mp\_stack.S`_ and 136 `plat/common/aarch64/platform\_up\_stack.S`_. 137 138- **define : CACHE\_WRITEBACK\_GRANULE** 139 140 Defines the size in bits of the largest cache line across all the cache 141 levels in the platform. 142 143- **#define : FIRMWARE\_WELCOME\_STR** 144 145 Defines the character string printed by BL1 upon entry into the ``bl1_main()`` 146 function. 147 148- **#define : PLATFORM\_CORE\_COUNT** 149 150 Defines the total number of CPUs implemented by the platform across all 151 clusters in the system. 152 153- **#define : PLAT\_NUM\_PWR\_DOMAINS** 154 155 Defines the total number of nodes in the power domain topology 156 tree at all the power domain levels used by the platform. 157 This macro is used by the PSCI implementation to allocate 158 data structures to represent power domain topology. 159 160- **#define : PLAT\_MAX\_PWR\_LVL** 161 162 Defines the maximum power domain level that the power management operations 163 should apply to. More often, but not always, the power domain level 164 corresponds to affinity level. This macro allows the PSCI implementation 165 to know the highest power domain level that it should consider for power 166 management operations in the system that the platform implements. For 167 example, the Base AEM FVP implements two clusters with a configurable 168 number of CPUs and it reports the maximum power domain level as 1. 169 170- **#define : PLAT\_MAX\_OFF\_STATE** 171 172 Defines the local power state corresponding to the deepest power down 173 possible at every power domain level in the platform. The local power 174 states for each level may be sparsely allocated between 0 and this value 175 with 0 being reserved for the RUN state. The PSCI implementation uses this 176 value to initialize the local power states of the power domain nodes and 177 to specify the requested power state for a PSCI\_CPU\_OFF call. 178 179- **#define : PLAT\_MAX\_RET\_STATE** 180 181 Defines the local power state corresponding to the deepest retention state 182 possible at every power domain level in the platform. This macro should be 183 a value less than PLAT\_MAX\_OFF\_STATE and greater than 0. It is used by the 184 PSCI implementation to distinguish between retention and power down local 185 power states within PSCI\_CPU\_SUSPEND call. 186 187- **#define : PLAT\_MAX\_PWR\_LVL\_STATES** 188 189 Defines the maximum number of local power states per power domain level 190 that the platform supports. The default value of this macro is 2 since 191 most platforms just support a maximum of two local power states at each 192 power domain level (power-down and retention). If the platform needs to 193 account for more local power states, then it must redefine this macro. 194 195 Currently, this macro is used by the Generic PSCI implementation to size 196 the array used for PSCI\_STAT\_COUNT/RESIDENCY accounting. 197 198- **#define : BL1\_RO\_BASE** 199 200 Defines the base address in secure ROM where BL1 originally lives. Must be 201 aligned on a page-size boundary. 202 203- **#define : BL1\_RO\_LIMIT** 204 205 Defines the maximum address in secure ROM that BL1's actual content (i.e. 206 excluding any data section allocated at runtime) can occupy. 207 208- **#define : BL1\_RW\_BASE** 209 210 Defines the base address in secure RAM where BL1's read-write data will live 211 at runtime. Must be aligned on a page-size boundary. 212 213- **#define : BL1\_RW\_LIMIT** 214 215 Defines the maximum address in secure RAM that BL1's read-write data can 216 occupy at runtime. 217 218- **#define : BL2\_BASE** 219 220 Defines the base address in secure RAM where BL1 loads the BL2 binary image. 221 Must be aligned on a page-size boundary. 222 223- **#define : BL2\_LIMIT** 224 225 Defines the maximum address in secure RAM that the BL2 image can occupy. 226 227- **#define : BL31\_BASE** 228 229 Defines the base address in secure RAM where BL2 loads the BL31 binary 230 image. Must be aligned on a page-size boundary. 231 232- **#define : BL31\_LIMIT** 233 234 Defines the maximum address in secure RAM that the BL31 image can occupy. 235 236For every image, the platform must define individual identifiers that will be 237used by BL1 or BL2 to load the corresponding image into memory from non-volatile 238storage. For the sake of performance, integer numbers will be used as 239identifiers. The platform will use those identifiers to return the relevant 240information about the image to be loaded (file handler, load address, 241authentication information, etc.). The following image identifiers are 242mandatory: 243 244- **#define : BL2\_IMAGE\_ID** 245 246 BL2 image identifier, used by BL1 to load BL2. 247 248- **#define : BL31\_IMAGE\_ID** 249 250 BL31 image identifier, used by BL2 to load BL31. 251 252- **#define : BL33\_IMAGE\_ID** 253 254 BL33 image identifier, used by BL2 to load BL33. 255 256If Trusted Board Boot is enabled, the following certificate identifiers must 257also be defined: 258 259- **#define : TRUSTED\_BOOT\_FW\_CERT\_ID** 260 261 BL2 content certificate identifier, used by BL1 to load the BL2 content 262 certificate. 263 264- **#define : TRUSTED\_KEY\_CERT\_ID** 265 266 Trusted key certificate identifier, used by BL2 to load the trusted key 267 certificate. 268 269- **#define : SOC\_FW\_KEY\_CERT\_ID** 270 271 BL31 key certificate identifier, used by BL2 to load the BL31 key 272 certificate. 273 274- **#define : SOC\_FW\_CONTENT\_CERT\_ID** 275 276 BL31 content certificate identifier, used by BL2 to load the BL31 content 277 certificate. 278 279- **#define : NON\_TRUSTED\_FW\_KEY\_CERT\_ID** 280 281 BL33 key certificate identifier, used by BL2 to load the BL33 key 282 certificate. 283 284- **#define : NON\_TRUSTED\_FW\_CONTENT\_CERT\_ID** 285 286 BL33 content certificate identifier, used by BL2 to load the BL33 content 287 certificate. 288 289- **#define : FWU\_CERT\_ID** 290 291 Firmware Update (FWU) certificate identifier, used by NS\_BL1U to load the 292 FWU content certificate. 293 294- **#define : PLAT\_CRYPTOCELL\_BASE** 295 296 This defines the base address of ARM® TrustZone® CryptoCell and must be 297 defined if CryptoCell crypto driver is used for Trusted Board Boot. For 298 capable ARM platforms, this driver is used if ``ARM_CRYPTOCELL_INTEG`` is 299 set. 300 301If the AP Firmware Updater Configuration image, BL2U is used, the following 302must also be defined: 303 304- **#define : BL2U\_BASE** 305 306 Defines the base address in secure memory where BL1 copies the BL2U binary 307 image. Must be aligned on a page-size boundary. 308 309- **#define : BL2U\_LIMIT** 310 311 Defines the maximum address in secure memory that the BL2U image can occupy. 312 313- **#define : BL2U\_IMAGE\_ID** 314 315 BL2U image identifier, used by BL1 to fetch an image descriptor 316 corresponding to BL2U. 317 318If the SCP Firmware Update Configuration Image, SCP\_BL2U is used, the following 319must also be defined: 320 321- **#define : SCP\_BL2U\_IMAGE\_ID** 322 323 SCP\_BL2U image identifier, used by BL1 to fetch an image descriptor 324 corresponding to SCP\_BL2U. 325 NOTE: TF does not provide source code for this image. 326 327If the Non-Secure Firmware Updater ROM, NS\_BL1U is used, the following must 328also be defined: 329 330- **#define : NS\_BL1U\_BASE** 331 332 Defines the base address in non-secure ROM where NS\_BL1U executes. 333 Must be aligned on a page-size boundary. 334 NOTE: TF does not provide source code for this image. 335 336- **#define : NS\_BL1U\_IMAGE\_ID** 337 338 NS\_BL1U image identifier, used by BL1 to fetch an image descriptor 339 corresponding to NS\_BL1U. 340 341If the Non-Secure Firmware Updater, NS\_BL2U is used, the following must also 342be defined: 343 344- **#define : NS\_BL2U\_BASE** 345 346 Defines the base address in non-secure memory where NS\_BL2U executes. 347 Must be aligned on a page-size boundary. 348 NOTE: TF does not provide source code for this image. 349 350- **#define : NS\_BL2U\_IMAGE\_ID** 351 352 NS\_BL2U image identifier, used by BL1 to fetch an image descriptor 353 corresponding to NS\_BL2U. 354 355For the the Firmware update capability of TRUSTED BOARD BOOT, the following 356macros may also be defined: 357 358- **#define : PLAT\_FWU\_MAX\_SIMULTANEOUS\_IMAGES** 359 360 Total number of images that can be loaded simultaneously. If the platform 361 doesn't specify any value, it defaults to 10. 362 363If a SCP\_BL2 image is supported by the platform, the following constants must 364also be defined: 365 366- **#define : SCP\_BL2\_IMAGE\_ID** 367 368 SCP\_BL2 image identifier, used by BL2 to load SCP\_BL2 into secure memory 369 from platform storage before being transfered to the SCP. 370 371- **#define : SCP\_FW\_KEY\_CERT\_ID** 372 373 SCP\_BL2 key certificate identifier, used by BL2 to load the SCP\_BL2 key 374 certificate (mandatory when Trusted Board Boot is enabled). 375 376- **#define : SCP\_FW\_CONTENT\_CERT\_ID** 377 378 SCP\_BL2 content certificate identifier, used by BL2 to load the SCP\_BL2 379 content certificate (mandatory when Trusted Board Boot is enabled). 380 381If a BL32 image is supported by the platform, the following constants must 382also be defined: 383 384- **#define : BL32\_IMAGE\_ID** 385 386 BL32 image identifier, used by BL2 to load BL32. 387 388- **#define : TRUSTED\_OS\_FW\_KEY\_CERT\_ID** 389 390 BL32 key certificate identifier, used by BL2 to load the BL32 key 391 certificate (mandatory when Trusted Board Boot is enabled). 392 393- **#define : TRUSTED\_OS\_FW\_CONTENT\_CERT\_ID** 394 395 BL32 content certificate identifier, used by BL2 to load the BL32 content 396 certificate (mandatory when Trusted Board Boot is enabled). 397 398- **#define : BL32\_BASE** 399 400 Defines the base address in secure memory where BL2 loads the BL32 binary 401 image. Must be aligned on a page-size boundary. 402 403- **#define : BL32\_LIMIT** 404 405 Defines the maximum address that the BL32 image can occupy. 406 407If the Test Secure-EL1 Payload (TSP) instantiation of BL32 is supported by the 408platform, the following constants must also be defined: 409 410- **#define : TSP\_SEC\_MEM\_BASE** 411 412 Defines the base address of the secure memory used by the TSP image on the 413 platform. This must be at the same address or below ``BL32_BASE``. 414 415- **#define : TSP\_SEC\_MEM\_SIZE** 416 417 Defines the size of the secure memory used by the BL32 image on the 418 platform. ``TSP_SEC_MEM_BASE`` and ``TSP_SEC_MEM_SIZE`` must fully accomodate 419 the memory required by the BL32 image, defined by ``BL32_BASE`` and 420 ``BL32_LIMIT``. 421 422- **#define : TSP\_IRQ\_SEC\_PHY\_TIMER** 423 424 Defines the ID of the secure physical generic timer interrupt used by the 425 TSP's interrupt handling code. 426 427If the platform port uses the translation table library code, the following 428constants must also be defined: 429 430- **#define : PLAT\_XLAT\_TABLES\_DYNAMIC** 431 432 Optional flag that can be set per-image to enable the dynamic allocation of 433 regions even when the MMU is enabled. If not defined, only static 434 functionality will be available, if defined and set to 1 it will also 435 include the dynamic functionality. 436 437- **#define : MAX\_XLAT\_TABLES** 438 439 Defines the maximum number of translation tables that are allocated by the 440 translation table library code. To minimize the amount of runtime memory 441 used, choose the smallest value needed to map the required virtual addresses 442 for each BL stage. If ``PLAT_XLAT_TABLES_DYNAMIC`` flag is enabled for a BL 443 image, ``MAX_XLAT_TABLES`` must be defined to accommodate the dynamic regions 444 as well. 445 446- **#define : MAX\_MMAP\_REGIONS** 447 448 Defines the maximum number of regions that are allocated by the translation 449 table library code. A region consists of physical base address, virtual base 450 address, size and attributes (Device/Memory, RO/RW, Secure/Non-Secure), as 451 defined in the ``mmap_region_t`` structure. The platform defines the regions 452 that should be mapped. Then, the translation table library will create the 453 corresponding tables and descriptors at runtime. To minimize the amount of 454 runtime memory used, choose the smallest value needed to register the 455 required regions for each BL stage. If ``PLAT_XLAT_TABLES_DYNAMIC`` flag is 456 enabled for a BL image, ``MAX_MMAP_REGIONS`` must be defined to accommodate 457 the dynamic regions as well. 458 459- **#define : ADDR\_SPACE\_SIZE** 460 461 Defines the total size of the address space in bytes. For example, for a 32 462 bit address space, this value should be ``(1ull << 32)``. This definition is 463 now deprecated, platforms should use ``PLAT_PHY_ADDR_SPACE_SIZE`` and 464 ``PLAT_VIRT_ADDR_SPACE_SIZE`` instead. 465 466- **#define : PLAT\_VIRT\_ADDR\_SPACE\_SIZE** 467 468 Defines the total size of the virtual address space in bytes. For example, 469 for a 32 bit virtual address space, this value should be ``(1ull << 32)``. 470 471- **#define : PLAT\_PHY\_ADDR\_SPACE\_SIZE** 472 473 Defines the total size of the physical address space in bytes. For example, 474 for a 32 bit physical address space, this value should be ``(1ull << 32)``. 475 476If the platform port uses the IO storage framework, the following constants 477must also be defined: 478 479- **#define : MAX\_IO\_DEVICES** 480 481 Defines the maximum number of registered IO devices. Attempting to register 482 more devices than this value using ``io_register_device()`` will fail with 483 -ENOMEM. 484 485- **#define : MAX\_IO\_HANDLES** 486 487 Defines the maximum number of open IO handles. Attempting to open more IO 488 entities than this value using ``io_open()`` will fail with -ENOMEM. 489 490- **#define : MAX\_IO\_BLOCK\_DEVICES** 491 492 Defines the maximum number of registered IO block devices. Attempting to 493 register more devices this value using ``io_dev_open()`` will fail 494 with -ENOMEM. MAX\_IO\_BLOCK\_DEVICES should be less than MAX\_IO\_DEVICES. 495 With this macro, multiple block devices could be supported at the same 496 time. 497 498If the platform needs to allocate data within the per-cpu data framework in 499BL31, it should define the following macro. Currently this is only required if 500the platform decides not to use the coherent memory section by undefining the 501``USE_COHERENT_MEM`` build flag. In this case, the framework allocates the 502required memory within the the per-cpu data to minimize wastage. 503 504- **#define : PLAT\_PCPU\_DATA\_SIZE** 505 506 Defines the memory (in bytes) to be reserved within the per-cpu data 507 structure for use by the platform layer. 508 509The following constants are optional. They should be defined when the platform 510memory layout implies some image overlaying like in ARM standard platforms. 511 512- **#define : BL31\_PROGBITS\_LIMIT** 513 514 Defines the maximum address in secure RAM that the BL31's progbits sections 515 can occupy. 516 517- **#define : TSP\_PROGBITS\_LIMIT** 518 519 Defines the maximum address that the TSP's progbits sections can occupy. 