1*4882a593Smuzhiyun // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
2*4882a593Smuzhiyun /*
3*4882a593Smuzhiyun * PING: ultrasonic sensor for distance measuring by using only one GPIOs
4*4882a593Smuzhiyun *
5*4882a593Smuzhiyun * Copyright (c) 2019 Andreas Klinger <ak@it-klinger.de>
6*4882a593Smuzhiyun *
7*4882a593Smuzhiyun * For details about the devices see:
8*4882a593Smuzhiyun * http://parallax.com/sites/default/files/downloads/28041-LaserPING-2m-Rangefinder-Guide.pdf
9*4882a593Smuzhiyun * http://parallax.com/sites/default/files/downloads/28015-PING-Documentation-v1.6.pdf
10*4882a593Smuzhiyun *
11*4882a593Smuzhiyun * the measurement cycle as timing diagram looks like:
12*4882a593Smuzhiyun *
13*4882a593Smuzhiyun * GPIO ___ ________________________
14*4882a593Smuzhiyun * ping: __/ \____________/ \________________
15*4882a593Smuzhiyun * ^ ^ ^ ^
16*4882a593Smuzhiyun * |<->| interrupt interrupt
17*4882a593Smuzhiyun * udelay(5) (ts_rising) (ts_falling)
18*4882a593Smuzhiyun * |<---------------------->|
19*4882a593Smuzhiyun * . pulse time measured .
20*4882a593Smuzhiyun * . --> one round trip of ultra sonic waves
21*4882a593Smuzhiyun * ultra . .
22*4882a593Smuzhiyun * sonic _ _ _. .
23*4882a593Smuzhiyun * burst: _________/ \_/ \_/ \_________________________________________
24*4882a593Smuzhiyun * .
25*4882a593Smuzhiyun * ultra .
26*4882a593Smuzhiyun * sonic _ _ _.
27*4882a593Smuzhiyun * echo: __________________________________/ \_/ \_/ \________________
28*4882a593Smuzhiyun */
29*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/err.h>
30*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
31*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/kernel.h>
32*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/module.h>
33*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/of.h>
34*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/of_device.h>
35*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/platform_device.h>
36*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/property.h>
37*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/sched.h>
38*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/interrupt.h>
39*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/delay.h>
40*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/iio/iio.h>
41*4882a593Smuzhiyun #include <linux/iio/sysfs.h>
42*4882a593Smuzhiyun
43*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct ping_cfg {
44*4882a593Smuzhiyun unsigned long trigger_pulse_us; /* length of trigger pulse */
45*4882a593Smuzhiyun int laserping_error; /* support error code in */
46*4882a593Smuzhiyun /* pulse width of laser */
47*4882a593Smuzhiyun /* ping sensors */
48*4882a593Smuzhiyun s64 timeout_ns; /* timeout in ns */
49*4882a593Smuzhiyun };
50*4882a593Smuzhiyun
51*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct ping_data {
52*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct device *dev;
53*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct gpio_desc *gpiod_ping;
54*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct mutex lock;
55*4882a593Smuzhiyun int irqnr;
56*4882a593Smuzhiyun ktime_t ts_rising;
57*4882a593Smuzhiyun ktime_t ts_falling;
58*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct completion rising;
59*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct completion falling;
60*4882a593Smuzhiyun const struct ping_cfg *cfg;
61*4882a593Smuzhiyun };
