1README for Mbed TLS 2=================== 3 4Mbed TLS is a C library that implements cryptographic primitives, X.509 certificate manipulation and the SSL/TLS and DTLS protocols. Its small code footprint makes it suitable for embedded systems. 5 6Mbed TLS includes a reference implementation of the [PSA Cryptography API](#psa-cryptography-api). This is currently a preview for evaluation purposes only. 7 8Configuration 9------------- 10 11Mbed TLS should build out of the box on most systems. Some platform specific options are available in the fully documented configuration file `include/mbedtls/config.h`, which is also the place where features can be selected. This file can be edited manually, or in a more programmatic way using the Python 3 script `scripts/config.py` (use `--help` for usage instructions). 12 13Compiler options can be set using conventional environment variables such as `CC` and `CFLAGS` when using the Make and CMake build system (see below). 14 15We provide some non-standard configurations focused on specific use cases in the `configs/` directory. You can read more about those in `configs/README.txt` 16 17Documentation 18------------- 19 20Documentation for the Mbed TLS interfaces in the default library configuration is available as part of the [Mbed TLS documentation](https://tls.mbed.org/api/). 21 22To generate a local copy of the library documentation in HTML format, tailored to your compile-time configuration: 23 241. Make sure that [Doxygen](http://www.doxygen.nl/) is installed. We use version 1.8.11 but slightly older or more recent versions should work. 251. Run `make apidoc`. 261. Browse `apidoc/index.html` or `apidoc/modules.html`. 27 28Compiling 29--------- 30 31There are currently three active build systems used within Mbed TLS releases: 32 33- GNU Make 34- CMake 35- Microsoft Visual Studio (Microsoft Visual Studio 2013 or later) 36 37The main systems used for development are CMake and GNU Make. Those systems are always complete and up-to-date. The others should reflect all changes present in the CMake and Make build system, although features may not be ported there automatically. 38 39The Make and CMake build systems create three libraries: libmbedcrypto, libmbedx509, and libmbedtls. Note that libmbedtls depends on libmbedx509 and libmbedcrypto, and libmbedx509 depends on libmbedcrypto. As a result, some linkers will expect flags to be in a specific order, for example the GNU linker wants `-lmbedtls -lmbedx509 -lmbedcrypto`. Also, when loading shared libraries using dlopen(), you'll need to load libmbedcrypto first, then libmbedx509, before you can load libmbedtls. 40 41### Tool versions 42 43You need the following tools to build the library with the provided makefiles: 44 45* GNU Make or a build tool that CMake supports. 46* A C99 toolchain (compiler, linker, archiver). We actively test with GCC 5.4, Clang 3.8, IAR8 and Visual Studio 2013. More recent versions should work. Slightly older versions may work. 47* Python 3 to generate the test code. 48* Perl to run the tests. 49 50### Make 51 52We require GNU Make. To build the library and the sample programs, GNU Make and a C compiler are sufficient. Some of the more advanced build targets require some Unix/Linux tools. 53 54We intentionally only use a minimum of functionality in the makefiles in order to keep them as simple and independent of different toolchains as possible, to allow users to more easily move between different platforms. Users who need more features are recommended to use CMake. 55 56In order to build from the source code using GNU Make, just enter at the command line: 57 58 make 59 60In order to run the tests, enter: 61 62 make check 63 64The tests need Python to be built and Perl to be run. If you don't have one of them installed, you can skip building the tests with: 65 66 make no_test 67 68You'll still be able to run a much smaller set of tests with: 69 70 programs/test/selftest 71 72In order to build for a Windows platform, you should use `WINDOWS_BUILD=1` if the target is Windows but the build environment is Unix-like (for instance when cross-compiling, or compiling from an MSYS shell), and `WINDOWS=1` if the build environment is a Windows shell (for instance using mingw32-make) (in that case some targets will not be available). 73 74Setting the variable `SHARED` in your environment will build shared libraries in addition to the static libraries. Setting `DEBUG` gives you a debug build. You can override `CFLAGS` and `LDFLAGS` by setting them in your environment or on the make command line; compiler warning options may be overridden separately using `WARNING_CFLAGS`. Some directory-specific options (for example, `-I` directives) are still preserved. 75 76Please note that setting `CFLAGS` overrides its default value of `-O2` and setting `WARNING_CFLAGS` overrides its default value (starting with `-Wall -Wextra`), so if you just want to add some warning options to the default ones, you can do so by setting `CFLAGS=-O2 -Werror` for example. Setting `WARNING_CFLAGS` is useful when you want to get rid of its default content (for example because your compiler doesn't accept `-Wall` as an option). Directory-specific options cannot be overridden from the command line. 77 78Depending on your platform, you might run into some issues. Please check the Makefiles in `library/`, `programs/` and `tests/` for options to manually add or remove for specific platforms. You can also check [the Mbed TLS Knowledge Base](https://tls.mbed.org/kb) for articles on your platform or issue. 