520 521If the platform port uses the PL061 GPIO driver, the following constant may 522optionally be defined: 523 524- **PLAT\_PL061\_MAX\_GPIOS** 525 Maximum number of GPIOs required by the platform. This allows control how 526 much memory is allocated for PL061 GPIO controllers. The default value is 527 528 #. $(eval $(call add\_define,PLAT\_PL061\_MAX\_GPIOS)) 529 530If the platform port uses the partition driver, the following constant may 531optionally be defined: 532 533- **PLAT\_PARTITION\_MAX\_ENTRIES** 534 Maximum number of partition entries required by the platform. This allows 535 control how much memory is allocated for partition entries. The default 536 value is 128. 537 `For example, define the build flag in platform.mk`_: 538 PLAT\_PARTITION\_MAX\_ENTRIES := 12 539 $(eval $(call add\_define,PLAT\_PARTITION\_MAX\_ENTRIES)) 540 541The following constant is optional. It should be defined to override the default 542behaviour of the ``assert()`` function (for example, to save memory). 543 544- **PLAT\_LOG\_LEVEL\_ASSERT** 545 If ``PLAT_LOG_LEVEL_ASSERT`` is higher or equal than ``LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE``, 546 ``assert()`` prints the name of the file, the line number and the asserted 547 expression. Else if it is higher than ``LOG_LEVEL_INFO``, it prints the file 548 name and the line number. Else if it is lower than ``LOG_LEVEL_INFO``, it 549 doesn't print anything to the console. If ``PLAT_LOG_LEVEL_ASSERT`` isn't 550 defined, it defaults to ``LOG_LEVEL``. 551 552File : plat\_macros.S [mandatory] 553~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 554 555Each platform must ensure a file of this name is in the system include path with 556the following macro defined. In the ARM development platforms, this file is 557found in ``plat/arm/board/<plat_name>/include/plat_macros.S``. 558 559- **Macro : plat\_crash\_print\_regs** 560 561 This macro allows the crash reporting routine to print relevant platform 562 registers in case of an unhandled exception in BL31. This aids in debugging 563 and this macro can be defined to be empty in case register reporting is not 564 desired. 565 566 For instance, GIC or interconnect registers may be helpful for 567 troubleshooting. 568 569Handling Reset 570-------------- 571 572BL1 by default implements the reset vector where execution starts from a cold 573or warm boot. BL31 can be optionally set as a reset vector using the 574``RESET_TO_BL31`` make variable. 575 576For each CPU, the reset vector code is responsible for the following tasks: 577 578#. Distinguishing between a cold boot and a warm boot. 579 580#. In the case of a cold boot and the CPU being a secondary CPU, ensuring that 581 the CPU is placed in a platform-specific state until the primary CPU 582 performs the necessary steps to remove it from this state. 583 584#. In the case of a warm boot, ensuring that the CPU jumps to a platform- 585 specific address in the BL31 image in the same processor mode as it was 586 when released from reset. 587 588The following functions need to be implemented by the platform port to enable 589reset vector code to perform the above tasks. 590 591Function : plat\_get\_my\_entrypoint() [mandatory when PROGRAMMABLE\_RESET\_ADDRESS == 0] 592~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 593 594:: 595 596 Argument : void 597 Return : uintptr_t 598 599This function is called with the MMU and caches disabled 600(``SCTLR_EL3.M`` = 0 and ``SCTLR_EL3.C`` = 0). The function is responsible for 601distinguishing between a warm and cold reset for the current CPU using 602platform-specific means. If it's a warm reset, then it returns the warm 603reset entrypoint point provided to ``plat_setup_psci_ops()`` during 604BL31 initialization. If it's a cold reset then this function must return zero. 605 606This function does not follow the Procedure Call Standard used by the 607Application Binary Interface for the ARM 64-bit architecture. The caller should 608not assume that callee saved registers are preserved across a call to this 609function. 610 611This function fulfills requirement 1 and 3 listed above. 612 613Note that for platforms that support programming the reset address, it is 614expected that a CPU will start executing code directly at the right address, 615both on a cold and warm reset. In this case, there is no need to identify the 616type of reset nor to query the warm reset entrypoint. Therefore, implementing 617this function is not required on such platforms. 618 619Function : plat\_secondary\_cold\_boot\_setup() [mandatory when COLD\_BOOT\_SINGLE\_CPU == 0] 620~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 621 622:: 623 624 Argument : void 625 626This function is called with the MMU and data caches disabled. It is responsible 627for placing the executing secondary CPU in a platform-specific state until the 628primary CPU performs the necessary actions to bring it out of that state and 629allow entry into the OS. This function must not return. 630 631In the ARM FVP port, when using the normal boot flow, each secondary CPU powers 632itself off. The primary CPU is responsible for powering up the secondary CPUs 633when normal world software requires them. When booting an EL3 payload instead, 634they stay powered on and are put in a holding pen until their mailbox gets 635populated. 636 637This function fulfills requirement 2 above. 638 639Note that for platforms that can't release secondary CPUs out of reset, only the 640primary CPU will execute the cold boot code. Therefore, implementing this 641function is not required on such platforms. 642 643Function : plat\_is\_my\_cpu\_primary() [mandatory when COLD\_BOOT\_SINGLE\_CPU == 0] 644~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 645 646:: 647 648 Argument : void 649 Return : unsigned int 650 651This function identifies whether the current CPU is the primary CPU or a 652secondary CPU. A return value of zero indicates that the CPU is not the 653primary CPU, while a non-zero return value indicates that the CPU is the 654primary CPU. 655 656Note that for platforms that can't release secondary CPUs out of reset, only the 657primary CPU will execute the cold boot code. Therefore, there is no need to 658distinguish between primary and secondary CPUs and implementing this function is 659not required. 660 661Function : platform\_mem\_init() [mandatory] 662~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 663 664:: 665 666 Argument : void 667 Return : void 668 669This function is called before any access to data is made by the firmware, in 670order to carry out any essential memory initialization. 671 672Function: plat\_get\_rotpk\_info() 673~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 674 675:: 676 677 Argument : void *, void **, unsigned int *, unsigned int * 678 Return : int 679 680This function is mandatory when Trusted Board Boot is enabled. It returns a 681pointer to the ROTPK stored in the platform (or a hash of it) and its length. 682The ROTPK must be encoded in DER format according to the following ASN.1 683structure: 684 685:: 686 687 AlgorithmIdentifier ::= SEQUENCE { 688 algorithm OBJECT IDENTIFIER, 689 parameters ANY DEFINED BY algorithm OPTIONAL 690 } 691 692 SubjectPublicKeyInfo ::= SEQUENCE { 693 algorithm AlgorithmIdentifier, 694 subjectPublicKey BIT STRING 695 } 696 697In case the function returns a hash of the key: 698 699:: 700 701 DigestInfo ::= SEQUENCE { 702 digestAlgorithm AlgorithmIdentifier, 703 digest OCTET STRING 704 } 705 706The function returns 0 on success. Any other value is treated as error by the 707Trusted Board Boot. The function also reports extra information related 708to the ROTPK in the flags parameter: 709 710:: 711 712 ROTPK_IS_HASH : Indicates that the ROTPK returned by the platform is a 713 hash. 714 ROTPK_NOT_DEPLOYED : This allows the platform to skip certificate ROTPK 715 verification while the platform ROTPK is not deployed. 716 When this flag is set, the function does not need to 717 return a platform ROTPK, and the authentication 718 framework uses the ROTPK in the certificate without 719 verifying it against the platform value. This flag 720 must not be used in a deployed production environment. 721 722Function: plat\_get\_nv\_ctr() 723~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 724 725:: 726 727 Argument : void *, unsigned int * 728 Return : int 729 730This function is mandatory when Trusted Board Boot is enabled. It returns the 731non-volatile counter value stored in the platform in the second argument. The 732cookie in the first argument may be used to select the counter in case the 733platform provides more than one (for example, on platforms that use the default 734TBBR CoT, the cookie will correspond to the OID values defined in 735TRUSTED\_FW\_NVCOUNTER\_OID or NON\_TRUSTED\_FW\_NVCOUNTER\_OID). 736 737The function returns 0 on success. Any other value means the counter value could 738not be retrieved from the platform. 739 740Function: plat\_set\_nv\_ctr() 741~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 742 743:: 744 745 Argument : void *, unsigned int 746 Return : int 747 748This function is mandatory when Trusted Board Boot is enabled. It sets a new 749counter value in the platform. The cookie in the first argument may be used to 750select the counter (as explained in plat\_get\_nv\_ctr()). The second argument is 751the updated counter value to be written to the NV counter. 752 753The function returns 0 on success. Any other value means the counter value could 754not be updated. 755 756Function: plat\_set\_nv\_ctr2() 757~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 758 759:: 760 761 Argument : void *, const auth_img_desc_t *, unsigned int 762 Return : int 763 764This function is optional when Trusted Board Boot is enabled. If this 765interface is defined, then ``plat_set_nv_ctr()`` need not be defined. The 766first argument passed is a cookie and is typically used to 767differentiate between a Non Trusted NV Counter and a Trusted NV 768Counter. The second argument is a pointer to an authentication image 769descriptor and may be used to decide if the counter is allowed to be 770updated or not. The third argument is the updated counter value to 771be written to the NV counter. 772 773The function returns 0 on success. Any other value means the counter value 774either could not be updated or the authentication image descriptor indicates 775that it is not allowed to be updated. 776 777Common mandatory function modifications 778--------------------------------------- 779 780The following functions are mandatory functions which need to be implemented 781by the platform port. 782 783Function : plat\_my\_core\_pos() 784~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 785 786:: 787 788 Argument : void 789 Return : unsigned int 790 791This funtion returns the index of the calling CPU which is used as a 792CPU-specific linear index into blocks of memory (for example while allocating 793per-CPU stacks). This function will be invoked very early in the 794initialization sequence which mandates that this function should be 795implemented in assembly and should not rely on the avalability of a C 796runtime environment. This function can clobber x0 - x8 and must preserve 797x9 - x29. 798 799This function plays a crucial role in the power domain topology framework in 800PSCI and details of this can be found in `Power Domain Topology Design`_. 801 802Function : plat\_core\_pos\_by\_mpidr() 803~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 804 805:: 806 807 Argument : u_register_t 808 Return : int 809 810This function validates the ``MPIDR`` of a CPU and converts it to an index, 811which can be used as a CPU-specific linear index into blocks of memory. In 812case the ``MPIDR`` is invalid, this function returns -1. This function will only 813be invoked by BL31 after the power domain topology is initialized and can 814utilize the C runtime environment. For further details about how ARM Trusted 815Firmware represents the power domain topology and how this relates to the 816linear CPU index, please refer `Power Domain Topology Design`_. 817 818Common optional modifications 819----------------------------- 820 821The following are helper functions implemented by the firmware that perform 822common platform-specific tasks. A platform may choose to override these 823definitions. 824 825Function : plat\_set\_my\_stack() 826~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 827 828:: 829 830 Argument : void 831 Return : void 832 833This function sets the current stack pointer to the normal memory stack that 834has been allocated for the current CPU. For BL images that only require a 835stack for the primary CPU, the UP version of the function is used. The size 836of the stack allocated to each CPU is specified by the platform defined 837constant ``PLATFORM_STACK_SIZE``. 838 839Common implementations of this function for the UP and MP BL images are 840provided in `plat/common/aarch64/platform\_up\_stack.S`_ and 841`plat/common/aarch64/platform\_mp\_stack.S`_ 842 843Function : plat\_get\_my\_stack() 844~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 845 846:: 847 848 Argument : void 849 Return : uintptr_t 850 851This function returns the base address of the normal memory stack that 852has been allocated for the current CPU. For BL images that only require a 853stack for the primary CPU, the UP version of the function is used. The size 854of the stack allocated to each CPU is specified by the platform defined 855constant ``PLATFORM_STACK_SIZE``. 856 857Common implementations of this function for the UP and MP BL images are 858provided in `plat/common/aarch64/platform\_up\_stack.S`_ and 859`plat/common/aarch64/platform\_mp\_stack.S`_ 860 861Function : plat\_report\_exception() 862~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 863 864:: 865 866 Argument : unsigned int 867 Return : void 868 869A platform may need to report various information about its status when an 870exception is taken, for example the current exception level, the CPU security 871state (secure/non-secure), the exception type, and so on. This function is 872called in the following circumstances: 873 874- In BL1, whenever an exception is taken. 875- In BL2, whenever an exception is taken. 876 877The default implementation doesn't do anything, to avoid making assumptions 878about the way the platform displays its status information. 879 880For AArch64, this function receives the exception type as its argument. 881Possible values for exceptions types are listed in the 882`include/common/bl\_common.h`_ header file. Note that these constants are not 883related to any architectural exception code; they are just an ARM Trusted 884Firmware convention. 885 886For AArch32, this function receives the exception mode as its argument. 