1*4882a593Smuzhiyun // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
2*4882a593Smuzhiyun /*
3*4882a593Smuzhiyun * This file provides ECC correction for more than 1 bit per block of data,
4*4882a593Smuzhiyun * using binary BCH codes. It relies on the generic BCH library lib/bch.c.
5*4882a593Smuzhiyun *
6*4882a593Smuzhiyun * Copyright © 2011 Ivan Djelic <ivan.djelic@parrot.com>
7*4882a593Smuzhiyun */
8*4882a593Smuzhiyun
9*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/types.h>
10*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/kernel.h>
11*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/module.h>
12*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/slab.h>
13*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/bitops.h>
14*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
15*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/mtd/rawnand.h>
16*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/mtd/nand_bch.h>
17*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/bch.h>
18*4882a593Smuzhiyun
19*4882a593Smuzhiyun /**
20*4882a593Smuzhiyun * struct nand_bch_control - private NAND BCH control structure
21*4882a593Smuzhiyun * @bch: BCH control structure
22*4882a593Smuzhiyun * @errloc: error location array
23*4882a593Smuzhiyun * @eccmask: XOR ecc mask, allows erased pages to be decoded as valid
24*4882a593Smuzhiyun */
25*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct nand_bch_control {
26*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct bch_control *bch;
27*4882a593Smuzhiyun unsigned int *errloc;
28*4882a593Smuzhiyun unsigned char *eccmask;
29*4882a593Smuzhiyun };
30*4882a593Smuzhiyun
31*4882a593Smuzhiyun /**
32*4882a593Smuzhiyun * nand_bch_calculate_ecc - [NAND Interface] Calculate ECC for data block
33*4882a593Smuzhiyun * @chip: NAND chip object
34*4882a593Smuzhiyun * @buf: input buffer with raw data
35*4882a593Smuzhiyun * @code: output buffer with ECC
36*4882a593Smuzhiyun */
nand_bch_calculate_ecc(struct nand_chip * chip,const unsigned char * buf,unsigned char * code)37*4882a593Smuzhiyun int nand_bch_calculate_ecc(struct nand_chip *chip, const unsigned char *buf,
38*4882a593Smuzhiyun unsigned char *code)
39*4882a593Smuzhiyun {
40*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct nand_bch_control *nbc = chip->ecc.priv;
41*4882a593Smuzhiyun unsigned int i;
42*4882a593Smuzhiyun
43*4882a593Smuzhiyun memset(code, 0, chip->ecc.bytes);
44*4882a593Smuzhiyun bch_encode(nbc->bch, buf, chip->ecc.size, code);
45*4882a593Smuzhiyun
46*4882a593Smuzhiyun /* apply mask so that an erased page is a valid codeword */
47*4882a593Smuzhiyun for (i = 0; i < chip->ecc.bytes; i++)
48*4882a593Smuzhiyun code[i] ^= nbc->eccmask[i];
49*4882a593Smuzhiyun
50*4882a593Smuzhiyun return 0;
51*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
52*4882a593Smuzhiyun EXPORT_SYMBOL(nand_bch_calculate_ecc);
53*4882a593Smuzhiyun
54*4882a593Smuzhiyun /**
55*4882a593Smuzhiyun * nand_bch_correct_data - [NAND Interface] Detect and correct bit error(s)
56*4882a593Smuzhiyun * @chip: NAND chip object
57*4882a593Smuzhiyun * @buf: raw data read from the chip
58*4882a593Smuzhiyun * @read_ecc: ECC from the chip
59*4882a593Smuzhiyun * @calc_ecc: the ECC calculated from raw data
60*4882a593Smuzhiyun *
61*4882a593Smuzhiyun * Detect and correct bit errors for a data byte block
62*4882a593Smuzhiyun */
nand_bch_correct_data(struct nand_chip * chip,unsigned char * buf,unsigned char * read_ecc,unsigned char * calc_ecc)63*4882a593Smuzhiyun int nand_bch_correct_data(struct nand_chip *chip, unsigned char *buf,
64*4882a593Smuzhiyun unsigned char *read_ecc, unsigned char *calc_ecc)
65*4882a593Smuzhiyun {
66*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct nand_bch_control *nbc = chip->ecc.priv;
67*4882a593Smuzhiyun unsigned int *errloc = nbc->errloc;
68*4882a593Smuzhiyun int i, count;
69*4882a593Smuzhiyun
70*4882a593Smuzhiyun count = bch_decode(nbc->bch, NULL, chip->ecc.size, read_ecc, calc_ecc,
71*4882a593Smuzhiyun NULL, errloc);
72*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (count > 0) {
73*4882a593Smuzhiyun for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
74*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (errloc[i] < (chip->ecc.size*8))
75*4882a593Smuzhiyun /* error is located in data, correct it */
76*4882a593Smuzhiyun buf[errloc[i] >> 3] ^= (1 << (errloc[i] & 7));
77*4882a593Smuzhiyun /* else error in ecc, no action needed */
78*4882a593Smuzhiyun
79*4882a593Smuzhiyun pr_debug("%s: corrected bitflip %u\n", __func__,
