1# Setup compiler for the core module 2ifeq ($(CFG_ARM64_core),y) 3arch-bits-core := 64 4else 5arch-bits-core := 32 6endif 7CROSS_COMPILE_core := $(CROSS_COMPILE$(arch-bits-core)) 8COMPILER_core := $(COMPILER) 9include mk/$(COMPILER_core).mk 10 11# Defines the cc-option macro using the compiler set for the core module 12include mk/cc-option.mk 13 14# Size of emulated TrustZone protected SRAM, 448 kB. 15# Only applicable when paging is enabled. 16CFG_CORE_TZSRAM_EMUL_SIZE ?= 458752 17 18ifneq ($(CFG_LPAE_ADDR_SPACE_SIZE),) 19$(warning Error: CFG_LPAE_ADDR_SPACE_SIZE is not supported any longer) 20$(error Error: Please use CFG_LPAE_ADDR_SPACE_BITS instead) 21endif 22 23CFG_LPAE_ADDR_SPACE_BITS ?= 32 24ifeq ($(CFG_ARM32_core),y) 25$(call force,CFG_LPAE_ADDR_SPACE_BITS,32) 26endif 27 28CFG_MMAP_REGIONS ?= 13 29CFG_RESERVED_VASPACE_SIZE ?= (1024 * 1024 * 10) 30CFG_NEX_DYN_VASPACE_SIZE ?= (1024 * 1024) 31CFG_TEE_DYN_VASPACE_SIZE ?= (1024 * 1024) 32 33ifeq ($(CFG_ARM64_core),y) 34ifeq ($(CFG_ARM32_core),y) 35$(error CFG_ARM64_core and CFG_ARM32_core cannot be both 'y') 36endif 37CFG_KERN_LINKER_FORMAT ?= elf64-littleaarch64 38CFG_KERN_LINKER_ARCH ?= aarch64 39# TCR_EL1.IPS needs to be initialized according to the largest physical 40# address that we need to map. 41# Physical address size 42# 32 bits, 4GB. 43# 36 bits, 64GB. 44# (etc.) 45CFG_CORE_ARM64_PA_BITS ?= 32 46$(call force,CFG_WITH_LPAE,y) 47else 48$(call force,CFG_ARM32_core,y) 49CFG_KERN_LINKER_FORMAT ?= elf32-littlearm 50CFG_KERN_LINKER_ARCH ?= arm 51endif 52 53ifeq ($(CFG_TA_FLOAT_SUPPORT),y) 54# Use hard-float for floating point support in user TAs instead of 55# soft-float 56CFG_WITH_VFP ?= y 57ifeq ($(CFG_ARM64_core),y) 58# AArch64 has no fallback to soft-float 59$(call force,CFG_WITH_VFP,y) 60endif 61ifeq ($(CFG_WITH_VFP),y) 62arm64-platform-hard-float-enabled := y 63ifneq ($(CFG_TA_ARM32_NO_HARD_FLOAT_SUPPORT),y) 64arm32-platform-hard-float-enabled := y 65endif 66endif 67endif 68 69# Adds protection against CVE-2017-5715 also know as Spectre 70# (https://spectreattack.com) 71# See also https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/pdf/Cache_Speculation_Side-channels.pdf 72# Variant 2 73CFG_CORE_WORKAROUND_SPECTRE_BP ?= y 74# Same as CFG_CORE_WORKAROUND_SPECTRE_BP but targeting exceptions from 75# secure EL0 instead of non-secure world, including mitigation for 76# CVE-2022-23960. 77CFG_CORE_WORKAROUND_SPECTRE_BP_SEC ?= $(CFG_CORE_WORKAROUND_SPECTRE_BP) 78 79# Adds protection against a tool like Cachegrab 80# (https://github.com/nccgroup/cachegrab), which uses non-secure interrupts 81# to prime and later analyze the L1D, L1I and BTB caches to gain 82# information from secure world execution. 83CFG_CORE_WORKAROUND_NSITR_CACHE_PRIME ?= y 84ifeq ($(CFG_CORE_WORKAROUND_NSITR_CACHE_PRIME),y) 85$(call force,CFG_CORE_WORKAROUND_SPECTRE_BP,y,Required by CFG_CORE_WORKAROUND_NSITR_CACHE_PRIME) 86endif 87 88# Adds workarounds against if ARM core is configured with Non-maskable FIQ 89# (NMFI) support. This is indicated by SCTLR.NMFI being true. NMFI cannot be 90# disabled by software and as it affects atomic context end result will be 91# prohibiting FIQ signal usage in OP-TEE and applying some tweaks to make sure 92# FIQ is enabled in critical places. 