1// Copyright (C) 2011 - 2012 Andrzej Krzemienski.
2//
3// Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
4// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
5// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
6//
7// The idea and interface is based on Boost.Optional library
8// authored by Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
9
10# ifndef ___OPTIONAL_HPP___
11# define ___OPTIONAL_HPP___
12
13# include <utility>
14# include <type_traits>
15# include <initializer_list>
16# include <cassert>
17# include <functional>
18# include <string>
19# include <stdexcept>
20
21# define TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(...) typename enable_if<__VA_ARGS__::value, bool>::type = false
22
23# if defined __GNUC__ // NOTE: GNUC is also defined for Clang
24#   if (__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8)
25#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_AND_HIGHER___
26#   elif (__GNUC__ > 4)
27#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_AND_HIGHER___
28#   endif
29#
30#   if (__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 7)
31#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_7_AND_HIGHER___
32#   elif (__GNUC__ > 4)
33#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_7_AND_HIGHER___
34#   endif
35#
36#   if (__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ == 8) && (__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ >= 1)
37#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_1_AND_HIGHER___
38#   elif (__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 9)
39#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_1_AND_HIGHER___
40#   elif (__GNUC__ > 4)
41#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_1_AND_HIGHER___
42#   endif
43# endif
44#
45# if defined __clang_major__
46#   if (__clang_major__ == 3 && __clang_minor__ >= 5)
47#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_5_AND_HIGHTER_
48#   elif (__clang_major__ > 3)
49#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_5_AND_HIGHTER_
50#   endif
51#   if defined TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_5_AND_HIGHTER_
52#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_4_2_AND_HIGHER_
53#   elif (__clang_major__ == 3 && __clang_minor__ == 4 && __clang_patchlevel__ >= 2)
54#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_4_2_AND_HIGHER_
55#   endif
56# endif
57#
58# if defined _MSC_VER
59#   if (_MSC_VER >= 1900)
60#     define TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___
61#   endif
62# endif
63
64# if defined __clang__
65#   if (__clang_major__ > 2) || (__clang_major__ == 2) && (__clang_minor__ >= 9)
66#     define OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS 1
67#   else
68#     define OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS 0
69#   endif
70# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_1_AND_HIGHER___
71#   define OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS 1
72# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___
73#   define OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS 1
74# else
75#   define OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS 0
76# endif
77
78
79# if defined TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_1_AND_HIGHER___
80#   define OPTIONAL_HAS_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST 1
81#   define OPTIONAL_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST constexpr
82# else
83#   define OPTIONAL_HAS_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST 0
84#   define OPTIONAL_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST
85# endif
86
87# if defined TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_5_AND_HIGHTER_ && (defined __cplusplus) && (__cplusplus != 201103L)
88#   define OPTIONAL_HAS_MOVE_ACCESSORS 1
89# else
90#   define OPTIONAL_HAS_MOVE_ACCESSORS 0
91# endif
92
93# // In C++11 constexpr implies const, so we need to make non-const members also non-constexpr
94# if (defined __cplusplus) && (__cplusplus == 201103L)
95#   define OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR
96# else
97#   define OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR constexpr
98# endif
99
100namespace std{
101
102namespace experimental{
103
104// BEGIN workaround for missing is_trivially_destructible
105# if defined TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_8_AND_HIGHER___
106    // leave it: it is already there
107# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_4_2_AND_HIGHER_
108    // leave it: it is already there
109# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___
110    // leave it: it is already there
111# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_DISABLE_EMULATION_OF_TYPE_TRAITS
112    // leave it: the user doesn't want it
113# else
114	template <typename T>
115	using is_trivially_destructible = std::has_trivial_destructor<T>;
116# endif
117// END workaround for missing is_trivially_destructible
118
119# if (defined TR2_OPTIONAL_GCC_4_7_AND_HIGHER___)
120    // leave it; our metafunctions are already defined.
121# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_CLANG_3_4_2_AND_HIGHER_
122    // leave it; our metafunctions are already defined.
123# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_MSVC_2015_AND_HIGHER___
124    // leave it: it is already there
125# elif defined TR2_OPTIONAL_DISABLE_EMULATION_OF_TYPE_TRAITS
126    // leave it: the user doesn't want it
127# else
128
129
130// workaround for missing traits in GCC and CLANG
131template <class T>
132struct is_nothrow_move_constructible
133{
134  constexpr static bool value = std::is_nothrow_constructible<T, T&&>::value;
135};
136
137
138template <class T, class U>
139struct is_assignable
140{
141  template <class X, class Y>
142  constexpr static bool has_assign(...) { return false; }
143
144  template <class X, class Y, size_t S = sizeof((std::declval<X>() = std::declval<Y>(), true)) >
145  // the comma operator is necessary for the cases where operator= returns void
146  constexpr static bool has_assign(bool) { return true; }
147
148  constexpr static bool value = has_assign<T, U>(true);
149};
150
151
152template <class T>
153struct is_nothrow_move_assignable
154{
155  template <class X, bool has_any_move_assign>
156  struct has_nothrow_move_assign {
157    constexpr static bool value = false;
158  };
159
160  template <class X>
161  struct has_nothrow_move_assign<X, true> {
162    constexpr static bool value = noexcept( std::declval<X&>() = std::declval<X&&>() );
163  };
164
165  constexpr static bool value = has_nothrow_move_assign<T, is_assignable<T&, T&&>::value>::value;
166};
167// end workaround
168
169
170# endif
171
172
173
174// 20.5.4, optional for object types
175template <class T> class optional;
176
177// 20.5.5, optional for lvalue reference types
178template <class T> class optional<T&>;
179
180
181// workaround: std utility functions aren't constexpr yet
182template <class T> inline constexpr T&& constexpr_forward(typename std::remove_reference<T>::type& t) noexcept
183{
184  return static_cast<T&&>(t);
185}
186
187template <class T> inline constexpr T&& constexpr_forward(typename std::remove_reference<T>::type&& t) noexcept
188{
189    static_assert(!std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value, "!!");
190    return static_cast<T&&>(t);
191}
192
193template <class T> inline constexpr typename std::remove_reference<T>::type&& constexpr_move(T&& t) noexcept
194{
195    return static_cast<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type&&>(t);
196}
197
198
199#if defined NDEBUG
200# define TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(CHECK, EXPR) (EXPR)
201#else
202# define TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(CHECK, EXPR) ((CHECK) ? (EXPR) : ([]{assert(!#CHECK);}(), (EXPR)))
203#endif
204
205
206namespace detail_
207{
208
209// static_addressof: a constexpr version of addressof
210template <typename T>
211struct has_overloaded_addressof
212{
213  template <class X>
214  constexpr static bool has_overload(...) { return false; }
215
216  template <class X, size_t S = sizeof(std::declval<X&>().operator&()) >
217  constexpr static bool has_overload(bool) { return true; }
218
219  constexpr static bool value = has_overload<T>(true);
220};
221
222template <typename T, TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(!has_overloaded_addressof<T>)>
223constexpr T* static_addressof(T& ref)
224{
225  return &ref;
226}
227
228template <typename T, TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(has_overloaded_addressof<T>)>
229T* static_addressof(T& ref)
230{
231  return std::addressof(ref);
232}
233
234
235// the call to convert<A>(b) has return type A and converts b to type A iff b decltype(b) is implicitly convertible to A
236template <class U>
237constexpr U convert(U v) { return v; }
238
239} // namespace detail
240
241
242constexpr struct trivial_init_t{} trivial_init{};
243
244
245// 20.5.6, In-place construction
246constexpr struct in_place_t{} in_place{};
247
248
249// 20.5.7, Disengaged state indicator
250struct nullopt_t
251{
252  struct init{};
253  constexpr explicit nullopt_t(init){}
254};
255constexpr nullopt_t nullopt{nullopt_t::init()};
256
257
258// 20.5.8, class bad_optional_access
259class bad_optional_access : public logic_error {
260public:
261  explicit bad_optional_access(const string& what_arg) : logic_error{what_arg} {}
262  explicit bad_optional_access(const char* what_arg) : logic_error{what_arg} {}
263};
264
265
266template <class T>
267union storage_t
268{
269  unsigned char dummy_;
270  T value_;
271
272  constexpr storage_t( trivial_init_t ) noexcept : dummy_() {};
273
274  template <class... Args>
275  constexpr storage_t( Args&&... args ) : value_(constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...) {}
276
277  ~storage_t(){}
278};
279
280
281template <class T>
282union constexpr_storage_t
283{
284    unsigned char dummy_;
285    T value_;
286
287    constexpr constexpr_storage_t( trivial_init_t ) noexcept : dummy_() {};
288