62*4882a593Smuzhiyun
63*4882a593Smuzhiyun static const struct ping_cfg pa_ping_cfg = {
64*4882a593Smuzhiyun .trigger_pulse_us = 5,
65*4882a593Smuzhiyun .laserping_error = 0,
66*4882a593Smuzhiyun .timeout_ns = 18500000, /* 3 meters */
67*4882a593Smuzhiyun };
68*4882a593Smuzhiyun
69*4882a593Smuzhiyun static const struct ping_cfg pa_laser_ping_cfg = {
70*4882a593Smuzhiyun .trigger_pulse_us = 5,
71*4882a593Smuzhiyun .laserping_error = 1,
72*4882a593Smuzhiyun .timeout_ns = 15500000, /* 2 meters plus error codes */
73*4882a593Smuzhiyun };
74*4882a593Smuzhiyun
ping_handle_irq(int irq,void * dev_id)75*4882a593Smuzhiyun static irqreturn_t ping_handle_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
76*4882a593Smuzhiyun {
77*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct iio_dev *indio_dev = dev_id;
78*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct ping_data *data = iio_priv(indio_dev);
79*4882a593Smuzhiyun ktime_t now = ktime_get();
80*4882a593Smuzhiyun
81*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (gpiod_get_value(data->gpiod_ping)) {
82*4882a593Smuzhiyun data->ts_rising = now;
83*4882a593Smuzhiyun complete(&data->rising);
84*4882a593Smuzhiyun } else {
85*4882a593Smuzhiyun data->ts_falling = now;
86*4882a593Smuzhiyun complete(&data->falling);
87*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
88*4882a593Smuzhiyun
89*4882a593Smuzhiyun return IRQ_HANDLED;
90*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
91*4882a593Smuzhiyun
ping_read(struct iio_dev * indio_dev)92*4882a593Smuzhiyun static int ping_read(struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
93*4882a593Smuzhiyun {
94*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct ping_data *data = iio_priv(indio_dev);
95*4882a593Smuzhiyun int ret;
96*4882a593Smuzhiyun ktime_t ktime_dt;
97*4882a593Smuzhiyun s64 dt_ns;
98*4882a593Smuzhiyun u32 time_ns, distance_mm;
99*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(data->dev);
100*4882a593Smuzhiyun
101*4882a593Smuzhiyun /*
102*4882a593Smuzhiyun * just one read-echo-cycle can take place at a time
103*4882a593Smuzhiyun * ==> lock against concurrent reading calls
104*4882a593Smuzhiyun */
105*4882a593Smuzhiyun mutex_lock(&data->lock);
106*4882a593Smuzhiyun
107*4882a593Smuzhiyun reinit_completion(&data->rising);
108*4882a593Smuzhiyun reinit_completion(&data->falling);
109*4882a593Smuzhiyun
110*4882a593Smuzhiyun gpiod_set_value(data->gpiod_ping, 1);
111*4882a593Smuzhiyun udelay(data->cfg->trigger_pulse_us);
112*4882a593Smuzhiyun gpiod_set_value(data->gpiod_ping, 0);
113*4882a593Smuzhiyun
114*4882a593Smuzhiyun ret = gpiod_direction_input(data->gpiod_ping);
115*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (ret < 0) {
116*4882a593Smuzhiyun mutex_unlock(&data->lock);
117*4882a593Smuzhiyun return ret;
118*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
119*4882a593Smuzhiyun
120*4882a593Smuzhiyun data->irqnr = gpiod_to_irq(data->gpiod_ping);
121*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (data->irqnr < 0) {
122*4882a593Smuzhiyun dev_err(data->dev, "gpiod_to_irq: %d\n", data->irqnr);
123*4882a593Smuzhiyun mutex_unlock(&data->lock);
124*4882a593Smuzhiyun return data->irqnr;
125*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
126*4882a593Smuzhiyun
127*4882a593Smuzhiyun ret = request_irq(data->irqnr, ping_handle_irq,
128*4882a593Smuzhiyun IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING,