887Possible values for exception modes are listed in the 888`include/lib/aarch32/arch.h`_ header file. 889 890Function : plat\_reset\_handler() 891~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 892 893:: 894 895 Argument : void 896 Return : void 897 898A platform may need to do additional initialization after reset. This function 899allows the platform to do the platform specific intializations. Platform 900specific errata workarounds could also be implemented here. The api should 901preserve the values of callee saved registers x19 to x29. 902 903The default implementation doesn't do anything. If a platform needs to override 904the default implementation, refer to the `Firmware Design`_ for general 905guidelines. 906 907Function : plat\_disable\_acp() 908~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 909 910:: 911 912 Argument : void 913 Return : void 914 915This api allows a platform to disable the Accelerator Coherency Port (if 916present) during a cluster power down sequence. The default weak implementation 917doesn't do anything. Since this api is called during the power down sequence, 918it has restrictions for stack usage and it can use the registers x0 - x17 as 919scratch registers. It should preserve the value in x18 register as it is used 920by the caller to store the return address. 921 922Function : plat\_error\_handler() 923~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 924 925:: 926 927 Argument : int 928 Return : void 929 930This API is called when the generic code encounters an error situation from 931which it cannot continue. It allows the platform to perform error reporting or 932recovery actions (for example, reset the system). This function must not return. 933 934The parameter indicates the type of error using standard codes from ``errno.h``. 935Possible errors reported by the generic code are: 936 937- ``-EAUTH``: a certificate or image could not be authenticated (when Trusted 938 Board Boot is enabled) 939- ``-ENOENT``: the requested image or certificate could not be found or an IO 940 error was detected 941- ``-ENOMEM``: resources exhausted. Trusted Firmware does not use dynamic 942 memory, so this error is usually an indication of an incorrect array size 943 944The default implementation simply spins. 945 946Function : plat\_panic\_handler() 947~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 948 949:: 950 951 Argument : void 952 Return : void 953 954This API is called when the generic code encounters an unexpected error 955situation from which it cannot recover. This function must not return, 956and must be implemented in assembly because it may be called before the C 957environment is initialized. 958 959Note: The address from where it was called is stored in x30 (Link Register). 960The default implementation simply spins. 961 962Function : plat\_get\_bl\_image\_load\_info() 963~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 964 965:: 966 967 Argument : void 968 Return : bl_load_info_t * 969 970This function returns pointer to the list of images that the platform has 971populated to load. This function is currently invoked in BL2 to load the 972BL3xx images, when LOAD\_IMAGE\_V2 is enabled. 973 974Function : plat\_get\_next\_bl\_params() 975~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 976 977:: 978 979 Argument : void 980 Return : bl_params_t * 981 982This function returns a pointer to the shared memory that the platform has 983kept aside to pass trusted firmware related information that next BL image 984needs. This function is currently invoked in BL2 to pass this information to 985the next BL image, when LOAD\_IMAGE\_V2 is enabled. 986 987Function : plat\_get\_stack\_protector\_canary() 988~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 989 990:: 991 992 Argument : void 993 Return : u_register_t 994 995This function returns a random value that is used to initialize the canary used 996when the stack protector is enabled with ENABLE\_STACK\_PROTECTOR. A predictable 997value will weaken the protection as the attacker could easily write the right 998value as part of the attack most of the time. Therefore, it should return a 999true random number. 1000 1001Note: For the protection to be effective, the global data need to be placed at 1002a lower address than the stack bases. Failure to do so would allow an attacker 1003to overwrite the canary as part of the stack buffer overflow attack. 1004 1005Function : plat\_flush\_next\_bl\_params() 1006~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1007 1008:: 1009 1010 Argument : void 1011 Return : void 1012 1013This function flushes to main memory all the image params that are passed to 1014next image. This function is currently invoked in BL2 to flush this information 1015to the next BL image, when LOAD\_IMAGE\_V2 is enabled. 1016 1017Function : plat\_log\_get\_prefix() 1018~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1019 1020:: 1021 1022 Argument : unsigned int 1023 Return : const char * 1024 1025This function defines the prefix string corresponding to the `log_level` to be 1026prepended to all the log output from ARM Trusted Firmware. The `log_level` 1027(argument) will correspond to one of the standard log levels defined in 1028debug.h. The platform can override the common implementation to define a 1029different prefix string for the log output. The implementation should be 1030robust to future changes that increase the number of log levels. 1031 1032Modifications specific to a Boot Loader stage 1033--------------------------------------------- 1034 1035Boot Loader Stage 1 (BL1) 1036------------------------- 1037 1038BL1 implements the reset vector where execution starts from after a cold or 1039warm boot. For each CPU, BL1 is responsible for the following tasks: 1040 1041#. Handling the reset as described in section 2.2 1042 1043#. In the case of a cold boot and the CPU being the primary CPU, ensuring that 1044 only this CPU executes the remaining BL1 code, including loading and passing 1045 control to the BL2 stage. 1046 1047#. Identifying and starting the Firmware Update process (if required). 1048 1049#. Loading the BL2 image from non-volatile storage into secure memory at the 1050 address specified by the platform defined constant ``BL2_BASE``. 1051 1052#. Populating a ``meminfo`` structure with the following information in memory, 1053 accessible by BL2 immediately upon entry. 1054 1055 :: 1056 1057 meminfo.total_base = Base address of secure RAM visible to BL2 1058 meminfo.total_size = Size of secure RAM visible to BL2 1059 meminfo.free_base = Base address of secure RAM available for 1060 allocation to BL2 1061 meminfo.free_size = Size of secure RAM available for allocation to BL2 1062 1063 BL1 places this ``meminfo`` structure at the beginning of the free memory 1064 available for its use. Since BL1 cannot allocate memory dynamically at the 1065 moment, its free memory will be available for BL2's use as-is. However, this 1066 means that BL2 must read the ``meminfo`` structure before it starts using its 1067 free memory (this is discussed in Section 3.2). 1068 1069 In future releases of the ARM Trusted Firmware it will be possible for 1070 the platform to decide where it wants to place the ``meminfo`` structure for 1071 BL2. 1072 1073 BL1 implements the ``bl1_init_bl2_mem_layout()`` function to populate the 1074 BL2 ``meminfo`` structure. The platform may override this implementation, for 1075 example if the platform wants to restrict the amount of memory visible to 1076 BL2. Details of how to do this are given below. 1077 1078The following functions need to be implemented by the platform port to enable 1079BL1 to perform the above tasks. 1080 1081Function : bl1\_early\_platform\_setup() [mandatory] 1082~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1083 1084:: 1085 1086 Argument : void 1087 Return : void 1088 1089This function executes with the MMU and data caches disabled. It is only called 1090by the primary CPU. 1091 1092On ARM standard platforms, this function: 1093 1094- Enables a secure instance of SP805 to act as the Trusted Watchdog. 1095 1096- Initializes a UART (PL011 console), which enables access to the ``printf`` 1097 family of functions in BL1. 1098 1099- Enables issuing of snoop and DVM (Distributed Virtual Memory) requests to 1100 the CCI slave interface corresponding to the cluster that includes the 1101 primary CPU. 1102 1103Function : bl1\_plat\_arch\_setup() [mandatory] 1104~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1105 1106:: 1107 1108 Argument : void 1109 Return : void 1110 1111This function performs any platform-specific and architectural setup that the 1112platform requires. Platform-specific setup might include configuration of 1113memory controllers and the interconnect. 1114 1115In ARM standard platforms, this function enables the MMU. 1116 1117This function helps fulfill requirement 2 above. 1118 1119Function : bl1\_platform\_setup() [mandatory] 1120~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1121 1122:: 1123 1124 Argument : void 1125 Return : void 1126 1127This function executes with the MMU and data caches enabled. It is responsible 1128for performing any remaining platform-specific setup that can occur after the 1129MMU and data cache have been enabled. 1130 1131In ARM standard platforms, this function initializes the storage abstraction 1132layer used to load the next bootloader image. 1133 1134This function helps fulfill requirement 4 above. 1135 1136Function : bl1\_plat\_sec\_mem\_layout() [mandatory] 1137~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1138 1139:: 1140 1141 Argument : void 1142 Return : meminfo * 1143 1144This function should only be called on the cold boot path. It executes with the 1145MMU and data caches enabled. The pointer returned by this function must point to 1146a ``meminfo`` structure containing the extents and availability of secure RAM for 1147the BL1 stage. 1148 1149:: 1150 1151 meminfo.total_base = Base address of secure RAM visible to BL1 1152 meminfo.total_size = Size of secure RAM visible to BL1 1153 meminfo.free_base = Base address of secure RAM available for allocation 1154 to BL1 1155 meminfo.free_size = Size of secure RAM available for allocation to BL1 1156 1157This information is used by BL1 to load the BL2 image in secure RAM. BL1 also 1158populates a similar structure to tell BL2 the extents of memory available for 1159its own use. 1160 1161This function helps fulfill requirements 4 and 5 above. 1162 1163Function : bl1\_init\_bl2\_mem\_layout() [optional] 1164~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1165 1166:: 1167 1168 Argument : meminfo *, meminfo * 1169 Return : void 1170 1171BL1 needs to tell the next stage the amount of secure RAM available 1172for it to use. This information is populated in a ``meminfo`` 1173structure. 1174 1175Depending upon where BL2 has been loaded in secure RAM (determined by 1176``BL2_BASE``), BL1 calculates the amount of free memory available for BL2 to use. 1177BL1 also ensures that its data sections resident in secure RAM are not visible 1178to BL2. An illustration of how this is done in ARM standard platforms is given 1179in the **Memory layout on ARM development platforms** section in the 1180`Firmware Design`_. 1181 1182Function : bl1\_plat\_prepare\_exit() [optional] 1183~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1184 1185:: 1186 1187 Argument : entry_point_info_t * 1188 Return : void 1189 1190This function is called prior to exiting BL1 in response to the 1191``BL1_SMC_RUN_IMAGE`` SMC request raised by BL2. It should be used to perform 1192platform specific clean up or bookkeeping operations before transferring 1193control to the next image. It receives the address of the ``entry_point_info_t`` 1194structure passed from BL2. This function runs with MMU disabled. 1195 1196Function : bl1\_plat\_set\_ep\_info() [optional] 1197~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1198 1199:: 1200 1201 Argument : unsigned int image_id, entry_point_info_t *ep_info 1202 Return : void 1203 1204This function allows platforms to override ``ep_info`` for the given ``image_id``. 1205 1206The default implementation just returns. 1207 1208Function : bl1\_plat\_get\_next\_image\_id() [optional] 1209~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1210 1211:: 1212 1213 Argument : void 1214 Return : unsigned int 1215 1216This and the following function must be overridden to enable the FWU feature. 1217 1218BL1 calls this function after platform setup to identify the next image to be 1219loaded and executed. If the platform returns ``BL2_IMAGE_ID`` then BL1 proceeds 1220with the normal boot sequence, which loads and executes BL2. If the platform 1221returns a different image id, BL1 assumes that Firmware Update is required. 1222 1223The default implementation always returns ``BL2_IMAGE_ID``. The ARM development 1224platforms override this function to detect if firmware update is required, and 1225if so, return the first image in the firmware update process. 1226 1227Function : bl1\_plat\_get\_image\_desc() [optional] 1228~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1229 1230:: 1231 1232 Argument : unsigned int image_id 1233 Return : image_desc_t * 1234 1235BL1 calls this function to get the image descriptor information ``image_desc_t`` 1236for the provided ``image_id`` from the platform. 1237 1238The default implementation always returns a common BL2 image descriptor. ARM 1239standard platforms return an image descriptor corresponding to BL2 or one of 1240the firmware update images defined in the Trusted Board Boot Requirements 1241specification. 1242 1243Function : bl1\_plat\_fwu\_done() [optional] 1244~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1245 1246:: 1247 1248 Argument : unsigned int image_id, uintptr_t image_src, 1249 unsigned int image_size 1250 Return : void 1251 1252BL1 calls this function when the FWU process is complete. It must not return. 1253The platform may override this function to take platform specific action, for 1254example to initiate the normal boot flow. 1255 1256The default implementation spins forever. 1257 1258Function : bl1\_plat\_mem\_check() [mandatory] 1259~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1260 1261:: 1262 1263 Argument : uintptr_t mem_base, unsigned int mem_size, 1264 unsigned int flags 1265 Return : int 1266 1267BL1 calls this function while handling FWU related SMCs, more specifically when 1268copying or authenticating an image. Its responsibility is to ensure that the 1269region of memory identified by ``mem_base`` and ``mem_size`` is mapped in BL1, and 1270that this memory corresponds to either a secure or non-secure memory region as 1271indicated by the security state of the ``flags`` argument. 1272 1273This function can safely assume that the value resulting from the addition of 1274``mem_base`` and ``mem_size`` fits into a ``uintptr_t`` type variable and does not 1275overflow. 1276 1277This function must return 0 on success, a non-null error code otherwise. 