289    template <class... Args>
290    constexpr constexpr_storage_t( Args&&... args ) : value_(constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...) {}
291
292    ~constexpr_storage_t() = default;
293};
294
295
296template <class T>
297struct optional_base
298{
299    bool init_;
300    storage_t<T> storage_;
301
302    constexpr optional_base() noexcept : init_(false), storage_(trivial_init) {};
303
304    explicit constexpr optional_base(const T& v) : init_(true), storage_(v) {}
305
306    explicit constexpr optional_base(T&& v) : init_(true), storage_(constexpr_move(v)) {}
307
308    template <class... Args> explicit optional_base(in_place_t, Args&&... args)
309        : init_(true), storage_(constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...) {}
310
311    template <class U, class... Args, TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(is_constructible<T, std::initializer_list<U>>)>
312    explicit optional_base(in_place_t, std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
313        : init_(true), storage_(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
314
315    ~optional_base() { if (init_) storage_.value_.T::~T(); }
316};
317
318
319template <class T>
320struct constexpr_optional_base
321{
322    bool init_;
323    constexpr_storage_t<T> storage_;
324
325    constexpr constexpr_optional_base() noexcept : init_(false), storage_(trivial_init) {};
326
327    explicit constexpr constexpr_optional_base(const T& v) : init_(true), storage_(v) {}
328
329    explicit constexpr constexpr_optional_base(T&& v) : init_(true), storage_(constexpr_move(v)) {}
330
331    template <class... Args> explicit constexpr constexpr_optional_base(in_place_t, Args&&... args)
332      : init_(true), storage_(constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...) {}
333
334    template <class U, class... Args, TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(is_constructible<T, std::initializer_list<U>>)>
335    OPTIONAL_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST explicit constexpr_optional_base(in_place_t, std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
336      : init_(true), storage_(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
337
338    ~constexpr_optional_base() = default;
339};
340
341template <class T>
342using OptionalBase = typename std::conditional<
343    is_trivially_destructible<T>::value,                          // if possible
344    constexpr_optional_base<typename std::remove_const<T>::type>, // use base with trivial destructor
345    optional_base<typename std::remove_const<T>::type>
346>::type;
347
348
349
350template <class T>
351class optional : private OptionalBase<T>
352{
353  static_assert( !std::is_same<typename std::decay<T>::type, nullopt_t>::value, "bad T" );
354  static_assert( !std::is_same<typename std::decay<T>::type, in_place_t>::value, "bad T" );
355
356
357  constexpr bool initialized() const noexcept { return OptionalBase<T>::init_; }
358  typename std::remove_const<T>::type* dataptr() {  return std::addressof(OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_); }
359  constexpr const T* dataptr() const { return detail_::static_addressof(OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_); }
360
361# if OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS == 1
362  constexpr const T& contained_val() const& { return OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_; }
363#   if OPTIONAL_HAS_MOVE_ACCESSORS == 1
364  OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T&& contained_val() && { return std::move(OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_); }
365  OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T& contained_val() & { return OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_; }
366#   else
367  T& contained_val() & { return OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_; }
368  T&& contained_val() && { return std::move(OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_); }
369#   endif
370# else
371  constexpr const T& contained_val() const { return OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_; }
372  T& contained_val() { return OptionalBase<T>::storage_.value_; }
373# endif
374
375  void clear() noexcept {
376    if (initialized()) dataptr()->T::~T();
377    OptionalBase<T>::init_ = false;
378  }
379
380  template <class... Args>
381  void initialize(Args&&... args) noexcept(noexcept(T(std::forward<Args>(args)...)))
382  {
383    assert(!OptionalBase<T>::init_);
384    ::new (static_cast<void*>(dataptr())) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
385    OptionalBase<T>::init_ = true;
386  }
387
388  template <class U, class... Args>
389  void initialize(std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args) noexcept(noexcept(T(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...)))