93CFG_CORE_WORKAROUND_ARM_NMFI ?= n 94 95CFG_CORE_RWDATA_NOEXEC ?= y 96CFG_CORE_RODATA_NOEXEC ?= n 97ifeq ($(CFG_CORE_RODATA_NOEXEC),y) 98$(call force,CFG_CORE_RWDATA_NOEXEC,y) 99endif 100# 'y' to set the Alignment Check Enable bit in SCTLR/SCTLR_EL1, 'n' to clear it 101CFG_SCTLR_ALIGNMENT_CHECK ?= n 102 103ifeq ($(CFG_CORE_LARGE_PHYS_ADDR),y) 104$(call force,CFG_WITH_LPAE,y) 105endif 106 107# SPMC configuration "S-EL1 SPMC" where SPM Core is implemented at S-EL1, 108# that is, OP-TEE. 109ifeq ($(CFG_CORE_SEL1_SPMC),y) 110$(call force,CFG_CORE_FFA,y) 111$(call force,CFG_CORE_SEL2_SPMC,n) 112$(call force,CFG_CORE_EL3_SPMC,n) 113endif 114# SPMC configuration "S-EL2 SPMC" where SPM Core is implemented at S-EL2, 115# that is, the hypervisor sandboxing OP-TEE 116ifeq ($(CFG_CORE_SEL2_SPMC),y) 117$(call force,CFG_CORE_FFA,y) 118$(call force,CFG_CORE_SEL1_SPMC,n) 119$(call force,CFG_CORE_EL3_SPMC,n) 120CFG_CORE_HAFNIUM_INTC ?= y 121# Enable support in OP-TEE to relocate itself to allow it to run from a 122# physical address that differs from the link address 123CFG_CORE_PHYS_RELOCATABLE ?= y 124endif 125# SPMC configuration "EL3 SPMC" where SPM Core is implemented at EL3, that 126# is, in TF-A 127ifeq ($(CFG_CORE_EL3_SPMC),y) 128$(call force,CFG_CORE_FFA,y) 129$(call force,CFG_CORE_SEL2_SPMC,n) 130$(call force,CFG_CORE_SEL1_SPMC,n) 131endif 132 133ifeq ($(CFG_CORE_FFA),y) 134ifneq ($(CFG_DT),y) 135$(error CFG_CORE_FFA depends on CFG_DT) 136endif 137ifneq ($(CFG_ARM64_core),y) 138$(error CFG_CORE_FFA depends on CFG_ARM64_core) 139endif 140endif 141 142ifeq ($(CFG_CORE_PHYS_RELOCATABLE)-$(CFG_WITH_PAGER),y-y) 143$(error CFG_CORE_PHYS_RELOCATABLE and CFG_WITH_PAGER are not compatible) 144endif 145ifeq ($(CFG_CORE_PHYS_RELOCATABLE),y) 146ifneq ($(CFG_CORE_SEL2_SPMC),y) 147$(error CFG_CORE_PHYS_RELOCATABLE depends on CFG_CORE_SEL2_SPMC) 148endif 149endif 150 151ifeq ($(CFG_CORE_FFA)-$(CFG_WITH_PAGER),y-y) 152$(error CFG_CORE_FFA and CFG_WITH_PAGER are not compatible) 153endif 154_CFG_ARM_V3_OR_V4 := $(call cfg-one-enabled, CFG_ARM_GICV3 CFG_ARM_GICV4) 155 156ifeq ($(CFG_GIC),y) 157ifeq ($(_CFG_ARM_V3_OR_V4),y) 158$(call force,CFG_CORE_IRQ_IS_NATIVE_INTR,y) 159else 160$(call force,CFG_CORE_IRQ_IS_NATIVE_INTR,n) 161endif 162endif 163 164CFG_CORE_HAFNIUM_INTC ?= n 165ifeq ($(CFG_CORE_HAFNIUM_INTC),y) 166$(call force,CFG_CORE_IRQ_IS_NATIVE_INTR,y) 167endif 168 169# Selects if IRQ is used to signal native interrupt 170# if CFG_CORE_IRQ_IS_NATIVE_INTR == y: 171# IRQ signals a native interrupt pending 172# FIQ signals a foreign non-secure interrupt or a managed exit pending 173# else: (vice versa) 174# IRQ signals a foreign non-secure interrupt or a managed exit pending 175# FIQ signals a native interrupt pending 176CFG_CORE_IRQ_IS_NATIVE_INTR ?