129*4882a593Smuzhiyun pdev->name, indio_dev);
130*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (ret < 0) {
131*4882a593Smuzhiyun dev_err(data->dev, "request_irq: %d\n", ret);
132*4882a593Smuzhiyun mutex_unlock(&data->lock);
133*4882a593Smuzhiyun return ret;
134*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
135*4882a593Smuzhiyun
136*4882a593Smuzhiyun /* it should not take more than 20 ms until echo is rising */
137*4882a593Smuzhiyun ret = wait_for_completion_killable_timeout(&data->rising, HZ/50);
138*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (ret < 0)
139*4882a593Smuzhiyun goto err_reset_direction;
140*4882a593Smuzhiyun else if (ret == 0) {
141*4882a593Smuzhiyun ret = -ETIMEDOUT;
142*4882a593Smuzhiyun goto err_reset_direction;
143*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
144*4882a593Smuzhiyun
145*4882a593Smuzhiyun /* it cannot take more than 50 ms until echo is falling */
146*4882a593Smuzhiyun ret = wait_for_completion_killable_timeout(&data->falling, HZ/20);
147*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (ret < 0)
148*4882a593Smuzhiyun goto err_reset_direction;
149*4882a593Smuzhiyun else if (ret == 0) {
150*4882a593Smuzhiyun ret = -ETIMEDOUT;
151*4882a593Smuzhiyun goto err_reset_direction;
152*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
153*4882a593Smuzhiyun
154*4882a593Smuzhiyun ktime_dt = ktime_sub(data->ts_falling, data->ts_rising);
155*4882a593Smuzhiyun
156*4882a593Smuzhiyun free_irq(data->irqnr, indio_dev);
157*4882a593Smuzhiyun
158*4882a593Smuzhiyun ret = gpiod_direction_output(data->gpiod_ping, GPIOD_OUT_LOW);
159*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (ret < 0) {
160*4882a593Smuzhiyun mutex_unlock(&data->lock);
161*4882a593Smuzhiyun return ret;
162*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
163*4882a593Smuzhiyun
164*4882a593Smuzhiyun mutex_unlock(&data->lock);
165*4882a593Smuzhiyun
166*4882a593Smuzhiyun dt_ns = ktime_to_ns(ktime_dt);
167*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (dt_ns > data->cfg->timeout_ns) {
168*4882a593Smuzhiyun dev_dbg(data->dev, "distance out of range: dt=%lldns\n",
169*4882a593Smuzhiyun dt_ns);
170*4882a593Smuzhiyun return -EIO;
171*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
172*4882a593Smuzhiyun
173*4882a593Smuzhiyun time_ns = dt_ns;
174*4882a593Smuzhiyun
175*4882a593Smuzhiyun /*
176*4882a593Smuzhiyun * read error code of laser ping sensor and give users chance to
177*4882a593Smuzhiyun * figure out error by using dynamic debuggging
178*4882a593Smuzhiyun */
179*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (data->cfg->laserping_error) {
180*4882a593Smuzhiyun if ((time_ns > 12500000) && (time_ns <= 13500000)) {
181*4882a593Smuzhiyun dev_dbg(data->dev, "target too close or to far\n");
182*4882a593Smuzhiyun return -EIO;
183*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
184*4882a593Smuzhiyun if ((time_ns > 13500000) && (time_ns <= 14500000)) {
185*4882a593Smuzhiyun dev_dbg(data->dev, "internal sensor error\n");
186*4882a593Smuzhiyun return -EIO;
187*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
188*4882a593Smuzhiyun if ((time_ns > 14500000) && (time_ns <= 15500000)) {
189*4882a593Smuzhiyun dev_dbg(data->dev, "internal sensor timeout\n");
190*4882a593Smuzhiyun return -EIO;
191*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
192*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
193*4882a593Smuzhiyun