390  {
391    assert(!OptionalBase<T>::init_);
392    ::new (static_cast<void*>(dataptr())) T(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
393    OptionalBase<T>::init_ = true;
394  }
395
396public:
397  typedef T value_type;
398
399  // 20.5.5.1, constructors
400  constexpr optional() noexcept : OptionalBase<T>()  {};
401  constexpr optional(nullopt_t) noexcept : OptionalBase<T>() {};
402
403  optional(const optional& rhs)
404  : OptionalBase<T>()
405  {
406    if (rhs.initialized()) {
407        ::new (static_cast<void*>(dataptr())) T(*rhs);
408        OptionalBase<T>::init_ = true;
409    }
410  }
411
412  optional(optional&& rhs) noexcept(is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value)
413  : OptionalBase<T>()
414  {
415    if (rhs.initialized()) {
416        ::new (static_cast<void*>(dataptr())) T(std::move(*rhs));
417        OptionalBase<T>::init_ = true;
418    }
419  }
420
421  constexpr optional(const T& v) : OptionalBase<T>(v) {}
422
423  constexpr optional(T&& v) : OptionalBase<T>(constexpr_move(v)) {}
424
425  template <class... Args>
426  explicit constexpr optional(in_place_t, Args&&... args)
427  : OptionalBase<T>(in_place_t{}, constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...) {}
428
429  template <class U, class... Args, TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(is_constructible<T, std::initializer_list<U>>)>
430  OPTIONAL_CONSTEXPR_INIT_LIST explicit optional(in_place_t, std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
431  : OptionalBase<T>(in_place_t{}, il, constexpr_forward<Args>(args)...) {}
432
433  // 20.5.4.2, Destructor
434  ~optional() = default;
435
436  // 20.5.4.3, assignment
437  optional& operator=(nullopt_t) noexcept
438  {
439    clear();
440    return *this;
441  }
442
443  optional& operator=(const optional& rhs)
444  {
445    if      (initialized() == true  && rhs.initialized() == false) clear();
446    else if (initialized() == false && rhs.initialized() == true)  initialize(*rhs);
447    else if (initialized() == true  && rhs.initialized() == true)  contained_val() = *rhs;
448    return *this;
449  }
450
451  optional& operator=(optional&& rhs)
452  noexcept(is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>::value && is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value)
453  {
454    if      (initialized() == true  && rhs.initialized() == false) clear();
455    else if (initialized() == false && rhs.initialized() == true)  initialize(std::move(*rhs));
456    else if (initialized() == true  && rhs.initialized() == true)  contained_val() = std::move(*rhs);
457    return *this;
458  }
459
460  template <class U>
461  auto operator=(U&& v)
462  -> typename enable_if
463  <
464    is_same<typename decay<U>::type, T>::value,
465    optional&
466  >::type
467  {
468    if (initialized()) { contained_val() = std::forward<U>(v); }
469    else               { initialize(std::forward<U>(v));  }
470    return *this;
471  }
472
473
474  template <class... Args>
475  void emplace(Args&&... args)
476  {
477    clear();
478    initialize(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
479  }
480
481  template <class U, class... Args>
482  void emplace(initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
483  {
484    clear();
485    initialize<U, Args...>(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
486  }
487
488  // 20.5.4.4, Swap
489  void swap(optional<T>& rhs) noexcept(is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value && noexcept(swap(declval<T&>(), declval<T&>())))
490  {
491    if      (initialized() == true  && rhs.initialized() == false) { rhs.initialize(std::move(**this)); clear(); }
492    else if (initialized() == false && rhs.initialized() == true)  { initialize(std::move(*rhs)); rhs.clear(); }
493    else if (initialized() == true  && rhs.initialized() == true)  { using std::swap; swap(**this, *rhs); }
494  }
495
496  // 20.5.4.5, Observers
497
498  explicit constexpr operator bool() const noexcept { return initialized(); }
499  constexpr bool has_value() const noexcept { return initialized(); }
500
501  constexpr T const* operator ->() const {
502    return TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(initialized(), dataptr());
503  }
504
505# if OPTIONAL_HAS_MOVE_ACCESSORS == 1
506