= n 177 178# Unmaps all kernel mode code except the code needed to take exceptions 179# from user space and restore kernel mode mapping again. This gives more 180# strict control over what is accessible while in user mode. 181# Addresses CVE-2017-5715 (aka Meltdown) known to affect Arm Cortex-A75 182CFG_CORE_UNMAP_CORE_AT_EL0 ?= y 183 184# Initialize PMCR.DP to 1 to prohibit cycle counting in secure state, and 185# save/restore PMCR during world switch. 186CFG_SM_NO_CYCLE_COUNTING ?= y 187 188 189# CFG_CORE_ASYNC_NOTIF_GIC_INTID is defined by the platform to some free 190# interrupt. Setting it to a non-zero number enables support for using an 191# Arm-GIC to notify normal world. This config variable should use a value 192# larger or equal to 24 to make it of the type SPI or PPI (secure PPI 193# only). 194# Note that asynchronous notifactions must be enabled with 195# CFG_CORE_ASYNC_NOTIF=y for this variable to be used. 196CFG_CORE_ASYNC_NOTIF_GIC_INTID ?= 0 197 198ifeq ($(CFG_ARM32_core),y) 199# Configration directive related to ARMv7 optee boot arguments. 200# CFG_PAGEABLE_ADDR: if defined, forces pageable data physical address. 201# CFG_NS_ENTRY_ADDR: if defined, forces NS World physical entry address. 202# CFG_DT_ADDR: if defined, forces Device Tree data physical address. 203endif 204 205# CFG_MAX_CACHE_LINE_SHIFT is used to define platform specific maximum cache 206# line size in address lines. This must cover all inner and outer cache levels. 207# When data is aligned with this and cache operations are performed then those 208# only affect correct data. 209# 210# Default value (6 lines or 64 bytes) should cover most architectures, override 211# this in platform config if different. 212CFG_MAX_CACHE_LINE_SHIFT ?= 6 213 214core-platform-cppflags += -I$(arch-dir)/include 215core-platform-subdirs += \ 216 $(addprefix $(arch-dir)/, kernel crypto mm tee) $(platform-dir) 217 218ifneq ($(CFG_WITH_ARM_TRUSTED_FW),y) 219core-platform-subdirs += $(arch-dir)/sm 220endif 221 222ifneq ($(CFG_TEE_CORE_EMBED_INTERNAL_TESTS),y) 223core-platform-subdirs += $(arch-dir)/tests 224endif 225 226arm64-platform-cppflags += -DARM64=1 -D__LP64__=1 227arm32-platform-cppflags += -DARM32=1 -D__ILP32__=1 228 229platform-cflags-generic ?= -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -pipe 230platform-aflags-generic ?= -pipe 231 232arm32-platform-aflags += -marm 233 234arm32-platform-cflags-no-hard-float ?= -mfloat-abi=soft 235arm32-platform-cflags-hard-float ?= -mfloat-abi=hard -funsafe-math-optimizations 236arm32-platform-cflags-generic-thumb ?= -mthumb \ 237 -fno-short-enums -fno-common -mno-unaligned-access 238arm32-platform-cflags-generic-arm ?= -marm -fno-omit-frame-pointer -mapcs \ 239 -fno-short-enums -fno-common -mno-unaligned-access 240arm32-platform-aflags-no-hard-float ?= 241 242arm64-platform-cflags-no-hard-float ?= -mgeneral-regs-only 243arm64-platform-cflags-hard-float ?