1278 1279The default implementation of this function asserts therefore platforms must 1280override it when using the FWU feature. 1281 1282Boot Loader Stage 2 (BL2) 1283------------------------- 1284 1285The BL2 stage is executed only by the primary CPU, which is determined in BL1 1286using the ``platform_is_primary_cpu()`` function. BL1 passed control to BL2 at 1287``BL2_BASE``. BL2 executes in Secure EL1 and is responsible for: 1288 1289#. (Optional) Loading the SCP\_BL2 binary image (if present) from platform 1290 provided non-volatile storage. To load the SCP\_BL2 image, BL2 makes use of 1291 the ``meminfo`` returned by the ``bl2_plat_get_scp_bl2_meminfo()`` function. 1292 The platform also defines the address in memory where SCP\_BL2 is loaded 1293 through the optional constant ``SCP_BL2_BASE``. BL2 uses this information 1294 to determine if there is enough memory to load the SCP\_BL2 image. 1295 Subsequent handling of the SCP\_BL2 image is platform-specific and is 1296 implemented in the ``bl2_plat_handle_scp_bl2()`` function. 1297 If ``SCP_BL2_BASE`` is not defined then this step is not performed. 1298 1299#. Loading the BL31 binary image into secure RAM from non-volatile storage. To 1300 load the BL31 image, BL2 makes use of the ``meminfo`` structure passed to it 1301 by BL1. This structure allows BL2 to calculate how much secure RAM is 1302 available for its use. The platform also defines the address in secure RAM 1303 where BL31 is loaded through the constant ``BL31_BASE``. BL2 uses this 1304 information to determine if there is enough memory to load the BL31 image. 1305 1306#. (Optional) Loading the BL32 binary image (if present) from platform 1307 provided non-volatile storage. To load the BL32 image, BL2 makes use of 1308 the ``meminfo`` returned by the ``bl2_plat_get_bl32_meminfo()`` function. 1309 The platform also defines the address in memory where BL32 is loaded 1310 through the optional constant ``BL32_BASE``. BL2 uses this information 1311 to determine if there is enough memory to load the BL32 image. 1312 If ``BL32_BASE`` is not defined then this and the next step is not performed. 1313 1314#. (Optional) Arranging to pass control to the BL32 image (if present) that 1315 has been pre-loaded at ``BL32_BASE``. BL2 populates an ``entry_point_info`` 1316 structure in memory provided by the platform with information about how 1317 BL31 should pass control to the BL32 image. 1318 1319#. (Optional) Loading the normal world BL33 binary image (if not loaded by 1320 other means) into non-secure DRAM from platform storage and arranging for 1321 BL31 to pass control to this image. This address is determined using the 1322 ``plat_get_ns_image_entrypoint()`` function described below. 1323 1324#. BL2 populates an ``entry_point_info`` structure in memory provided by the 1325 platform with information about how BL31 should pass control to the 1326 other BL images. 1327 1328The following functions must be implemented by the platform port to enable BL2 1329to perform the above tasks. 1330 1331Function : bl2\_early\_platform\_setup() [mandatory] 1332~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1333 1334:: 1335 1336 Argument : meminfo * 1337 Return : void 1338 1339This function executes with the MMU and data caches disabled. It is only called 1340by the primary CPU. The arguments to this function is the address of the 1341``meminfo`` structure populated by BL1. 1342 1343The platform may copy the contents of the ``meminfo`` structure into a private 1344variable as the original memory may be subsequently overwritten by BL2. The 1345copied structure is made available to all BL2 code through the 1346``bl2_plat_sec_mem_layout()`` function. 1347 1348On ARM standard platforms, this function also: 1349 1350- Initializes a UART (PL011 console), which enables access to the ``printf`` 1351 family of functions in BL2. 1352 1353- Initializes the storage abstraction layer used to load further bootloader 1354 images. It is necessary to do this early on platforms with a SCP\_BL2 image, 1355 since the later ``bl2_platform_setup`` must be done after SCP\_BL2 is loaded. 1356 1357Function : bl2\_plat\_arch\_setup() [mandatory] 1358~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1359 1360:: 1361 1362 Argument : void 1363 Return : void 1364 1365This function executes with the MMU and data caches disabled. It is only called 1366by the primary CPU. 1367 1368The purpose of this function is to perform any architectural initialization 1369that varies across platforms. 1370 1371On ARM standard platforms, this function enables the MMU. 1372 1373Function : bl2\_platform\_setup() [mandatory] 1374~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1375 1376:: 1377 1378 Argument : void 1379 Return : void 1380 1381This function may execute with the MMU and data caches enabled if the platform 1382port does the necessary initialization in ``bl2_plat_arch_setup()``. It is only 1383called by the primary CPU. 1384 1385The purpose of this function is to perform any platform initialization 1386specific to BL2. 1387 1388In ARM standard platforms, this function performs security setup, including 1389configuration of the TrustZone controller to allow non-secure masters access 1390to most of DRAM. Part of DRAM is reserved for secure world use. 1391 1392Function : bl2\_plat\_sec\_mem\_layout() [mandatory] 1393~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1394 1395:: 1396 1397 Argument : void 1398 Return : meminfo * 1399 1400This function should only be called on the cold boot path. It may execute with 1401the MMU and data caches enabled if the platform port does the necessary 1402initialization in ``bl2_plat_arch_setup()``. It is only called by the primary CPU. 1403 1404The purpose of this function is to return a pointer to a ``meminfo`` structure 1405populated with the extents of secure RAM available for BL2 to use. See 1406``bl2_early_platform_setup()`` above. 1407 1408Following function is required only when LOAD\_IMAGE\_V2 is enabled. 1409 1410Function : bl2\_plat\_handle\_post\_image\_load() [mandatory] 1411~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1412 1413:: 1414 1415 Argument : unsigned int 1416 Return : int 1417 1418This function can be used by the platforms to update/use image information 1419for given ``image_id``. This function is currently invoked in BL2 to handle 1420BL image specific information based on the ``image_id`` passed, when 1421LOAD\_IMAGE\_V2 is enabled. 1422 1423Following functions are required only when LOAD\_IMAGE\_V2 is disabled. 1424 1425Function : bl2\_plat\_get\_scp\_bl2\_meminfo() [mandatory] 1426~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1427 1428:: 1429 1430 Argument : meminfo * 1431 Return : void 1432 1433This function is used to get the memory limits where BL2 can load the 1434SCP\_BL2 image. The meminfo provided by this is used by load\_image() to 1435validate whether the SCP\_BL2 image can be loaded within the given 1436memory from the given base. 1437 1438Function : bl2\_plat\_handle\_scp\_bl2() [mandatory] 1439~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1440 1441:: 1442 1443 Argument : image_info * 1444 Return : int 1445 1446This function is called after loading SCP\_BL2 image and it is used to perform 1447any platform-specific actions required to handle the SCP firmware. Typically it 1448transfers the image into SCP memory using a platform-specific protocol and waits 1449until SCP executes it and signals to the Application Processor (AP) for BL2 1450execution to continue. 1451 1452This function returns 0 on success, a negative error code otherwise. 1453 1454Function : bl2\_plat\_get\_bl31\_params() [mandatory] 1455~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1456 1457:: 1458 1459 Argument : void 1460 Return : bl31_params * 1461 1462BL2 platform code needs to return a pointer to a ``bl31_params`` structure it 1463will use for passing information to BL31. The ``bl31_params`` structure carries 1464the following information. 1465- Header describing the version information for interpreting the bl31\_param 1466structure 1467- Information about executing the BL33 image in the ``bl33_ep_info`` field 1468- Information about executing the BL32 image in the ``bl32_ep_info`` field 1469- Information about the type and extents of BL31 image in the 1470``bl31_image_info`` field 1471- Information about the type and extents of BL32 image in the 1472``bl32_image_info`` field 1473- Information about the type and extents of BL33 image in the 1474``bl33_image_info`` field 1475 1476The memory pointed by this structure and its sub-structures should be 1477accessible from BL31 initialisation code. BL31 might choose to copy the 1478necessary content, or maintain the structures until BL33 is initialised. 1479 1480Funtion : bl2\_plat\_get\_bl31\_ep\_info() [mandatory] 1481~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1482 1483:: 1484 1485 Argument : void 1486 Return : entry_point_info * 1487 1488BL2 platform code returns a pointer which is used to populate the entry point 1489information for BL31 entry point. The location pointed by it should be 1490accessible from BL1 while processing the synchronous exception to run to BL31. 1491 1492In ARM standard platforms this is allocated inside a bl2\_to\_bl31\_params\_mem 1493structure in BL2 memory. 1494 1495Function : bl2\_plat\_set\_bl31\_ep\_info() [mandatory] 1496~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1497 1498:: 1499 1500 Argument : image_info *, entry_point_info * 1501 Return : void 1502 1503In the normal boot flow, this function is called after loading BL31 image and 1504it can be used to overwrite the entry point set by loader and also set the 1505security state and SPSR which represents the entry point system state for BL31. 1506 1507When booting an EL3 payload instead, this function is called after populating 1508its entry point address and can be used for the same purpose for the payload 1509image. It receives a null pointer as its first argument in this case. 1510 1511Function : bl2\_plat\_set\_bl32\_ep\_info() [mandatory] 1512~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1513 1514:: 1515 1516 Argument : image_info *, entry_point_info * 1517 Return : void 1518 1519This function is called after loading BL32 image and it can be used to 1520overwrite the entry point set by loader and also set the security state 1521and SPSR which represents the entry point system state for BL32. 1522 1523Function : bl2\_plat\_set\_bl33\_ep\_info() [mandatory] 1524~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1525 1526:: 1527 1528 Argument : image_info *, entry_point_info * 1529 Return : void 1530 1531This function is called after loading BL33 image and it can be used to 1532overwrite the entry point set by loader and also set the security state 1533and SPSR which represents the entry point system state for BL33. 1534 1535In the preloaded BL33 alternative boot flow, this function is called after 1536populating its entry point address. It is passed a null pointer as its first 1537argument in this case. 1538 1539Function : bl2\_plat\_get\_bl32\_meminfo() [mandatory] 1540~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1541 1542:: 1543 1544 Argument : meminfo * 1545 Return : void 1546 1547This function is used to get the memory limits where BL2 can load the 1548BL32 image. The meminfo provided by this is used by load\_image() to 1549validate whether the BL32 image can be loaded with in the given 1550memory from the given base. 1551 1552Function : bl2\_plat\_get\_bl33\_meminfo() [mandatory] 1553~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1554 1555:: 1556 1557 Argument : meminfo * 1558 Return : void 1559 1560This function is used to get the memory limits where BL2 can load the 1561BL33 image. The meminfo provided by this is used by load\_image() to 1562validate whether the BL33 image can be loaded with in the given 1563memory from the given base. 1564 1565This function isn't needed if either ``PRELOADED_BL33_BASE`` or ``EL3_PAYLOAD_BASE`` 1566build options are used. 1567 1568Function : bl2\_plat\_flush\_bl31\_params() [mandatory] 1569~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1570 1571:: 1572 1573 Argument : void 1574 Return : void 1575 1576Once BL2 has populated all the structures that needs to be read by BL1 1577and BL31 including the bl31\_params structures and its sub-structures, 1578the bl31\_ep\_info structure and any platform specific data. It flushes 1579all these data to the main memory so that it is available when we jump to 1580later Bootloader stages with MMU off 1581 1582Function : plat\_get\_ns\_image\_entrypoint() [mandatory] 1583~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1584 1585:: 1586 1587 Argument : void 1588 Return : uintptr_t 1589 1590As previously described, BL2 is responsible for arranging for control to be 1591passed to a normal world BL image through BL31. This function returns the 1592entrypoint of that image, which BL31 uses to jump to it. 1593 1594BL2 is responsible for loading the normal world BL33 image (e.g. UEFI). 1595 1596This function isn't needed if either ``PRELOADED_BL33_BASE`` or ``EL3_PAYLOAD_BASE`` 1597build options are used. 1598 1599Function : bl2\_plat\_preload\_setup [optional] 1600~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1601 1602:: 1603 Argument : void 1604 Return : void 1605 1606This optional function performs any BL2 platform initialization 1607required before image loading, that is not done later in 1608bl2\_platform\_setup(). Specifically, if support for multiple 1609boot sources is required, it initializes the boot sequence used by 1610plat\_try\_next\_boot\_source(). 1611 1612Function : plat\_try\_next\_boot\_source() [optional] 1613~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1614 1615:: 1616 Argument : void 1617 Return : int 1618 1619This optional function passes to the next boot source in the redundancy 1620sequence. 1621 1622This function moves the current boot redundancy source to the next 1623element in the boot sequence. If there are no more boot sources then it 1624must return 0, otherwise it must return 1. The default implementation 1625of this always returns 0. 1626 1627Boot Loader Stage 2 (BL2) at EL3 1628-------------------------------- 1629 1630When the platform has a non-TF Boot ROM it is desirable to jump 1631directly to BL2 instead of TF BL1. In this case BL2 is expected to 1632execute at EL3 instead of executing at EL1. Refer to the `Firmware 1633Design`_ for more information. 1634 1635All mandatory functions of BL2 must be implemented, except the functions 1636bl2\_early\_platform\_setup and bl2\_el3\_plat\_arch\_setup, because 1637their work is done now by bl2\_el3\_early\_platform\_setup and 1638bl2\_el3\_plat\_arch\_setup. These functions should generally implement 1639the bl1\_plat\_xxx() and bl2\_plat\_xxx() functionality combined. 