194*4882a593Smuzhiyun /*
195*4882a593Smuzhiyun * the speed as function of the temperature is approximately:
196*4882a593Smuzhiyun *
197*4882a593Smuzhiyun * speed = 331,5 + 0,6 * Temp
198*4882a593Smuzhiyun * with Temp in °C
199*4882a593Smuzhiyun * and speed in m/s
200*4882a593Smuzhiyun *
201*4882a593Smuzhiyun * use 343,5 m/s as ultrasonic speed at 20 °C here in absence of the
202*4882a593Smuzhiyun * temperature
203*4882a593Smuzhiyun *
204*4882a593Smuzhiyun * therefore:
205*4882a593Smuzhiyun * time 343,5 time * 232
206*4882a593Smuzhiyun * distance = ------ * ------- = ------------
207*4882a593Smuzhiyun * 10^6 2 1350800
208*4882a593Smuzhiyun * with time in ns
209*4882a593Smuzhiyun * and distance in mm (one way)
210*4882a593Smuzhiyun *
211*4882a593Smuzhiyun * because we limit to 3 meters the multiplication with 232 just
212*4882a593Smuzhiyun * fits into 32 bit
213*4882a593Smuzhiyun */
214*4882a593Smuzhiyun distance_mm = time_ns * 232 / 1350800;
215*4882a593Smuzhiyun
216*4882a593Smuzhiyun return distance_mm;
217*4882a593Smuzhiyun
218*4882a593Smuzhiyun err_reset_direction:
219*4882a593Smuzhiyun free_irq(data->irqnr, indio_dev);
220*4882a593Smuzhiyun mutex_unlock(&data->lock);
221*4882a593Smuzhiyun
222*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (gpiod_direction_output(data->gpiod_ping, GPIOD_OUT_LOW))
223*4882a593Smuzhiyun dev_dbg(data->dev, "error in gpiod_direction_output\n");
224*4882a593Smuzhiyun return ret;
225*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
226*4882a593Smuzhiyun
ping_read_raw(struct iio_dev * indio_dev,struct iio_chan_spec const * channel,int * val,int * val2,long info)227*4882a593Smuzhiyun static int ping_read_raw(struct iio_dev *indio_dev,
228*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct iio_chan_spec const *channel, int *val,
229*4882a593Smuzhiyun int *val2, long info)
230*4882a593Smuzhiyun {
231*4882a593Smuzhiyun int ret;
232*4882a593Smuzhiyun
233*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (channel->type != IIO_DISTANCE)
234*4882a593Smuzhiyun return -EINVAL;
235*4882a593Smuzhiyun
236*4882a593Smuzhiyun switch (info) {
237*4882a593Smuzhiyun case IIO_CHAN_INFO_RAW:
238*4882a593Smuzhiyun ret = ping_read(indio_dev);
239*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (ret < 0)
240*4882a593Smuzhiyun return ret;
241*4882a593Smuzhiyun *val = ret;
242*4882a593Smuzhiyun return IIO_VAL_INT;
243*4882a593Smuzhiyun case IIO_CHAN_INFO_SCALE:
244*4882a593Smuzhiyun /*
245*4882a593Smuzhiyun * maximum resolution in datasheet is 1 mm
246*4882a593Smuzhiyun * 1 LSB is 1 mm
247*4882a593Smuzhiyun */
248*4882a593Smuzhiyun *val = 0;
249*4882a593Smuzhiyun *val2 = 1000;
250*4882a593Smuzhiyun return IIO_VAL_INT_PLUS_MICRO;
251*4882a593Smuzhiyun default:
252*4882a593Smuzhiyun return -EINVAL;
253*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
254*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
255*4882a593Smuzhiyun
256*4882a593Smuzhiyun static const struct iio_info ping_iio_info = {
257*4882a593Smuzhiyun .read_raw = ping_read_raw,
258*4882a593Smuzhiyun };
259*4882a593Smuzhiyun
260*4882a593Smuzhiyun static const struct iio_chan_spec ping_chan_spec[] = {
261*4882a593Smuzhiyun {
262*4882a593Smuzhiyun .type = IIO_DISTANCE,
263*4882a593Smuzhiyun .info_mask_separate =
264*4882a593Smuzhiyun BIT(IIO_CHAN_INFO_RAW) |
265*4882a593Smuzhiyun BIT(IIO_CHAN_INFO_SCALE),
266*4882a593Smuzhiyun },
267*4882a593Smuzhiyun };
268*4882a593Smuzhiyun