= 244arm64-platform-cflags-generic := -mstrict-align $(call cc-option,-mno-outline-atomics,) 245 246ifeq ($(CFG_MEMTAG),y) 247arm64-platform-cflags += -march=armv8.5-a+memtag 248arm64-platform-aflags += -march=armv8.5-a+memtag 249endif 250 251platform-cflags-optimization ?= -O$(CFG_CC_OPT_LEVEL) 252 253ifeq ($(CFG_DEBUG_INFO),y) 254platform-cflags-debug-info ?= -g3 255platform-aflags-debug-info ?= -g 256endif 257 258core-platform-cflags += $(platform-cflags-optimization) 259core-platform-cflags += $(platform-cflags-generic) 260core-platform-cflags += $(platform-cflags-debug-info) 261 262core-platform-aflags += $(platform-aflags-generic) 263core-platform-aflags += $(platform-aflags-debug-info) 264 265ifeq ($(call cfg-one-enabled, CFG_CORE_ASLR CFG_CORE_PHYS_RELOCATABLE),y) 266core-platform-cflags += -fpie 267endif 268 269ifeq ($(CFG_CORE_PAUTH),y) 270bp-core-opt := $(call cc-option,-mbranch-protection=pac-ret+leaf) 271endif 272 273ifeq ($(CFG_CORE_BTI),y) 274bp-core-opt := $(call cc-option,-mbranch-protection=bti) 275endif 276 277ifeq (y-y,$(CFG_CORE_PAUTH)-$(CFG_CORE_BTI)) 278bp-core-opt := $(call cc-option,-mbranch-protection=pac-ret+leaf+bti) 279endif 280 281ifeq (y,$(filter $(CFG_CORE_BTI) $(CFG_CORE_PAUTH),y)) 282ifeq (,$(bp-core-opt)) 283$(error -mbranch-protection not supported) 284endif 285core-platform-cflags += $(bp-core-opt) 286endif 287 288ifeq ($(CFG_ARM64_core),y) 289core-platform-cppflags += $(arm64-platform-cppflags) 290core-platform-cflags += $(arm64-platform-cflags) 291core-platform-cflags += $(arm64-platform-cflags-generic) 292core-platform-cflags += $(arm64-platform-cflags-no-hard-float) 293core-platform-aflags += $(arm64-platform-aflags) 294else 295core-platform-cppflags += $(arm32-platform-cppflags) 296core-platform-cflags += $(arm32-platform-cflags) 297core-platform-cflags += $(arm32-platform-cflags-no-hard-float) 298ifeq ($(CFG_UNWIND),y) 299core-platform-cflags += -funwind-tables 300endif 301ifeq ($(CFG_SYSCALL_FTRACE),y) 302core-platform-cflags += $(arm32-platform-cflags-generic-arm) 303else 304core-platform-cflags += $(arm32-platform-cflags-generic-thumb) 305endif 306core-platform-aflags += $(core_arm32-platform-aflags) 307core-platform-aflags += $(arm32-platform-aflags) 308endif 309 310# Provide default supported-ta-targets if not set by the platform config 311ifeq (,$(supported-ta-targets)) 312supported-ta-targets = ta_arm32 313ifeq ($(CFG_ARM64_core),y) 314supported-ta-targets += ta_arm64 315endif 316endif 317 318ta-targets := $(if $(CFG_USER_TA_TARGETS),$(filter $(supported-ta-targets),$(CFG_USER_TA_TARGETS)),$(supported-ta-targets)) 319unsup-targets := $(filter-out $(ta-targets),$(CFG_USER_TA_TARGETS)) 320ifneq (,$(unsup-targets)) 321$(error CFG_USER_TA_TARGETS contains unsupported value(s): $(unsup-targets). Valid values: $(supported-ta-targets)) 322endif 323 324ifneq ($(filter ta_arm32,$(ta-targets)),) 325# Variables for ta-target/sm "ta_arm32" 326CFG_ARM32_ta_arm32 := y 327arch-bits-ta_arm32 := 32 328ta_arm32-platform-cppflags += $(arm32-platform-cppflags) 329ta_arm32-platform-cflags += $(arm32-platform-cflags) 330ta_arm32-platform-cflags += $(platform-cflags-optimization) 331ta_arm32-platform-cflags += $(platform-cflags-debug-info) 332ta_arm32-platform-cflags += -fpic 333 334# Thumb mode doesn't support function graph tracing due to missing 335# frame pointer support required to trace function call chain. So 336# rather compile in ARM mode if function tracing is enabled. 