1640 1641 1642Function : bl2\_el3\_early\_platform\_setup() [mandatory] 1643~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1644 1645:: 1646 Argument : u_register_t, u_register_t, u_register_t, u_register_t 1647 Return : void 1648 1649This function executes with the MMU and data caches disabled. It is only called 1650by the primary CPU. This function receives four parameters which can be used 1651by the platform to pass any needed information from the Boot ROM to BL2. 1652 1653On ARM standard platforms, this function does the following: 1654 1655- Initializes a UART (PL011 console), which enables access to the ``printf`` 1656 family of functions in BL2. 1657 1658- Initializes the storage abstraction layer used to load further bootloader 1659 images. It is necessary to do this early on platforms with a SCP\_BL2 image, 1660 since the later ``bl2_platform_setup`` must be done after SCP\_BL2 is loaded. 1661 1662- Initializes the private variables that define the memory layout used. 1663 1664Function : bl2\_el3\_plat\_arch\_setup() [mandatory] 1665~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1666 1667:: 1668 Argument : void 1669 Return : void 1670 1671This function executes with the MMU and data caches disabled. It is only called 1672by the primary CPU. 1673 1674The purpose of this function is to perform any architectural initialization 1675that varies across platforms. 1676 1677On ARM standard platforms, this function enables the MMU. 1678 1679Function : bl2\_el3\_plat\_prepare\_exit() [optional] 1680~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1681 1682:: 1683 Argument : void 1684 Return : void 1685 1686This function is called prior to exiting BL2 and run the next image. 1687It should be used to perform platform specific clean up or bookkeeping 1688operations before transferring control to the next image. This function 1689runs with MMU disabled. 1690 1691FWU Boot Loader Stage 2 (BL2U) 1692------------------------------ 1693 1694The AP Firmware Updater Configuration, BL2U, is an optional part of the FWU 1695process and is executed only by the primary CPU. BL1 passes control to BL2U at 1696``BL2U_BASE``. BL2U executes in Secure-EL1 and is responsible for: 1697 1698#. (Optional) Transfering the optional SCP\_BL2U binary image from AP secure 1699 memory to SCP RAM. BL2U uses the SCP\_BL2U ``image_info`` passed by BL1. 1700 ``SCP_BL2U_BASE`` defines the address in AP secure memory where SCP\_BL2U 1701 should be copied from. Subsequent handling of the SCP\_BL2U image is 1702 implemented by the platform specific ``bl2u_plat_handle_scp_bl2u()`` function. 1703 If ``SCP_BL2U_BASE`` is not defined then this step is not performed. 1704 1705#. Any platform specific setup required to perform the FWU process. For 1706 example, ARM standard platforms initialize the TZC controller so that the 1707 normal world can access DDR memory. 1708 1709The following functions must be implemented by the platform port to enable 1710BL2U to perform the tasks mentioned above. 1711 1712Function : bl2u\_early\_platform\_setup() [mandatory] 1713~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1714 1715:: 1716 1717 Argument : meminfo *mem_info, void *plat_info 1718 Return : void 1719 1720This function executes with the MMU and data caches disabled. It is only 1721called by the primary CPU. The arguments to this function is the address 1722of the ``meminfo`` structure and platform specific info provided by BL1. 1723 1724The platform may copy the contents of the ``mem_info`` and ``plat_info`` into 1725private storage as the original memory may be subsequently overwritten by BL2U. 1726 1727On ARM CSS platforms ``plat_info`` is interpreted as an ``image_info_t`` structure, 1728to extract SCP\_BL2U image information, which is then copied into a private 1729variable. 1730 1731Function : bl2u\_plat\_arch\_setup() [mandatory] 1732~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1733 1734:: 1735 1736 Argument : void 1737 Return : void 1738 1739This function executes with the MMU and data caches disabled. It is only 1740called by the primary CPU. 1741 1742The purpose of this function is to perform any architectural initialization 1743that varies across platforms, for example enabling the MMU (since the memory 1744map differs across platforms). 1745 1746Function : bl2u\_platform\_setup() [mandatory] 1747~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1748 1749:: 1750 1751 Argument : void 1752 Return : void 1753 1754This function may execute with the MMU and data caches enabled if the platform 1755port does the necessary initialization in ``bl2u_plat_arch_setup()``. It is only 1756called by the primary CPU. 1757 1758The purpose of this function is to perform any platform initialization 1759specific to BL2U. 1760 1761In ARM standard platforms, this function performs security setup, including 1762configuration of the TrustZone controller to allow non-secure masters access 1763to most of DRAM. Part of DRAM is reserved for secure world use. 1764 1765Function : bl2u\_plat\_handle\_scp\_bl2u() [optional] 1766~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1767 1768:: 1769 1770 Argument : void 1771 Return : int 1772 1773This function is used to perform any platform-specific actions required to 1774handle the SCP firmware. Typically it transfers the image into SCP memory using 1775a platform-specific protocol and waits until SCP executes it and signals to the 1776Application Processor (AP) for BL2U execution to continue. 1777 1778This function returns 0 on success, a negative error code otherwise. 1779This function is included if SCP\_BL2U\_BASE is defined. 1780 1781Boot Loader Stage 3-1 (BL31) 1782---------------------------- 1783 1784During cold boot, the BL31 stage is executed only by the primary CPU. This is 1785determined in BL1 using the ``platform_is_primary_cpu()`` function. BL1 passes 1786control to BL31 at ``BL31_BASE``. During warm boot, BL31 is executed by all 1787CPUs. BL31 executes at EL3 and is responsible for: 1788 1789#. Re-initializing all architectural and platform state. Although BL1 performs 1790 some of this initialization, BL31 remains resident in EL3 and must ensure 1791 that EL3 architectural and platform state is completely initialized. It 1792 should make no assumptions about the system state when it receives control. 1793 1794#. Passing control to a normal world BL image, pre-loaded at a platform- 1795 specific address by BL2. BL31 uses the ``entry_point_info`` structure that BL2 1796 populated in memory to do this. 1797 1798#. Providing runtime firmware services. Currently, BL31 only implements a 1799 subset of the Power State Coordination Interface (PSCI) API as a runtime 1800 service. See Section 3.3 below for details of porting the PSCI 1801 implementation. 1802 1803#. Optionally passing control to the BL32 image, pre-loaded at a platform- 1804 specific address by BL2. BL31 exports a set of apis that allow runtime 1805 services to specify the security state in which the next image should be 1806 executed and run the corresponding image. BL31 uses the ``entry_point_info`` 1807 structure populated by BL2 to do this. 1808 1809If BL31 is a reset vector, It also needs to handle the reset as specified in 1810section 2.2 before the tasks described above. 1811 1812The following functions must be implemented by the platform port to enable BL31 1813to perform the above tasks. 1814 1815Function : bl31\_early\_platform\_setup() [mandatory] 1816~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1817 1818:: 1819 1820 Argument : bl31_params *, void * 1821 Return : void 1822 1823This function executes with the MMU and data caches disabled. It is only called 1824by the primary CPU. The arguments to this function are: 1825 1826- The address of the ``bl31_params`` structure populated by BL2. 1827- An opaque pointer that the platform may use as needed. 1828 1829The platform can copy the contents of the ``bl31_params`` structure and its 1830sub-structures into private variables if the original memory may be 1831subsequently overwritten by BL31 and similarly the ``void *`` pointing 1832to the platform data also needs to be saved. 1833 1834In ARM standard platforms, BL2 passes a pointer to a ``bl31_params`` structure 1835in BL2 memory. BL31 copies the information in this pointer to internal data 1836structures. It also performs the following: 1837 1838- Initialize a UART (PL011 console), which enables access to the ``printf`` 1839 family of functions in BL31. 1840 1841- Enable issuing of snoop and DVM (Distributed Virtual Memory) requests to the 1842 CCI slave interface corresponding to the cluster that includes the primary 1843 CPU. 1844 1845Function : bl31\_plat\_arch\_setup() [mandatory] 1846~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1847 1848:: 1849 1850 Argument : void 1851 Return : void 1852 1853This function executes with the MMU and data caches disabled. It is only called 1854by the primary CPU. 1855 1856The purpose of this function is to perform any architectural initialization 1857that varies across platforms. 1858 1859On ARM standard platforms, this function enables the MMU. 1860 1861Function : bl31\_platform\_setup() [mandatory] 1862~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1863 1864:: 1865 1866 Argument : void 1867 Return : void 1868 1869This function may execute with the MMU and data caches enabled if the platform 1870port does the necessary initialization in ``bl31_plat_arch_setup()``. It is only 1871called by the primary CPU. 1872 1873The purpose of this function is to complete platform initialization so that both 1874BL31 runtime services and normal world software can function correctly. 1875 1876On ARM standard platforms, this function does the following: 1877 1878- Initialize the generic interrupt controller. 1879 1880 Depending on the GIC driver selected by the platform, the appropriate GICv2 1881 or GICv3 initialization will be done, which mainly consists of: 1882 1883 - Enable secure interrupts in the GIC CPU interface. 1884 - Disable the legacy interrupt bypass mechanism. 1885 - Configure the priority mask register to allow interrupts of all priorities 1886 to be signaled to the CPU interface. 1887 - Mark SGIs 8-15 and the other secure interrupts on the platform as secure. 1888 - Target all secure SPIs to CPU0. 1889 - Enable these secure interrupts in the GIC distributor. 1890 - Configure all other interrupts as non-secure. 1891 - Enable signaling of secure interrupts in the GIC distributor. 1892 1893- Enable system-level implementation of the generic timer counter through the 1894 memory mapped interface. 1895 1896- Grant access to the system counter timer module 1897 1898- Initialize the power controller device. 1899 1900 In particular, initialise the locks that prevent concurrent accesses to the 1901 power controller device. 1902 1903Function : bl31\_plat\_runtime\_setup() [optional] 1904~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1905 1906:: 1907 1908 Argument : void 1909 Return : void 1910 1911The purpose of this function is allow the platform to perform any BL31 runtime 1912setup just prior to BL31 exit during cold boot. The default weak 1913implementation of this function will invoke ``console_uninit()`` which will 1914suppress any BL31 runtime logs. 1915 1916In ARM Standard platforms, this function will initialize the BL31 runtime 1917console which will cause all further BL31 logs to be output to the 1918runtime console. 1919 1920Function : bl31\_get\_next\_image\_info() [mandatory] 1921~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1922 1923:: 1924 1925 Argument : unsigned int 1926 Return : entry_point_info * 1927 1928This function may execute with the MMU and data caches enabled if the platform 1929port does the necessary initializations in ``bl31_plat_arch_setup()``. 1930 1931This function is called by ``bl31_main()`` to retrieve information provided by 1932BL2 for the next image in the security state specified by the argument. BL31 1933uses this information to pass control to that image in the specified security 1934state. This function must return a pointer to the ``entry_point_info`` structure 1935(that was copied during ``bl31_early_platform_setup()``) if the image exists. It 1936should return NULL otherwise. 1937 1938Function : plat\_get\_syscnt\_freq2() [mandatory] 1939~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1940 1941:: 1942 1943 Argument : void 1944 Return : unsigned int 1945 1946This function is used by the architecture setup code to retrieve the counter 1947frequency for the CPU's generic timer. This value will be programmed into the 1948``CNTFRQ_EL0`` register. In ARM standard platforms, it returns the base frequency 1949of the system counter, which is retrieved from the first entry in the frequency 1950modes table. 1951 1952#define : PLAT\_PERCPU\_BAKERY\_LOCK\_SIZE [optional] 1953~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1954 1955When ``USE_COHERENT_MEM = 0``, this constant defines the total memory (in 1956bytes) aligned to the cache line boundary that should be allocated per-cpu to 1957accommodate all the bakery locks. 1958 1959If this constant is not defined when ``USE_COHERENT_MEM = 0``, the linker 1960calculates the size of the ``bakery_lock`` input section, aligns it to the 1961nearest ``CACHE_WRITEBACK_GRANULE``, multiplies it with ``PLATFORM_CORE_COUNT`` 1962and stores the result in a linker symbol. This constant prevents a platform 1963from relying on the linker and provide a more efficient mechanism for 1964accessing per-cpu bakery lock information. 1965 1966If this constant is defined and its value is not equal to the value 1967calculated by the linker then a link time assertion is raised. A compile time 1968assertion is raised if the value of the constant is not aligned to the cache 1969line boundary. 1970 1971SDEI porting requirements 1972~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1973 1974The SDEI dispatcher requires the platform to provide the following macros 1975and functions, of which some are optional, and some others mandatory. 1976 1977Macros 1978...... 1979 1980Macro: PLAT_SDEI_NORMAL_PRI [mandatory] 1981^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 1982 1983This macro must be defined to the EL3 exception priority level associated with 1984Normal SDEI events on the platform. This must have a higher value (therefore of 1985lower priority) than ``PLAT_SDEI_CRITICAL_PRI``. 1986 1987Macro: PLAT_SDEI_CRITICAL_PRI [mandatory] 1988^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 1989 1990This macro must be defined to the EL3 exception priority level associated with 1991Critical SDEI events on the platform. This must have a lower value (therefore of 1992higher priority) than ``PLAT_SDEI_NORMAL_PRI``. 1993 1994It's recommended that SDEI exception priorities in general are assigned the 1995lowest among Secure priorities. Among the SDEI exceptions, Critical SDEI 1996priority must be higher than Normal SDEI priority. 1997 1998Functions 1999......... 