xref: /OK3568_Linux_fs/kernel/Documentation/dev-tools/ubsan.rst (revision 4882a59341e53eb6f0b4789bf948001014eff981)
1*4882a593SmuzhiyunThe Undefined Behavior Sanitizer - UBSAN
2*4882a593Smuzhiyun========================================
3*4882a593Smuzhiyun
4*4882a593SmuzhiyunUBSAN is a runtime undefined behaviour checker.
5*4882a593Smuzhiyun
6*4882a593SmuzhiyunUBSAN uses compile-time instrumentation to catch undefined behavior (UB).
7*4882a593SmuzhiyunCompiler inserts code that perform certain kinds of checks before operations
8*4882a593Smuzhiyunthat may cause UB. If check fails (i.e. UB detected) __ubsan_handle_*
9*4882a593Smuzhiyunfunction called to print error message.
10*4882a593Smuzhiyun
11*4882a593SmuzhiyunGCC has that feature since 4.9.x [1_] (see ``-fsanitize=undefined`` option and
12*4882a593Smuzhiyunits suboptions). GCC 5.x has more checkers implemented [2_].
13*4882a593Smuzhiyun
14*4882a593SmuzhiyunReport example
15*4882a593Smuzhiyun--------------
16*4882a593Smuzhiyun
17*4882a593Smuzhiyun::
18*4882a593Smuzhiyun
19*4882a593Smuzhiyun	 ================================================================================
20*4882a593Smuzhiyun	 UBSAN: Undefined behaviour in ../include/linux/bitops.h:110:33
21*4882a593Smuzhiyun	 shift exponent 32 is to large for 32-bit type 'unsigned int'
22*4882a593Smuzhiyun	 CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 4.4.0-rc1+ #26
23*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  0000000000000000 ffffffff82403cc8 ffffffff815e6cd6 0000000000000001
24*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  ffffffff82403cf8 ffffffff82403ce0 ffffffff8163a5ed 0000000000000020
25*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  ffffffff82403d78 ffffffff8163ac2b ffffffff815f0001 0000000000000002
26*4882a593Smuzhiyun	 Call Trace:
27*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff815e6cd6>] dump_stack+0x45/0x5f
28*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff8163a5ed>] ubsan_epilogue+0xd/0x40
29*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff8163ac2b>] __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds+0xeb/0x130
30*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff815f0001>] ? radix_tree_gang_lookup_slot+0x51/0x150
31*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff8173c586>] _mix_pool_bytes+0x1e6/0x480
32*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff83105653>] ? dmi_walk_early+0x48/0x5c
33*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff8173c881>] add_device_randomness+0x61/0x130
34*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff83105b35>] ? dmi_save_one_device+0xaa/0xaa
35*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff83105653>] dmi_walk_early+0x48/0x5c
36*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff831066ae>] dmi_scan_machine+0x278/0x4b4
37*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff8111d58a>] ? vprintk_default+0x1a/0x20
38*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff830ad120>] ? early_idt_handler_array+0x120/0x120
39*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff830b2240>] setup_arch+0x405/0xc2c
40*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff830ad120>] ? early_idt_handler_array+0x120/0x120
41*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff830ae053>] start_kernel+0x83/0x49a
42*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff830ad120>] ? early_idt_handler_array+0x120/0x120
43*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff830ad386>] x86_64_start_reservations+0x2a/0x2c
44*4882a593Smuzhiyun	  [<ffffffff830ad4f3>] x86_64_start_kernel+0x16b/0x17a
45*4882a593Smuzhiyun	 ================================================================================
46*4882a593Smuzhiyun
47*4882a593SmuzhiyunUsage
48*4882a593Smuzhiyun-----
49*4882a593Smuzhiyun
50*4882a593SmuzhiyunTo enable UBSAN configure kernel with::
51*4882a593Smuzhiyun
52*4882a593Smuzhiyun	CONFIG_UBSAN=y
53*4882a593Smuzhiyun
54*4882a593Smuzhiyunand to check the entire kernel::
55*4882a593Smuzhiyun
56*4882a593Smuzhiyun        CONFIG_UBSAN_SANITIZE_ALL=y
57*4882a593Smuzhiyun
58*4882a593SmuzhiyunTo enable instrumentation for specific files or directories, add a line
59*4882a593Smuzhiyunsimilar to the following to the respective kernel Makefile:
60*4882a593Smuzhiyun
61*4882a593Smuzhiyun- For a single file (e.g. main.o)::
62*4882a593Smuzhiyun
63*4882a593Smuzhiyun    UBSAN_SANITIZE_main.o := y
64*4882a593Smuzhiyun
65*4882a593Smuzhiyun- For all files in one directory::
66*4882a593Smuzhiyun
67*4882a593Smuzhiyun    UBSAN_SANITIZE := y
68*4882a593Smuzhiyun
69*4882a593SmuzhiyunTo exclude files from being instrumented even if
70*4882a593Smuzhiyun``CONFIG_UBSAN_SANITIZE_ALL=y``, use::
71*4882a593Smuzhiyun
72*4882a593Smuzhiyun  UBSAN_SANITIZE_main.o := n
73*4882a593Smuzhiyun
74*4882a593Smuzhiyunand::
75*4882a593Smuzhiyun
76*4882a593Smuzhiyun  UBSAN_SANITIZE := n
77*4882a593Smuzhiyun
78*4882a593SmuzhiyunDetection of unaligned accesses controlled through the separate option -
79*4882a593SmuzhiyunCONFIG_UBSAN_ALIGNMENT. It's off by default on architectures that support
80*4882a593Smuzhiyununaligned accesses (CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS=y). One could
81*4882a593Smuzhiyunstill enable it in config, just note that it will produce a lot of UBSAN
82*4882a593Smuzhiyunreports.
83*4882a593Smuzhiyun
84*4882a593SmuzhiyunReferences
85*4882a593Smuzhiyun----------
86*4882a593Smuzhiyun
87*4882a593Smuzhiyun.. _1: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.9.0/gcc/Debugging-Options.html
88*4882a593Smuzhiyun.. _2: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Debugging-Options.html
89*4882a593Smuzhiyun.. _3: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer.html
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