79 80In case you find that you need to do something else as well, please let us know what, so we can add it to the [Mbed TLS Knowledge Base](https://tls.mbed.org/kb). 81 82### CMake 83 84In order to build the source using CMake in a separate directory (recommended), just enter at the command line: 85 86 mkdir /path/to/build_dir && cd /path/to/build_dir 87 cmake /path/to/mbedtls_source 88 make 89 90In order to run the tests, enter: 91 92 make test 93 94The test suites need Python to be built and Perl to be executed. If you don't have one of these installed, you'll want to disable the test suites with: 95 96 cmake -DENABLE_TESTING=Off /path/to/mbedtls_source 97 98If you disabled the test suites, but kept the programs enabled, you can still run a much smaller set of tests with: 99 100 programs/test/selftest 101 102To configure CMake for building shared libraries, use: 103 104 cmake -DUSE_SHARED_MBEDTLS_LIBRARY=On /path/to/mbedtls_source 105 106There are many different build modes available within the CMake buildsystem. Most of them are available for gcc and clang, though some are compiler-specific: 107 108- `Release`. This generates the default code without any unnecessary information in the binary files. 109- `Debug`. This generates debug information and disables optimization of the code. 110- `Coverage`. This generates code coverage information in addition to debug information. 111- `ASan`. This instruments the code with AddressSanitizer to check for memory errors. (This includes LeakSanitizer, with recent version of gcc and clang.) (With recent version of clang, this mode also instruments the code with UndefinedSanitizer to check for undefined behaviour.) 112- `ASanDbg`. Same as ASan but slower, with debug information and better stack traces. 113- `MemSan`. This instruments the code with MemorySanitizer to check for uninitialised memory reads. Experimental, needs recent clang on Linux/x86\_64. 114- `MemSanDbg`. Same as MemSan but slower, with debug information, better stack traces and origin tracking. 115- `Check`. This activates the compiler warnings that depend on optimization and treats all warnings as errors. 116 117Switching build modes in CMake is simple. For debug mode, enter at the command line: 118 119 cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug /path/to/mbedtls_source 120 121To list other available CMake options, use: 122 123 cmake -LH 124 125Note that, with CMake, you can't adjust the compiler or its flags after the 126initial invocation of cmake. This means that `CC=your_cc make` and `make 127CC=your_cc` will *not* work (similarly with `CFLAGS` and other variables). 128These variables need to be adjusted when invoking cmake for the first time, 129for example: 130 131 CC=your_cc cmake /path/to/mbedtls_source 132 133If you already invoked cmake and want to change those settings, you need to 134remove the build directory and create it again. 135 136Note that it is possible to build in-place; this will however overwrite the 137provided Makefiles (see `scripts/tmp_ignore_makefiles.sh` if you want to 138prevent `git status` from showing them as modified). In order to do so, from 139the Mbed TLS source directory, use: 140 141 cmake . 142 make 143 144If you want to change `CC` or `CFLAGS` afterwards, you will need to remove the 145CMake cache. This can be done with the following command using GNU find: 146 147 find . -iname '*cmake*' -not -name CMakeLists.txt -exec rm -rf {} + 148 149You can now make the desired change: 150 151 CC=your_cc cmake . 152 make 153 154Regarding variables, also note that if you set CFLAGS when invoking cmake, 155your value of CFLAGS doesn't override the content provided by cmake (depending 156on the build mode as seen above), it's merely prepended to it. 157 158#### Mbed TLS as a subproject 159 160Mbed TLS supports being built as a CMake subproject. One can 161use `add_subdirectory()` from a parent CMake project to include Mbed TLS as a 162subproject. 163 164### Microsoft Visual Studio 165 166The build files for Microsoft Visual Studio are generated for Visual Studio 2010. 167 168The solution file `mbedTLS.sln` contains all the basic projects needed to build the library and all the programs. The files in tests are not generated and compiled, as these need Python and perl environments as well. However, the selftest program in `programs/test/` is still available. 169 170Example programs 171---------------- 172 173We've included example programs for a lot of different features and uses in [`programs/`](programs/README.md). 174Please note that the goal of these sample programs is to demonstrate specific features of the library, and the code may need to be adapted to build a real-world application. 175 176Tests 177----- 178 179Mbed TLS includes an elaborate test suite in `tests/` that initially requires Python to generate the tests files (e.g. `test\_suite\_mpi.c`). These files are generated from a `function file` (e.g. `suites/test\_suite\_mpi.function`) and a `data file` (e.g. `suites/test\_suite\_mpi.data`). The `function file` contains the test functions. The `data file` contains the test cases, specified as parameters that will be passed to the test function. 180 181For machines with a Unix shell and OpenSSL (and optionally GnuTLS) installed, additional test scripts are available: 182 183- `tests/ssl-opt.sh` runs integration tests for various TLS options (renegotiation, resumption, etc.) and tests interoperability of these options with other implementations. 184- `tests/compat.sh` tests interoperability of every ciphersuite with other implementations. 185- `tests/scripts/test-ref-configs.pl` test builds in various reduced configurations. 