2000 2001Function: int plat_sdei_validate_entry_point(uintptr_t ep) [optional] 2002^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 2003 2004:: 2005 2006 Argument: uintptr_t 2007 Return: int 2008 2009This function validates the address of client entry points provided for both 2010event registration and *Complete and Resume* SDEI calls. The function takes one 2011argument, which is the address of the handler the SDEI client requested to 2012register. The function must return ``0`` for successful validation, or ``-1`` 2013upon failure. 2014 2015The default implementation always returns ``0``. On ARM platforms, this function 2016is implemented to translate the entry point to physical address, and further to 2017ensure that the address is located in Non-secure DRAM. 2018 2019Function: void plat_sdei_handle_masked_trigger(uint64_t mpidr, unsigned int intr) [optional] 2020^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 2021 2022:: 2023 2024 Argument: uint64_t 2025 Argument: unsigned int 2026 Return: void 2027 2028SDEI specification requires that a PE comes out of reset with the events masked. 2029The client therefore is expected to call ``PE_UNMASK`` to unmask SDEI events on 2030the PE. No SDEI events can be dispatched until such time. 2031 2032Should a PE receive an interrupt that was bound to an SDEI event while the 2033events are masked on the PE, the dispatcher implementation invokes the function 2034``plat_sdei_handle_masked_trigger``. The MPIDR of the PE that received the 2035interrupt and the interrupt ID are passed as parameters. 2036 2037The default implementation only prints out a warning message. 2038 2039Power State Coordination Interface (in BL31) 2040-------------------------------------------- 2041 2042The ARM Trusted Firmware's implementation of the PSCI API is based around the 2043concept of a *power domain*. A *power domain* is a CPU or a logical group of 2044CPUs which share some state on which power management operations can be 2045performed as specified by `PSCI`_. Each CPU in the system is assigned a cpu 2046index which is a unique number between ``0`` and ``PLATFORM_CORE_COUNT - 1``. 2047The *power domains* are arranged in a hierarchical tree structure and 2048each *power domain* can be identified in a system by the cpu index of any CPU 2049that is part of that domain and a *power domain level*. A processing element 2050(for example, a CPU) is at level 0. If the *power domain* node above a CPU is 2051a logical grouping of CPUs that share some state, then level 1 is that group 2052of CPUs (for example, a cluster), and level 2 is a group of clusters 2053(for example, the system). More details on the power domain topology and its 2054organization can be found in `Power Domain Topology Design`_. 2055 2056BL31's platform initialization code exports a pointer to the platform-specific 2057power management operations required for the PSCI implementation to function 2058correctly. This information is populated in the ``plat_psci_ops`` structure. The 2059PSCI implementation calls members of the ``plat_psci_ops`` structure for performing 2060power management operations on the power domains. For example, the target 2061CPU is specified by its ``MPIDR`` in a PSCI ``CPU_ON`` call. The ``pwr_domain_on()`` 2062handler (if present) is called for the CPU power domain. 2063 2064The ``power-state`` parameter of a PSCI ``CPU_SUSPEND`` call can be used to 2065describe composite power states specific to a platform. The PSCI implementation 2066defines a generic representation of the power-state parameter viz which is an 2067array of local power states where each index corresponds to a power domain 2068level. Each entry contains the local power state the power domain at that power 2069level could enter. It depends on the ``validate_power_state()`` handler to 2070convert the power-state parameter (possibly encoding a composite power state) 2071passed in a PSCI ``CPU_SUSPEND`` call to this representation. 2072 2073The following functions form part of platform port of PSCI functionality. 2074 2075Function : plat\_psci\_stat\_accounting\_start() [optional] 2076~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2077 2078:: 2079 2080 Argument : const psci_power_state_t * 2081 Return : void 2082 2083This is an optional hook that platforms can implement for residency statistics 2084accounting before entering a low power state. The ``pwr_domain_state`` field of 2085``state_info`` (first argument) can be inspected if stat accounting is done 2086differently at CPU level versus higher levels. As an example, if the element at 2087index 0 (CPU power level) in the ``pwr_domain_state`` array indicates a power down 2088state, special hardware logic may be programmed in order to keep track of the 2089residency statistics. For higher levels (array indices > 0), the residency 2090statistics could be tracked in software using PMF. If ``ENABLE_PMF`` is set, the 2091default implementation will use PMF to capture timestamps. 2092 2093Function : plat\_psci\_stat\_accounting\_stop() [optional] 2094~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2095 2096:: 2097 2098 Argument : const psci_power_state_t * 2099 Return : void 2100 2101This is an optional hook that platforms can implement for residency statistics 2102accounting after exiting from a low power state. The ``pwr_domain_state`` field 2103of ``state_info`` (first argument) can be inspected if stat accounting is done 2104differently at CPU level versus higher levels. As an example, if the element at 2105index 0 (CPU power level) in the ``pwr_domain_state`` array indicates a power down 2106state, special hardware logic may be programmed in order to keep track of the 2107residency statistics. For higher levels (array indices > 0), the residency 2108statistics could be tracked in software using PMF. If ``ENABLE_PMF`` is set, the 2109default implementation will use PMF to capture timestamps. 2110 2111Function : plat\_psci\_stat\_get\_residency() [optional] 2112~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2113 2114:: 2115 2116 Argument : unsigned int, const psci_power_state_t *, int 2117 Return : u_register_t 2118 2119This is an optional interface that is is invoked after resuming from a low power 2120state and provides the time spent resident in that low power state by the power 2121domain at a particular power domain level. When a CPU wakes up from suspend, 2122all its parent power domain levels are also woken up. The generic PSCI code 2123invokes this function for each parent power domain that is resumed and it 2124identified by the ``lvl`` (first argument) parameter. The ``state_info`` (second 2125argument) describes the low power state that the power domain has resumed from. 2126The current CPU is the first CPU in the power domain to resume from the low 2127power state and the ``last_cpu_idx`` (third parameter) is the index of the last 2128CPU in the power domain to suspend and may be needed to calculate the residency 2129for that power domain. 2130 2131Function : plat\_get\_target\_pwr\_state() [optional] 2132~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2133 2134:: 2135 2136 Argument : unsigned int, const plat_local_state_t *, unsigned int 2137 Return : plat_local_state_t 2138 2139The PSCI generic code uses this function to let the platform participate in 2140state coordination during a power management operation. The function is passed 2141a pointer to an array of platform specific local power state ``states`` (second 2142argument) which contains the requested power state for each CPU at a particular 2143power domain level ``lvl`` (first argument) within the power domain. The function 2144is expected to traverse this array of upto ``ncpus`` (third argument) and return 2145a coordinated target power state by the comparing all the requested power 2146states. The target power state should not be deeper than any of the requested 2147power states. 2148 2149A weak definition of this API is provided by default wherein it assumes 2150that the platform assigns a local state value in order of increasing depth 2151of the power state i.e. for two power states X & Y, if X < Y 2152then X represents a shallower power state than Y. As a result, the 2153coordinated target local power state for a power domain will be the minimum 2154of the requested local power state values. 2155 2156Function : plat\_get\_power\_domain\_tree\_desc() [mandatory] 2157~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2158 2159:: 2160 2161 Argument : void 2162 Return : const unsigned char * 2163 2164This function returns a pointer to the byte array containing the power domain 2165topology tree description. The format and method to construct this array are 2166described in `Power Domain Topology Design`_. The BL31 PSCI initilization code 2167requires this array to be described by the platform, either statically or 2168dynamically, to initialize the power domain topology tree. In case the array 2169is populated dynamically, then plat\_core\_pos\_by\_mpidr() and 2170plat\_my\_core\_pos() should also be implemented suitably so that the topology 2171tree description matches the CPU indices returned by these APIs. These APIs 2172together form the platform interface for the PSCI topology framework. 2173 2174Function : plat\_setup\_psci\_ops() [mandatory] 2175~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2176 2177:: 2178 2179 Argument : uintptr_t, const plat_psci_ops ** 2180 Return : int 2181 2182This function may execute with the MMU and data caches enabled if the platform 2183port does the necessary initializations in ``bl31_plat_arch_setup()``. It is only 2184called by the primary CPU. 2185 2186This function is called by PSCI initialization code. Its purpose is to let 2187the platform layer know about the warm boot entrypoint through the 2188``sec_entrypoint`` (first argument) and to export handler routines for 2189platform-specific psci power management actions by populating the passed 2190pointer with a pointer to BL31's private ``plat_psci_ops`` structure. 2191 2192A description of each member of this structure is given below. Please refer to 2193the ARM FVP specific implementation of these handlers in 2194`plat/arm/board/fvp/fvp\_pm.c`_ as an example. For each PSCI function that the 2195platform wants to support, the associated operation or operations in this 2196structure must be provided and implemented (Refer section 4 of 2197`Firmware Design`_ for the PSCI API supported in Trusted Firmware). To disable 2198a PSCI function in a platform port, the operation should be removed from this 2199structure instead of providing an empty implementation. 2200 2201plat\_psci\_ops.cpu\_standby() 2202.............................. 2203 2204Perform the platform-specific actions to enter the standby state for a cpu 2205indicated by the passed argument. This provides a fast path for CPU standby 2206wherein overheads of PSCI state management and lock acquistion is avoided. 2207For this handler to be invoked by the PSCI ``CPU_SUSPEND`` API implementation, 2208the suspend state type specified in the ``power-state`` parameter should be 2209STANDBY and the target power domain level specified should be the CPU. The 2210handler should put the CPU into a low power retention state (usually by 2211issuing a wfi instruction) and ensure that it can be woken up from that 2212state by a normal interrupt. The generic code expects the handler to succeed. 2213 2214plat\_psci\_ops.pwr\_domain\_on() 2215................................. 2216 2217Perform the platform specific actions to power on a CPU, specified 2218by the ``MPIDR`` (first argument). The generic code expects the platform to 2219return PSCI\_E\_SUCCESS on success or PSCI\_E\_INTERN\_FAIL for any failure. 2220 2221plat\_psci\_ops.pwr\_domain\_off() 2222.................................. 2223 2224Perform the platform specific actions to prepare to power off the calling CPU 2225and its higher parent power domain levels as indicated by the ``target_state`` 2226(first argument). It is called by the PSCI ``CPU_OFF`` API implementation. 2227 2228The ``target_state`` encodes the platform coordinated target local power states 2229for the CPU power domain and its parent power domain levels. The handler 2230needs to perform power management operation corresponding to the local state 2231at each power level. 2232 2233For this handler, the local power state for the CPU power domain will be a 2234power down state where as it could be either power down, retention or run state 2235for the higher power domain levels depending on the result of state 2236coordination. The generic code expects the handler to succeed. 2237 2238plat\_psci\_ops.pwr\_domain\_suspend\_pwrdown\_early() [optional] 2239................................................................. 2240 2241This optional function may be used as a performance optimization to replace 2242or complement pwr_domain_suspend() on some platforms. Its calling semantics 2243are identical to pwr_domain_suspend(), except the PSCI implementation only 2244calls this function when suspending to a power down state, and it guarantees 2245that data caches are enabled. 2246 2247When HW_ASSISTED_COHERENCY = 0, the PSCI implementation disables data caches 2248before calling pwr_domain_suspend(). If the target_state corresponds to a 2249power down state and it is safe to perform some or all of the platform 2250specific actions in that function with data caches enabled, it may be more 2251efficient to move those actions to this function. When HW_ASSISTED_COHERENCY 2252= 1, data caches remain enabled throughout, and so there is no advantage to 2253moving platform specific actions to this function. 2254 2255plat\_psci\_ops.pwr\_domain\_suspend() 2256...................................... 2257 2258Perform the platform specific actions to prepare to suspend the calling 2259CPU and its higher parent power domain levels as indicated by the 2260``target_state`` (first argument). It is called by the PSCI ``CPU_SUSPEND`` 2261API implementation. 2262 2263The ``target_state`` has a similar meaning as described in 2264the ``pwr_domain_off()`` operation. It encodes the platform coordinated 2265target local power states for the CPU power domain and its parent 2266power domain levels. The handler needs to perform power management operation 2267corresponding to the local state at each power level. The generic code 2268expects the handler to succeed. 2269 2270The difference between turning a power domain off versus suspending it is that 2271in the former case, the power domain is expected to re-initialize its state 2272when it is next powered on (see ``pwr_domain_on_finish()``). In the latter 2273case, the power domain is expected to save enough state so that it can resume 2274execution by restoring this state when its powered on (see 2275``pwr_domain_suspend_finish()``). 