80*4882a593Smuzhiyun errloc[i]);
81*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
82*4882a593Smuzhiyun } else if (count < 0) {
83*4882a593Smuzhiyun pr_err("ecc unrecoverable error\n");
84*4882a593Smuzhiyun count = -EBADMSG;
85*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
86*4882a593Smuzhiyun return count;
87*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
88*4882a593Smuzhiyun EXPORT_SYMBOL(nand_bch_correct_data);
89*4882a593Smuzhiyun
90*4882a593Smuzhiyun /**
91*4882a593Smuzhiyun * nand_bch_init - [NAND Interface] Initialize NAND BCH error correction
92*4882a593Smuzhiyun * @mtd: MTD block structure
93*4882a593Smuzhiyun *
94*4882a593Smuzhiyun * Returns:
95*4882a593Smuzhiyun * a pointer to a new NAND BCH control structure, or NULL upon failure
96*4882a593Smuzhiyun *
97*4882a593Smuzhiyun * Initialize NAND BCH error correction. Parameters @eccsize and @eccbytes
98*4882a593Smuzhiyun * are used to compute BCH parameters m (Galois field order) and t (error
99*4882a593Smuzhiyun * correction capability). @eccbytes should be equal to the number of bytes
100*4882a593Smuzhiyun * required to store m*t bits, where m is such that 2^m-1 > @eccsize*8.
101*4882a593Smuzhiyun *
102*4882a593Smuzhiyun * Example: to configure 4 bit correction per 512 bytes, you should pass
103*4882a593Smuzhiyun * @eccsize = 512 (thus, m=13 is the smallest integer such that 2^m-1 > 512*8)
104*4882a593Smuzhiyun * @eccbytes = 7 (7 bytes are required to store m*t = 13*4 = 52 bits)
105*4882a593Smuzhiyun */
nand_bch_init(struct mtd_info * mtd)106*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct nand_bch_control *nand_bch_init(struct mtd_info *mtd)
107*4882a593Smuzhiyun {
108*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct nand_chip *nand = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
109*4882a593Smuzhiyun unsigned int m, t, eccsteps, i;
110*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct nand_bch_control *nbc = NULL;
111*4882a593Smuzhiyun unsigned char *erased_page;
112*4882a593Smuzhiyun unsigned int eccsize = nand->ecc.size;
113*4882a593Smuzhiyun unsigned int eccbytes = nand->ecc.bytes;
114*4882a593Smuzhiyun unsigned int eccstrength = nand->ecc.strength;
115*4882a593Smuzhiyun
116*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (!eccbytes && eccstrength) {
117*4882a593Smuzhiyun eccbytes = DIV_ROUND_UP(eccstrength * fls(8 * eccsize), 8);
118*4882a593Smuzhiyun nand->ecc.bytes = eccbytes;
119*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
120*4882a593Smuzhiyun
121*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (!eccsize || !eccbytes) {
122*4882a593Smuzhiyun pr_warn("ecc parameters not supplied\n");
123*4882a593Smuzhiyun goto fail;
124*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
125*4882a593Smuzhiyun
126*4882a593Smuzhiyun m = fls(1+8*eccsize);
127*4882a593Smuzhiyun t = (eccbytes*8)/m;
128*4882a593Smuzhiyun
129*4882a593Smuzhiyun nbc = kzalloc(sizeof(*nbc), GFP_KERNEL);
130*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (!nbc)
131*4882a593Smuzhiyun goto fail;
132*4882a593Smuzhiyun
133*4882a593Smuzhiyun nbc->bch = bch_init(m, t, 0, false);
134*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (!nbc->bch)
135*4882a593Smuzhiyun goto fail;
136*4882a593Smuzhiyun
137*4882a593Smuzhiyun /* verify that eccbytes has the expected value */
138*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (nbc->bch->ecc_bytes != eccbytes) {
139*4882a593Smuzhiyun pr_warn("invalid eccbytes %u, should be %u\n",
140*4882a593Smuzhiyun eccbytes, nbc->bch->ecc_bytes);
141*4882a593Smuzhiyun goto fail;
142*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
143*4882a593Smuzhiyun
144*4882a593Smuzhiyun eccsteps = mtd->writesize/eccsize;
145*4882a593Smuzhiyun
146*4882a593Smuzhiyun /* Check that we have an oob layout description. */
147*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (!mtd->ooblayout) {
148*4882a593Smuzhiyun pr_warn("missing oob scheme");
149*4882a593Smuzhiyun goto fail;
150*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
151*4882a593Smuzhiyun
152*4882a593Smuzhiyun /* sanity checks */
153*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (8*(eccsize+eccbytes) >= (1 << m)) {
154*4882a593Smuzhiyun pr_warn("eccsize %u is too large\n", eccsize);
155*4882a593Smuzhiyun goto fail;
156*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
157*4882a593Smuzhiyun
158*4882a593Smuzhiyun /*
159*4882a593Smuzhiyun * ecc->steps and ecc->total might be used by mtd->ooblayout->ecc(),
160*4882a593Smuzhiyun * which is called by mtd_ooblayout_count_eccbytes().