337ifeq ($(CFG_FTRACE_SUPPORT),y) 338ta_arm32-platform-cflags += $(arm32-platform-cflags-generic-arm) 339else 340ta_arm32-platform-cflags += $(arm32-platform-cflags-generic-thumb) 341endif 342 343ifeq ($(arm32-platform-hard-float-enabled),y) 344ta_arm32-platform-cflags += $(arm32-platform-cflags-hard-float) 345else 346ta_arm32-platform-cflags += $(arm32-platform-cflags-no-hard-float) 347endif 348ifeq ($(CFG_UNWIND),y) 349ta_arm32-platform-cflags += -funwind-tables 350endif 351ta_arm32-platform-aflags += $(platform-aflags-generic) 352ta_arm32-platform-aflags += $(platform-aflags-debug-info) 353ta_arm32-platform-aflags += $(arm32-platform-aflags) 354 355ta_arm32-platform-cxxflags += -fpic 356ta_arm32-platform-cxxflags += $(arm32-platform-cxxflags) 357ta_arm32-platform-cxxflags += $(platform-cflags-optimization) 358ta_arm32-platform-cxxflags += $(platform-cflags-debug-info) 359 360ifeq ($(arm32-platform-hard-float-enabled),y) 361ta_arm32-platform-cxxflags += $(arm32-platform-cflags-hard-float) 362else 363ta_arm32-platform-cxxflags += $(arm32-platform-cflags-no-hard-float) 364endif 365 366ta-mk-file-export-vars-ta_arm32 += CFG_ARM32_ta_arm32 367ta-mk-file-export-vars-ta_arm32 += ta_arm32-platform-cppflags 368ta-mk-file-export-vars-ta_arm32 += ta_arm32-platform-cflags 369ta-mk-file-export-vars-ta_arm32 += ta_arm32-platform-aflags 370ta-mk-file-export-vars-ta_arm32 += ta_arm32-platform-cxxflags 371 372ta-mk-file-export-add-ta_arm32 += CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-gnueabihf-_nl_ 373ta-mk-file-export-add-ta_arm32 += CROSS_COMPILE32 ?= $$(CROSS_COMPILE)_nl_ 374ta-mk-file-export-add-ta_arm32 += CROSS_COMPILE_ta_arm32 ?= $$(CROSS_COMPILE32)_nl_ 375ta-mk-file-export-add-ta_arm32 += COMPILER ?= gcc_nl_ 376ta-mk-file-export-add-ta_arm32 += COMPILER_ta_arm32 ?= $$(COMPILER)_nl_ 377ta-mk-file-export-add-ta_arm32 += PYTHON3 ?= python3_nl_ 378endif 379 380ifneq ($(filter ta_arm64,$(ta-targets)),) 381# Variables for ta-target/sm "ta_arm64" 382CFG_ARM64_ta_arm64 := y 383arch-bits-ta_arm64 := 64 384ta_arm64-platform-cppflags += $(arm64-platform-cppflags) 385ta_arm64-platform-cflags += $(arm64-platform-cflags) 386ta_arm64-platform-cflags += $(platform-cflags-optimization) 387ta_arm64-platform-cflags += $(platform-cflags-debug-info) 388ta_arm64-platform-cflags += -fpic 389ta_arm64-platform-cflags += $(arm64-platform-cflags-generic) 390ifeq ($(arm64-platform-hard-float-enabled),y) 391ta_arm64-platform-cflags += $(arm64-platform-cflags-hard-float) 392else 393ta_arm64-platform-cflags += $(arm64-platform-cflags-no-hard-float) 394endif 395ta_arm64-platform-aflags += $(platform-aflags-generic) 396ta_arm64-platform-aflags += $(platform-aflags-debug-info) 397ta_arm64-platform-aflags += $(arm64-platform-aflags) 398 399ta_arm64-platform-cxxflags += -fpic 400ta_arm64-platform-cxxflags += $(platform-cflags-optimization) 401ta_arm64-platform-cxxflags += $(platform-cflags-debug-info) 402 403ifeq ($(CFG_TA_PAUTH),y) 404bp-ta-opt := $(call cc-option,-mbranch-protection=pac-ret+leaf) 405endif 406 407ifeq ($(CFG_TA_BTI),y) 408bp-ta-opt := $(call cc-option,-mbranch-protection=bti) 409endif 410 411ifeq (y-y,$(CFG_TA_PAUTH)-$(CFG_TA_BTI)) 412bp-ta-opt := $(call cc-option,-mbranch-protection=pac-ret+leaf+bti) 413endif 414 415ifeq (y,$(filter $(CFG_TA_BTI) $(CFG_TA_PAUTH),y)) 416ifeq (,$(bp-ta-opt)) 417$(error -mbranch-protection not supported) 418endif 419ta_arm64-platform-cflags += $(bp-ta-opt) 420endif 421 422ta-mk-file-export-vars-ta_arm64 += CFG_ARM64_ta_arm64 423ta-mk-file-export-vars-ta_arm64 += ta_arm64-platform-cppflags 424ta-mk-file-export-vars-ta_arm64 += ta_arm64-platform-cflags 425ta-mk-file-export-vars-ta_arm64 += ta_arm64-platform-aflags 426ta-mk-file-export-vars-ta_arm64 += ta_arm64-platform-cxxflags 427 428ta-mk-file-export-add-ta_arm64 += CROSS_COMPILE64 ?= $$(CROSS_COMPILE)_nl_ 429ta-mk-file-export-add-ta_arm64 += CROSS_COMPILE_ta_arm64 ?= $$(CROSS_COMPILE64)_nl_ 430ta-mk-file-export-add-ta_arm64 += COMPILER ?= gcc_nl_ 431ta-mk-file-export-add-ta_arm64 += COMPILER_ta_arm64 ?= $$(COMPILER)_nl_ 432ta-mk-file-export-add-ta_arm64 += PYTHON3 ?= python3_nl_ 433endif 434 435# Set cross compiler prefix for each TA target 436$(foreach sm, $(ta-targets), $(eval CROSS_COMPILE_$(sm) ?= $(CROSS_COMPILE$(arch-bits-$(sm))))) 437 438arm32-sysreg-txt = core/arch/arm/kernel/arm32_sysreg.txt 439arm32-sysregs-$(arm32-sysreg-txt)-h := arm32_sysreg.h 440arm32-sysregs-$(arm32-sysreg-txt)-s := arm32_sysreg.S 441arm32-sysregs += $(arm32-sysreg-txt) 442 443ifeq ($(_CFG_ARM_V3_OR_V4),y) 444arm32-gicv3-sysreg-txt = core/arch/arm/kernel/arm32_gicv3_sysreg.txt 445arm32-sysregs-$(arm32-gicv3-sysreg-txt)-h := arm32_gicv3_sysreg.h 446arm32-sysregs-$(arm32-gicv3-sysreg-txt)-s := arm32_gicv3_sysreg.S 447arm32-sysregs += $(arm32-gicv3-sysreg-txt) 448endif 449 450arm32-sysregs-out := $(out-dir)/$(sm)/include/generated 451 452define process-arm32-sysreg 453FORCE-GENSRC$(sm): $$(arm32-sysregs-out)/$$(arm32-sysregs-$(1)-h) 454cleanfiles := $$(cleanfiles) $$(arm32-sysregs-out)/$$(arm32-sysregs-$(1)-h) 455 456$$(arm32-sysregs-out)/$$(arm32-sysregs-$(1)-h): $(1) scripts/arm32_sysreg.py 457 @$(cmd-echo-silent) ' GEN $$@' 458 $(q)mkdir -p $$(dir $$@) 459 $(q)scripts/arm32_sysreg.py --guard __$$(arm32-sysregs-$(1)-h) \ 460 < $$< > $$@ 461 462FORCE-GENSRC$(sm): $$(arm32-sysregs-out)/$$(arm32-sysregs-$(1)-s) 463cleanfiles := $$(cleanfiles) $$(arm32-sysregs-out)/$$(arm32-sysregs-$(1)-s) 464 465$$(arm32-sysregs-out)/$$(arm32-sysregs-$(1)-s): $(1) scripts/arm32_sysreg.py 466 @$(cmd-echo-silent) ' GEN $$@' 467 $(q)mkdir -p $$(dir $$@) 468 $(q)scripts/arm32_sysreg.py --s_file < $$< > $$@ 469endef #process-arm32-sysreg 470 471$(foreach sr, $(arm32-sysregs), $(eval $(call process-arm32-sysreg,$(sr)))) 472