2276 2277When suspending a core, the platform can also choose to power off the GICv3 2278Redistributor and ITS through an implementation-defined sequence. To achieve 2279this safely, the ITS context must be saved first. The architectural part is 2280implemented by the ``gicv3_its_save_disable()`` helper, but most of the needed 2281sequence is implementation defined and it is therefore the responsibility of 2282the platform code to implement the necessary sequence. Then the GIC 2283Redistributor context can be saved using the ``gicv3_rdistif_save()`` helper. 2284Powering off the Redistributor requires the implementation to support it and it 2285is the responsibility of the platform code to execute the right implementation 2286defined sequence. 2287 2288When a system suspend is requested, the platform can also make use of the 2289``gicv3_distif_save()`` helper to save the context of the GIC Distributor after 2290it has saved the context of the Redistributors and ITS of all the cores in the 2291system. The context of the Distributor can be large and may require it to be 2292allocated in a special area if it cannot fit in the platform's global static 2293data, for example in DRAM. The Distributor can then be powered down using an 2294implementation-defined sequence. 2295 2296plat\_psci\_ops.pwr\_domain\_pwr\_down\_wfi() 2297............................................. 2298 2299This is an optional function and, if implemented, is expected to perform 2300platform specific actions including the ``wfi`` invocation which allows the 2301CPU to powerdown. Since this function is invoked outside the PSCI locks, 2302the actions performed in this hook must be local to the CPU or the platform 2303must ensure that races between multiple CPUs cannot occur. 2304 2305The ``target_state`` has a similar meaning as described in the ``pwr_domain_off()`` 2306operation and it encodes the platform coordinated target local power states for 2307the CPU power domain and its parent power domain levels. This function must 2308not return back to the caller. 2309 2310If this function is not implemented by the platform, PSCI generic 2311implementation invokes ``psci_power_down_wfi()`` for power down. 2312 2313plat\_psci\_ops.pwr\_domain\_on\_finish() 2314......................................... 2315 2316This function is called by the PSCI implementation after the calling CPU is 2317powered on and released from reset in response to an earlier PSCI ``CPU_ON`` call. 2318It performs the platform-specific setup required to initialize enough state for 2319this CPU to enter the normal world and also provide secure runtime firmware 2320services. 2321 2322The ``target_state`` (first argument) is the prior state of the power domains 2323immediately before the CPU was turned on. It indicates which power domains 2324above the CPU might require initialization due to having previously been in 2325low power states. The generic code expects the handler to succeed. 2326 2327plat\_psci\_ops.pwr\_domain\_suspend\_finish() 2328.............................................. 2329 2330This function is called by the PSCI implementation after the calling CPU is 2331powered on and released from reset in response to an asynchronous wakeup 2332event, for example a timer interrupt that was programmed by the CPU during the 2333``CPU_SUSPEND`` call or ``SYSTEM_SUSPEND`` call. It performs the platform-specific 2334setup required to restore the saved state for this CPU to resume execution 2335in the normal world and also provide secure runtime firmware services. 2336 2337The ``target_state`` (first argument) has a similar meaning as described in 2338the ``pwr_domain_on_finish()`` operation. The generic code expects the platform 2339to succeed. 2340 2341If the Distributor, Redistributors or ITS have been powered off as part of a 2342suspend, their context must be restored in this function in the reverse order 2343to how they were saved during suspend sequence. 2344 2345plat\_psci\_ops.system\_off() 2346............................. 2347 2348This function is called by PSCI implementation in response to a ``SYSTEM_OFF`` 2349call. It performs the platform-specific system poweroff sequence after 2350notifying the Secure Payload Dispatcher. 2351 2352plat\_psci\_ops.system\_reset() 2353............................... 2354 2355This function is called by PSCI implementation in response to a ``SYSTEM_RESET`` 2356call. It performs the platform-specific system reset sequence after 2357notifying the Secure Payload Dispatcher. 2358 2359plat\_psci\_ops.validate\_power\_state() 2360........................................ 2361 2362This function is called by the PSCI implementation during the ``CPU_SUSPEND`` 2363call to validate the ``power_state`` parameter of the PSCI API and if valid, 2364populate it in ``req_state`` (second argument) array as power domain level 2365specific local states. If the ``power_state`` is invalid, the platform must 2366return PSCI\_E\_INVALID\_PARAMS as error, which is propagated back to the 2367normal world PSCI client. 2368 2369plat\_psci\_ops.validate\_ns\_entrypoint() 2370.......................................... 2371 2372This function is called by the PSCI implementation during the ``CPU_SUSPEND``, 2373``SYSTEM_SUSPEND`` and ``CPU_ON`` calls to validate the non-secure ``entry_point`` 2374parameter passed by the normal world. If the ``entry_point`` is invalid, 2375the platform must return PSCI\_E\_INVALID\_ADDRESS as error, which is 2376propagated back to the normal world PSCI client. 2377 2378plat\_psci\_ops.get\_sys\_suspend\_power\_state() 2379................................................. 2380 2381This function is called by the PSCI implementation during the ``SYSTEM_SUSPEND`` 2382call to get the ``req_state`` parameter from platform which encodes the power 2383domain level specific local states to suspend to system affinity level. The 2384``req_state`` will be utilized to do the PSCI state coordination and 2385``pwr_domain_suspend()`` will be invoked with the coordinated target state to 2386enter system suspend. 2387 2388plat\_psci\_ops.get\_pwr\_lvl\_state\_idx() 2389........................................... 2390 2391This is an optional function and, if implemented, is invoked by the PSCI 2392implementation to convert the ``local_state`` (first argument) at a specified 2393``pwr_lvl`` (second argument) to an index between 0 and 2394``PLAT_MAX_PWR_LVL_STATES`` - 1. This function is only needed if the platform 2395supports more than two local power states at each power domain level, that is 2396``PLAT_MAX_PWR_LVL_STATES`` is greater than 2, and needs to account for these 2397local power states. 2398 2399plat\_psci\_ops.translate\_power\_state\_by\_mpidr() 2400.................................................... 2401 2402This is an optional function and, if implemented, verifies the ``power_state`` 2403(second argument) parameter of the PSCI API corresponding to a target power 2404domain. The target power domain is identified by using both ``MPIDR`` (first 2405argument) and the power domain level encoded in ``power_state``. The power domain 2406level specific local states are to be extracted from ``power_state`` and be 2407populated in the ``output_state`` (third argument) array. The functionality 2408is similar to the ``validate_power_state`` function described above and is 2409envisaged to be used in case the validity of ``power_state`` depend on the 2410targeted power domain. If the ``power_state`` is invalid for the targeted power 2411domain, the platform must return PSCI\_E\_INVALID\_PARAMS as error. If this 2412function is not implemented, then the generic implementation relies on 2413``validate_power_state`` function to translate the ``power_state``. 2414 2415This function can also be used in case the platform wants to support local 2416power state encoding for ``power_state`` parameter of PSCI\_STAT\_COUNT/RESIDENCY 2417APIs as described in Section 5.18 of `PSCI`_. 2418 2419plat\_psci\_ops.get\_node\_hw\_state() 2420...................................... 2421 2422This is an optional function. If implemented this function is intended to return 2423the power state of a node (identified by the first parameter, the ``MPIDR``) in 2424the power domain topology (identified by the second parameter, ``power_level``), 2425as retrieved from a power controller or equivalent component on the platform. 2426Upon successful completion, the implementation must map and return the final 2427status among ``HW_ON``, ``HW_OFF`` or ``HW_STANDBY``. Upon encountering failures, it 2428must return either ``PSCI_E_INVALID_PARAMS`` or ``PSCI_E_NOT_SUPPORTED`` as 2429appropriate. 2430 2431Implementations are not expected to handle ``power_levels`` greater than 2432``PLAT_MAX_PWR_LVL``. 2433 2434plat\_psci\_ops.system\_reset2() 2435................................ 2436 2437This is an optional function. If implemented this function is 2438called during the ``SYSTEM_RESET2`` call to perform a reset 2439based on the first parameter ``reset_type`` as specified in 2440`PSCI`_. The parameter ``cookie`` can be used to pass additional 2441reset information. If the ``reset_type`` is not supported, the 2442function must return ``PSCI_E_NOT_SUPPORTED``. For architectural 2443resets, all failures must return ``PSCI_E_INVALID_PARAMETERS`` 2444and vendor reset can return other PSCI error codes as defined 2445in `PSCI`_. On success this function will not return. 2446 2447plat\_psci\_ops.write\_mem\_protect() 2448.................................... 2449 2450This is an optional function. If implemented it enables or disables the 2451``MEM_PROTECT`` functionality based on the value of ``val``. 2452A non-zero value enables ``MEM_PROTECT`` and a value of zero 2453disables it. Upon encountering failures it must return a negative value 2454and on success it must return 0. 2455 2456plat\_psci\_ops.read\_mem\_protect() 2457..................................... 2458 2459This is an optional function. If implemented it returns the current 2460state of ``MEM_PROTECT`` via the ``val`` parameter. Upon encountering 2461failures it must return a negative value and on success it must 2462return 0. 2463 2464plat\_psci\_ops.mem\_protect\_chk() 2465................................... 2466 2467This is an optional function. If implemented it checks if a memory 2468region defined by a base address ``base`` and with a size of ``length`` 2469bytes is protected by ``MEM_PROTECT``. If the region is protected 2470then it must return 0, otherwise it must return a negative number. 2471 2472Interrupt Management framework (in BL31) 2473---------------------------------------- 2474 2475BL31 implements an Interrupt Management Framework (IMF) to manage interrupts 2476generated in either security state and targeted to EL1 or EL2 in the non-secure 2477state or EL3/S-EL1 in the secure state. The design of this framework is 2478described in the `IMF Design Guide`_ 2479 2480A platform should export the following APIs to support the IMF. The following 2481text briefly describes each api and its implementation in ARM standard 2482platforms. The API implementation depends upon the type of interrupt controller 2483present in the platform. ARM standard platform layer supports both 2484`ARM Generic Interrupt Controller version 2.0 (GICv2)`_ 2485and `3.0 (GICv3)`_. Juno builds the ARM 2486Standard layer to use GICv2 and the FVP can be configured to use either GICv2 or 2487GICv3 depending on the build flag ``FVP_USE_GIC_DRIVER`` (See FVP platform 2488specific build options in `User Guide`_ for more details). 2489 2490See also: `Interrupt Controller Abstraction APIs`__. 2491 2492.. __: platform-interrupt-controller-API.rst 2493 2494Function : plat\_interrupt\_type\_to\_line() [mandatory] 2495~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2496 2497:: 2498 2499 Argument : uint32_t, uint32_t 2500 Return : uint32_t 2501 2502The ARM processor signals an interrupt exception either through the IRQ or FIQ 2503interrupt line. The specific line that is signaled depends on how the interrupt 2504controller (IC) reports different interrupt types from an execution context in 2505either security state. The IMF uses this API to determine which interrupt line 2506the platform IC uses to signal each type of interrupt supported by the framework 2507from a given security state. This API must be invoked at EL3. 2508 2509The first parameter will be one of the ``INTR_TYPE_*`` values (see 2510`IMF Design Guide`_) indicating the target type of the interrupt, the second parameter is the 2511security state of the originating execution context. The return result is the 2512bit position in the ``SCR_EL3`` register of the respective interrupt trap: IRQ=1, 2513FIQ=2. 2514 2515In the case of ARM standard platforms using GICv2, S-EL1 interrupts are 2516configured as FIQs and Non-secure interrupts as IRQs from either security 2517state. 2518 2519In the case of ARM standard platforms using GICv3, the interrupt line to be 2520configured depends on the security state of the execution context when the 2521interrupt is signalled and are as follows: 2522 2523- The S-EL1 interrupts are signaled as IRQ in S-EL0/1 context and as FIQ in 2524 NS-EL0/1/2 context. 2525- The Non secure interrupts are signaled as FIQ in S-EL0/1 context and as IRQ 2526 in the NS-EL0/1/2 context. 2527- The EL3 interrupts are signaled as FIQ in both S-EL0/1 and NS-EL0/1/2 2528 context. 2529 2530Function : plat\_ic\_get\_pending\_interrupt\_type() [mandatory] 2531~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2532 2533:: 2534 2535 Argument : void 2536 Return : uint32_t 2537 2538This API returns the type of the highest priority pending interrupt at the 2539platform IC. The IMF uses the interrupt type to retrieve the corresponding 2540handler function. ``INTR_TYPE_INVAL`` is returned when there is no interrupt 2541pending. The valid interrupt types that can be returned are ``INTR_TYPE_EL3``, 2542``INTR_TYPE_S_EL1`` and ``INTR_TYPE_NS``. This API must be invoked at EL3. 2543 2544In the case of ARM standard platforms using GICv2, the *Highest Priority 2545Pending Interrupt Register* (``GICC_HPPIR``) is read to determine the id of 2546the pending interrupt. The type of interrupt depends upon the id value as 2547follows. 2548 2549#. id < 1022 is reported as a S-EL1 interrupt 2550#. id = 1022 is reported as a Non-secure interrupt. 2551#. id = 1023 is reported as an invalid interrupt type. 2552 2553In the case of ARM standard platforms using GICv3, the system register 2554``ICC_HPPIR0_EL1``, *Highest Priority Pending group 0 Interrupt Register*, 2555is read to determine the id of the pending interrupt. The type of interrupt 2556depends upon the id value as follows. 2557 2558#. id = ``PENDING_G1S_INTID`` (1020) is reported as a S-EL1 interrupt 2559#. id = ``PENDING_G1NS_INTID`` (1021) is reported as a Non-secure interrupt. 2560#. id = ``GIC_SPURIOUS_INTERRUPT`` (1023) is reported as an invalid interrupt type. 2561#. All other interrupt id's are reported as EL3 interrupt. 2562 2563Function : plat\_ic\_get\_pending\_interrupt\_id() [mandatory] 2564~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2565 2566:: 2567 2568 Argument : void 2569 Return : uint32_t 2570 2571This API returns the id of the highest priority pending interrupt at the 2572platform IC. ``INTR_ID_UNAVAILABLE`` is returned when there is no interrupt 2573pending. 