186- `tests/scripts/key-exchanges.pl` test builds in configurations with a single key exchange enabled 187- `tests/scripts/all.sh` runs a combination of the above tests, plus some more, with various build options (such as ASan, full `config.h`, etc). 188 189Porting Mbed TLS 190---------------- 191 192Mbed TLS can be ported to many different architectures, OS's and platforms. Before starting a port, you may find the following Knowledge Base articles useful: 193 194- [Porting Mbed TLS to a new environment or OS](https://tls.mbed.org/kb/how-to/how-do-i-port-mbed-tls-to-a-new-environment-OS) 195- [What external dependencies does Mbed TLS rely on?](https://tls.mbed.org/kb/development/what-external-dependencies-does-mbedtls-rely-on) 196- [How do I configure Mbed TLS](https://tls.mbed.org/kb/compiling-and-building/how-do-i-configure-mbedtls) 197 198PSA cryptography API 199-------------------- 200 201### PSA API design 202 203Arm's [Platform Security Architecture (PSA)](https://developer.arm.com/architectures/security-architectures/platform-security-architecture) is a holistic set of threat models, security analyses, hardware and firmware architecture specifications, and an open source firmware reference implementation. PSA provides a recipe, based on industry best practice, that allows security to be consistently designed in, at both a hardware and firmware level. 204 205The [PSA cryptography API](https://armmbed.github.io/mbed-crypto/psa/#application-programming-interface) provides access to a set of cryptographic primitives. It has a dual purpose. First, it can be used in a PSA-compliant platform to build services, such as secure boot, secure storage and secure communication. Second, it can also be used independently of other PSA components on any platform. 206 207The design goals of the PSA cryptography API include: 208 209* The API distinguishes caller memory from internal memory, which allows the library to be implemented in an isolated space for additional security. Library calls can be implemented as direct function calls if isolation is not desired, and as remote procedure calls if isolation is desired. 210* The structure of internal data is hidden to the application, which allows substituting alternative implementations at build time or run time, for example, in order to take advantage of hardware accelerators. 211* All access to the keys happens through handles, which allows support for external cryptoprocessors that is transparent to applications. 212* The interface to algorithms is generic, favoring algorithm agility. 213* The interface is designed to be easy to use and hard to accidentally misuse. 214 215Arm welcomes feedback on the design of the API. If you think something could be improved, please open an issue on our Github repository. Alternatively, if you prefer to provide your feedback privately, please email us at [`mbed-crypto@arm.com`](mailto:mbed-crypto@arm.com). All feedback received by email is treated confidentially. 216 217### PSA API documentation 218 219A browsable copy of the PSA Cryptography API documents is available on the [PSA cryptography interfaces documentation portal](https://armmbed.github.io/mbed-crypto/psa/#application-programming-interface) in [PDF](https://armmbed.github.io/mbed-crypto/PSA_Cryptography_API_Specification.pdf) and [HTML](https://armmbed.github.io/mbed-crypto/html/index.html) formats. 220 221### PSA implementation in Mbed TLS 222 223Mbed TLS includes a reference implementation of the PSA Cryptography API. 224This implementation is not yet as mature as the rest of the library. Some parts of the code have not been reviewed as thoroughly, and some parts of the PSA implementation are not yet well optimized for code size. 225 226The X.509 and TLS code can use PSA cryptography for a limited subset of operations. To enable this support, activate the compilation option `MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO` in `config.h`. 227 228There are currently a few deviations where the library does not yet implement the latest version of the specification. Please refer to the [compliance issues on Github](https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbed-crypto/labels/compliance) for an up-to-date list. 229 230### Upcoming features 231 232Future releases of this library will include: 233 234* A driver programming interface, which makes it possible to use hardware accelerators instead of the default software implementation for chosen algorithms. 235* Support for external keys to be stored and manipulated exclusively in a separate cryptoprocessor. 236* A configuration mechanism to compile only the algorithms you need for your application. 237* A wider set of cryptographic algorithms. 238 239License 240------- 241 242Unless specifically indicated otherwise in a file, Mbed TLS files are provided under the [Apache-2.0](https://spdx.org/licenses/Apache-2.0.html) license. See the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for the full text of this license. Contributors must accept that their contributions are made under both the Apache-2.0 AND [GPL-2.0-or-later](https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-2.0-or-later.html) licenses. This enables LTS (Long Term Support) branches of the software to be provided under either the Apache-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-or-later licenses. 243 244Contributing 245------------ 246 247We gratefully accept bug reports and contributions from the community. Please see the [contributing guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md) for details on how to do this. 248