161*4882a593Smuzhiyun * Make sure they are properly initialized before calling
162*4882a593Smuzhiyun * mtd_ooblayout_count_eccbytes().
163*4882a593Smuzhiyun * FIXME: we should probably rework the sequencing in nand_scan_tail()
164*4882a593Smuzhiyun * to avoid setting those fields twice.
165*4882a593Smuzhiyun */
166*4882a593Smuzhiyun nand->ecc.steps = eccsteps;
167*4882a593Smuzhiyun nand->ecc.total = eccsteps * eccbytes;
168*4882a593Smuzhiyun nand->base.ecc.ctx.total = nand->ecc.total;
169*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (mtd_ooblayout_count_eccbytes(mtd) != (eccsteps*eccbytes)) {
170*4882a593Smuzhiyun pr_warn("invalid ecc layout\n");
171*4882a593Smuzhiyun goto fail;
172*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
173*4882a593Smuzhiyun
174*4882a593Smuzhiyun nbc->eccmask = kzalloc(eccbytes, GFP_KERNEL);
175*4882a593Smuzhiyun nbc->errloc = kmalloc_array(t, sizeof(*nbc->errloc), GFP_KERNEL);
176*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (!nbc->eccmask || !nbc->errloc)
177*4882a593Smuzhiyun goto fail;
178*4882a593Smuzhiyun /*
179*4882a593Smuzhiyun * compute and store the inverted ecc of an erased ecc block
180*4882a593Smuzhiyun */
181*4882a593Smuzhiyun erased_page = kmalloc(eccsize, GFP_KERNEL);
182*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (!erased_page)
183*4882a593Smuzhiyun goto fail;
184*4882a593Smuzhiyun
185*4882a593Smuzhiyun memset(erased_page, 0xff, eccsize);
186*4882a593Smuzhiyun bch_encode(nbc->bch, erased_page, eccsize, nbc->eccmask);
187*4882a593Smuzhiyun kfree(erased_page);
188*4882a593Smuzhiyun
189*4882a593Smuzhiyun for (i = 0; i < eccbytes; i++)
190*4882a593Smuzhiyun nbc->eccmask[i] ^= 0xff;
191*4882a593Smuzhiyun
192*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (!eccstrength)
193*4882a593Smuzhiyun nand->ecc.strength = (eccbytes * 8) / fls(8 * eccsize);
194*4882a593Smuzhiyun
195*4882a593Smuzhiyun return nbc;
196*4882a593Smuzhiyun fail:
197*4882a593Smuzhiyun nand_bch_free(nbc);
198*4882a593Smuzhiyun return NULL;
199*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
200*4882a593Smuzhiyun EXPORT_SYMBOL(nand_bch_init);
201*4882a593Smuzhiyun
202*4882a593Smuzhiyun /**
203*4882a593Smuzhiyun * nand_bch_free - [NAND Interface] Release NAND BCH ECC resources
204*4882a593Smuzhiyun * @nbc: NAND BCH control structure
205*4882a593Smuzhiyun */
nand_bch_free(struct nand_bch_control * nbc)206*4882a593Smuzhiyun void nand_bch_free(struct nand_bch_control *nbc)
207*4882a593Smuzhiyun {
208*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (nbc) {
209*4882a593Smuzhiyun bch_free(nbc->bch);
210*4882a593Smuzhiyun kfree(nbc->errloc);
211*4882a593Smuzhiyun kfree(nbc->eccmask);
212*4882a593Smuzhiyun kfree(nbc);
213*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
214*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
215*4882a593Smuzhiyun EXPORT_SYMBOL(nand_bch_free);
216*4882a593Smuzhiyun
217*4882a593Smuzhiyun MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
218*4882a593Smuzhiyun MODULE_AUTHOR("Ivan Djelic <ivan.djelic@parrot.com>");
219*4882a593Smuzhiyun MODULE_DESCRIPTION("NAND software BCH ECC support");
220