2574 2575In the case of ARM standard platforms using GICv2, the *Highest Priority 2576Pending Interrupt Register* (``GICC_HPPIR``) is read to determine the id of the 2577pending interrupt. The id that is returned by API depends upon the value of 2578the id read from the interrupt controller as follows. 2579 2580#. id < 1022. id is returned as is. 2581#. id = 1022. The *Aliased Highest Priority Pending Interrupt Register* 2582 (``GICC_AHPPIR``) is read to determine the id of the non-secure interrupt. 2583 This id is returned by the API. 2584#. id = 1023. ``INTR_ID_UNAVAILABLE`` is returned. 2585 2586In the case of ARM standard platforms using GICv3, if the API is invoked from 2587EL3, the system register ``ICC_HPPIR0_EL1``, *Highest Priority Pending Interrupt 2588group 0 Register*, is read to determine the id of the pending interrupt. The id 2589that is returned by API depends upon the value of the id read from the 2590interrupt controller as follows. 2591 2592#. id < ``PENDING_G1S_INTID`` (1020). id is returned as is. 2593#. id = ``PENDING_G1S_INTID`` (1020) or ``PENDING_G1NS_INTID`` (1021). The system 2594 register ``ICC_HPPIR1_EL1``, *Highest Priority Pending Interrupt group 1 2595 Register* is read to determine the id of the group 1 interrupt. This id 2596 is returned by the API as long as it is a valid interrupt id 2597#. If the id is any of the special interrupt identifiers, 2598 ``INTR_ID_UNAVAILABLE`` is returned. 2599 2600When the API invoked from S-EL1 for GICv3 systems, the id read from system 2601register ``ICC_HPPIR1_EL1``, *Highest Priority Pending group 1 Interrupt 2602Register*, is returned if is not equal to GIC\_SPURIOUS\_INTERRUPT (1023) else 2603``INTR_ID_UNAVAILABLE`` is returned. 2604 2605Function : plat\_ic\_acknowledge\_interrupt() [mandatory] 2606~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2607 2608:: 2609 2610 Argument : void 2611 Return : uint32_t 2612 2613This API is used by the CPU to indicate to the platform IC that processing of 2614the highest pending interrupt has begun. It should return the raw, unmodified 2615value obtained from the interrupt controller when acknowledging an interrupt. 2616The actual interrupt number shall be extracted from this raw value using the API 2617`plat_ic_get_interrupt_id()`__. 2618 2619.. __: platform-interrupt-controller-API.rst#function-unsigned-int-plat-ic-get-interrupt-id-unsigned-int-raw-optional 2620 2621This function in ARM standard platforms using GICv2, reads the *Interrupt 2622Acknowledge Register* (``GICC_IAR``). This changes the state of the highest 2623priority pending interrupt from pending to active in the interrupt controller. 2624It returns the value read from the ``GICC_IAR``, unmodified. 2625 2626In the case of ARM standard platforms using GICv3, if the API is invoked 2627from EL3, the function reads the system register ``ICC_IAR0_EL1``, *Interrupt 2628Acknowledge Register group 0*. If the API is invoked from S-EL1, the function 2629reads the system register ``ICC_IAR1_EL1``, *Interrupt Acknowledge Register 2630group 1*. The read changes the state of the highest pending interrupt from 2631pending to active in the interrupt controller. The value read is returned 2632unmodified. 2633 2634The TSP uses this API to start processing of the secure physical timer 2635interrupt. 2636 2637Function : plat\_ic\_end\_of\_interrupt() [mandatory] 2638~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2639 2640:: 2641 2642 Argument : uint32_t 2643 Return : void 2644 2645This API is used by the CPU to indicate to the platform IC that processing of 2646the interrupt corresponding to the id (passed as the parameter) has 2647finished. The id should be the same as the id returned by the 2648``plat_ic_acknowledge_interrupt()`` API. 2649 2650ARM standard platforms write the id to the *End of Interrupt Register* 2651(``GICC_EOIR``) in case of GICv2, and to ``ICC_EOIR0_EL1`` or ``ICC_EOIR1_EL1`` 2652system register in case of GICv3 depending on where the API is invoked from, 2653EL3 or S-EL1. This deactivates the corresponding interrupt in the interrupt 2654controller. 2655 2656The TSP uses this API to finish processing of the secure physical timer 2657interrupt. 2658 2659Function : plat\_ic\_get\_interrupt\_type() [mandatory] 2660~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2661 2662:: 2663 2664 Argument : uint32_t 2665 Return : uint32_t 2666 2667This API returns the type of the interrupt id passed as the parameter. 2668``INTR_TYPE_INVAL`` is returned if the id is invalid. If the id is valid, a valid 2669interrupt type (one of ``INTR_TYPE_EL3``, ``INTR_TYPE_S_EL1`` and ``INTR_TYPE_NS``) is 2670returned depending upon how the interrupt has been configured by the platform 2671IC. This API must be invoked at EL3. 2672 2673ARM standard platforms using GICv2 configures S-EL1 interrupts as Group0 interrupts 2674and Non-secure interrupts as Group1 interrupts. It reads the group value 2675corresponding to the interrupt id from the relevant *Interrupt Group Register* 2676(``GICD_IGROUPRn``). It uses the group value to determine the type of interrupt. 2677 2678In the case of ARM standard platforms using GICv3, both the *Interrupt Group 2679Register* (``GICD_IGROUPRn``) and *Interrupt Group Modifier Register* 2680(``GICD_IGRPMODRn``) is read to figure out whether the interrupt is configured 2681as Group 0 secure interrupt, Group 1 secure interrupt or Group 1 NS interrupt. 2682 2683Crash Reporting mechanism (in BL31) 2684----------------------------------- 2685 2686BL31 implements a crash reporting mechanism which prints the various registers 2687of the CPU to enable quick crash analysis and debugging. It requires that a 2688console is designated as the crash console by the platform which will be used to 2689print the register dump. 2690 2691The following functions must be implemented by the platform if it wants crash 2692reporting mechanism in BL31. The functions are implemented in assembly so that 2693they can be invoked without a C Runtime stack. 2694 2695Function : plat\_crash\_console\_init 2696~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2697 2698:: 2699 2700 Argument : void 2701 Return : int 2702 2703This API is used by the crash reporting mechanism to initialize the crash 2704console. It must only use the general purpose registers x0 to x4 to do the 2705initialization and returns 1 on success. 2706 2707Function : plat\_crash\_console\_putc 2708~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2709 2710:: 2711 2712 Argument : int 2713 Return : int 2714 2715This API is used by the crash reporting mechanism to print a character on the 2716designated crash console. It must only use general purpose registers x1 and 2717x2 to do its work. The parameter and the return value are in general purpose 2718register x0. 2719 2720Function : plat\_crash\_console\_flush 2721~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2722 2723:: 2724 2725 Argument : void 2726 Return : int 2727 2728This API is used by the crash reporting mechanism to force write of all buffered 2729data on the designated crash console. It should only use general purpose 2730registers x0 and x1 to do its work. The return value is 0 on successful 2731completion; otherwise the return value is -1. 2732 2733Build flags 2734----------- 2735 2736- **ENABLE\_PLAT\_COMPAT** 2737 All the platforms ports conforming to this API specification should define 2738 the build flag ``ENABLE_PLAT_COMPAT`` to 0 as the compatibility layer should 2739 be disabled. For more details on compatibility layer, refer 2740 `Migration Guide`_. 2741 2742There are some build flags which can be defined by the platform to control 2743inclusion or exclusion of certain BL stages from the FIP image. These flags 2744need to be defined in the platform makefile which will get included by the 2745build system. 2746 2747- **NEED\_BL33** 2748 By default, this flag is defined ``yes`` by the build system and ``BL33`` 2749 build option should be supplied as a build option. The platform has the 2750 option of excluding the BL33 image in the ``fip`` image by defining this flag 2751 to ``no``. If any of the options ``EL3_PAYLOAD_BASE`` or ``PRELOADED_BL33_BASE`` 2752 are used, this flag will be set to ``no`` automatically. 2753 2754C Library 2755--------- 2756 2757To avoid subtle toolchain behavioral dependencies, the header files provided 2758by the compiler are not used. The software is built with the ``-nostdinc`` flag 2759to ensure no headers are included from the toolchain inadvertently. Instead the 2760required headers are included in the ARM Trusted Firmware source tree. The 2761library only contains those C library definitions required by the local 2762implementation. If more functionality is required, the needed library functions 2763will need to be added to the local implementation. 2764 2765Versions of `FreeBSD`_ headers can be found in ``include/lib/stdlib``. Some of 2766these headers have been cut down in order to simplify the implementation. In 2767order to minimize changes to the header files, the `FreeBSD`_ layout has been 2768maintained. The generic C library definitions can be found in 2769``include/lib/stdlib`` with more system and machine specific declarations in 2770``include/lib/stdlib/sys`` and ``include/lib/stdlib/machine``. 2771 2772The local C library implementations can be found in ``lib/stdlib``. In order to 2773extend the C library these files may need to be modified. It is recommended to 2774use a release version of `FreeBSD`_ as a starting point. 2775 2776The C library header files in the `FreeBSD`_ source tree are located in the 2777``include`` and ``sys/sys`` directories. `FreeBSD`_ machine specific definitions 2778can be found in the ``sys/<machine-type>`` directories. These files define things 2779like 'the size of a pointer' and 'the range of an integer'. Since an AArch64 2780port for `FreeBSD`_ does not yet exist, the machine specific definitions are 2781based on existing machine types with similar properties (for example SPARC64). 2782 2783Where possible, C library function implementations were taken from `FreeBSD`_ 2784as found in the ``lib/libc`` directory. 2785 2786A copy of the `FreeBSD`_ sources can be downloaded with ``git``. 2787 2788:: 2789 2790 git clone git://github.com/freebsd/freebsd.git -b origin/release/9.2.0 2791 2792Storage abstraction layer 2793------------------------- 2794 2795In order to improve platform independence and portability an storage abstraction 2796layer is used to load data from non-volatile platform storage. 2797 2798Each platform should register devices and their drivers via the Storage layer. 2799These drivers then need to be initialized by bootloader phases as 2800required in their respective ``blx_platform_setup()`` functions. Currently 2801storage access is only required by BL1 and BL2 phases. The ``load_image()`` 2802function uses the storage layer to access non-volatile platform storage. 2803 2804It is mandatory to implement at least one storage driver. For the ARM 2805development platforms the Firmware Image Package (FIP) driver is provided as 2806the default means to load data from storage (see the "Firmware Image Package" 2807section in the `User Guide`_). The storage layer is described in the header file 2808``include/drivers/io/io_storage.h``. The implementation of the common library 2809is in ``drivers/io/io_storage.c`` and the driver files are located in 2810``drivers/io/``. 2811 2812Each IO driver must provide ``io_dev_*`` structures, as described in 2813``drivers/io/io_driver.h``. These are returned via a mandatory registration 2814function that is called on platform initialization. The semi-hosting driver 2815implementation in ``io_semihosting.c`` can be used as an example. 2816 2817The Storage layer provides mechanisms to initialize storage devices before 2818IO operations are called. The basic operations supported by the layer 2819include ``open()``, ``close()``, ``read()``, ``write()``, ``size()`` and ``seek()``. 2820Drivers do not have to implement all operations, but each platform must 2821provide at least one driver for a device capable of supporting generic 2822operations such as loading a bootloader image. 2823 2824The current implementation only allows for known images to be loaded by the 2825firmware. These images are specified by using their identifiers, as defined in 2826[include/plat/common/platform\_def.h] (or a separate header file included from 2827there). The platform layer (``plat_get_image_source()``) then returns a reference 2828to a device and a driver-specific ``spec`` which will be understood by the driver 2829to allow access to the image data. 2830 2831The layer is designed in such a way that is it possible to chain drivers with 2832other drivers. For example, file-system drivers may be implemented on top of 2833physical block devices, both represented by IO devices with corresponding 2834drivers. In such a case, the file-system "binding" with the block device may 2835be deferred until the file-system device is initialised. 2836 2837The abstraction currently depends on structures being statically allocated 2838by the drivers and callers, as the system does not yet provide a means of 2839dynamically allocating memory. This may also have the affect of limiting the 2840amount of open resources per driver. 2841 2842-------------- 2843 2844*Copyright (c) 2013-2017, ARM Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.* 2845 2846.. _Migration Guide: platform-migration-guide.rst 2847.. _include/plat/common/platform.h: ../include/plat/common/platform.h 2848.. _include/plat/arm/common/plat\_arm.h: ../include/plat/arm/common/plat_arm.h%5D 2849.. _User Guide: user-guide.rst 2850.. _include/plat/common/common\_def.h: ../include/plat/common/common_def.h 2851.. _include/plat/arm/common/arm\_def.h: ../include/plat/arm/common/arm_def.h 2852.. _plat/common/aarch64/platform\_mp\_stack.S: ../plat/common/aarch64/platform_mp_stack.S 2853.. _plat/common/aarch64/platform\_up\_stack.S: ../plat/common/aarch64/platform_up_stack.S 2854.. _For example, define the build flag in platform.mk: PLAT_PL061_MAX_GPIOS%20:=%20160 2855.. _Power Domain Topology Design: psci-pd-tree.rst 2856.. _include/common/bl\_common.h: ../include/common/bl_common.h 2857.. _include/lib/aarch32/arch.h: ../include/lib/aarch32/arch.h 2858.. _Firmware Design: firmware-design.rst 2859.. _PSCI: http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.den0022c/DEN0022C_Power_State_Coordination_Interface.pdf 2860.. _plat/arm/board/fvp/fvp\_pm.c: ../plat/arm/board/fvp/fvp_pm.c 2861.. _IMF Design Guide: interrupt-framework-design.rst 2862.. _ARM Generic Interrupt Controller version 2.0 (GICv2): http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ihi0048b/index.html 2863.. _3.0 (GICv3): http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ihi0069b/index.html 2864.. _FreeBSD: http://www.freebsd.org 2865