269*4882a593Smuzhiyun static const struct of_device_id of_ping_match[] = {
270*4882a593Smuzhiyun { .compatible = "parallax,ping", .data = &pa_ping_cfg},
271*4882a593Smuzhiyun { .compatible = "parallax,laserping", .data = &pa_laser_ping_cfg},
272*4882a593Smuzhiyun {},
273*4882a593Smuzhiyun };
274*4882a593Smuzhiyun
275*4882a593Smuzhiyun MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, of_ping_match);
276*4882a593Smuzhiyun
ping_probe(struct platform_device * pdev)277*4882a593Smuzhiyun static int ping_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
278*4882a593Smuzhiyun {
279*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
280*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct ping_data *data;
281*4882a593Smuzhiyun struct iio_dev *indio_dev;
282*4882a593Smuzhiyun
283*4882a593Smuzhiyun indio_dev = devm_iio_device_alloc(dev, sizeof(struct ping_data));
284*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (!indio_dev) {
285*4882a593Smuzhiyun dev_err(dev, "failed to allocate IIO device\n");
286*4882a593Smuzhiyun return -ENOMEM;
287*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
288*4882a593Smuzhiyun
289*4882a593Smuzhiyun data = iio_priv(indio_dev);
290*4882a593Smuzhiyun data->dev = dev;
291*4882a593Smuzhiyun data->cfg = of_device_get_match_data(dev);
292*4882a593Smuzhiyun
293*4882a593Smuzhiyun mutex_init(&data->lock);
294*4882a593Smuzhiyun init_completion(&data->rising);
295*4882a593Smuzhiyun init_completion(&data->falling);
296*4882a593Smuzhiyun
297*4882a593Smuzhiyun data->gpiod_ping = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "ping", GPIOD_OUT_LOW);
298*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (IS_ERR(data->gpiod_ping)) {
299*4882a593Smuzhiyun dev_err(dev, "failed to get ping-gpios: err=%ld\n",
300*4882a593Smuzhiyun PTR_ERR(data->gpiod_ping));
301*4882a593Smuzhiyun return PTR_ERR(data->gpiod_ping);
302*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
303*4882a593Smuzhiyun
304*4882a593Smuzhiyun if (gpiod_cansleep(data->gpiod_ping)) {
305*4882a593Smuzhiyun dev_err(data->dev, "cansleep-GPIOs not supported\n");
306*4882a593Smuzhiyun return -ENODEV;
307*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
308*4882a593Smuzhiyun
309*4882a593Smuzhiyun platform_set_drvdata(pdev, indio_dev);
310*4882a593Smuzhiyun
311*4882a593Smuzhiyun indio_dev->name = "ping";
312*4882a593Smuzhiyun indio_dev->info = &ping_iio_info;
313*4882a593Smuzhiyun indio_dev->modes = INDIO_DIRECT_MODE;
314*4882a593Smuzhiyun indio_dev->channels = ping_chan_spec;
315*4882a593Smuzhiyun indio_dev->num_channels = ARRAY_SIZE(ping_chan_spec);
316*4882a593Smuzhiyun
317*4882a593Smuzhiyun return devm_iio_device_register(dev, indio_dev);
318*4882a593Smuzhiyun }
319*4882a593Smuzhiyun
320*4882a593Smuzhiyun static struct platform_driver ping_driver = {
321*4882a593Smuzhiyun .probe = ping_probe,
322*4882a593Smuzhiyun .driver = {
323*4882a593Smuzhiyun .name = "ping-gpio",
324*4882a593Smuzhiyun .of_match_table = of_ping_match,
325*4882a593Smuzhiyun },
326*4882a593Smuzhiyun };
327*4882a593Smuzhiyun
328*4882a593Smuzhiyun module_platform_driver(ping_driver);
329*4882a593Smuzhiyun
330*4882a593Smuzhiyun MODULE_AUTHOR("Andreas Klinger <ak@it-klinger.de>");
331*4882a593Smuzhiyun MODULE_DESCRIPTION("PING sensors for distance measuring using one GPIOs");
332*4882a593Smuzhiyun MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
333*4882a593Smuzhiyun MODULE_ALIAS("platform:ping");
334