507  OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T* operator ->() {
508    assert (initialized());
509    return dataptr();
510  }
511
512  constexpr T const& operator *() const& {
513    return TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(initialized(), contained_val());
514  }
515
516  OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T& operator *() & {
517    assert (initialized());
518    return contained_val();
519  }
520
521  OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T&& operator *() && {
522    assert (initialized());
523    return constexpr_move(contained_val());
524  }
525
526  constexpr T const& value() const& {
527    return initialized() ? contained_val() : (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), contained_val());
528  }
529
530  OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T& value() & {
531    return initialized() ? contained_val() : (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), contained_val());
532  }
533
534  OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T&& value() && {
535    if (!initialized()) throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access");
536	return std::move(contained_val());
537  }
538
539# else
540
541  T* operator ->() {
542    assert (initialized());
543    return dataptr();
544  }
545
546  constexpr T const& operator *() const {
547    return TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(initialized(), contained_val());
548  }
549
550  T& operator *() {
551    assert (initialized());
552    return contained_val();
553  }
554
555  constexpr T const& value() const {
556    return initialized() ? contained_val() : (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), contained_val());
557  }
558
559  T& value() {
560    return initialized() ? contained_val() : (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), contained_val());
561  }
562
563# endif
564
565# if OPTIONAL_HAS_THIS_RVALUE_REFS == 1
566
567  template <class V>
568  constexpr T value_or(V&& v) const&
569  {
570    return *this ? **this : detail_::convert<T>(constexpr_forward<V>(v));
571  }
572
573#   if OPTIONAL_HAS_MOVE_ACCESSORS == 1
574
575  template <class V>
576  OPTIONAL_MUTABLE_CONSTEXPR T value_or(V&& v) &&
577  {
578    return *this ? constexpr_move(const_cast<optional<T>&>(*this).contained_val()) : detail_::convert<T>(constexpr_forward<V>(v));
579  }
580
581#   else
582
583  template <class V>
584  T value_or(V&& v) &&
585  {
586    return *this ? constexpr_move(const_cast<optional<T>&>(*this).contained_val()) : detail_::convert<T>(constexpr_forward<V>(v));
587  }
588
589#   endif
590
591# else
592
593  template <class V>
594  constexpr T value_or(V&& v) const
595  {
596    return *this ? **this : detail_::convert<T>(constexpr_forward<V>(v));
597  }
598
599# endif
600
601  // 20.6.3.6, modifiers
602  void reset() noexcept { clear(); }
603};
604
605
606template <class T>
607class optional<T&>
608{
609  static_assert( !std::is_same<T, nullopt_t>::value, "bad T" );
610  static_assert( !std::is_same<T, in_place_t>::value, "bad T" );
611  T* ref;
612
613public:
614
615  // 20.5.5.1, construction/destruction
616  constexpr optional() noexcept : ref(nullptr) {}
617
618  constexpr optional(nullopt_t) noexcept : ref(nullptr) {}
619
620  constexpr optional(T& v) noexcept : ref(detail_::static_addressof(v)) {}
621
622  optional(T&&) = delete;
623
624  constexpr optional(const optional& rhs) noexcept : ref(rhs.ref) {}
625
626  explicit constexpr optional(in_place_t, T& v) noexcept : ref(detail_::static_addressof(v)) {}
627
628  explicit optional(in_place_t, T&&) = delete;
629
630  ~optional() = default;
631
632  // 20.5.5.2, mutation
633  optional& operator=(nullopt_t) noexcept {
634    ref = nullptr;
635    return *this;
636  }
637
638  // optional& operator=(const optional& rhs) noexcept {
639    // ref = rhs.ref;
640    // return *this;
641  // }
642
643  // optional& operator=(optional&& rhs) noexcept {
644    // ref = rhs.ref;
645    // return *this;
646  // }
647
648  template <typename U>
649  auto operator=(U&& rhs) noexcept
650  -> typename enable_if
651  <
652    is_same<typename decay<U>::type, optional<T&>>::value,
653    optional&
654  >::type
655  {
656    ref = rhs.ref;
657    return *this;
658  }
659
660  template <typename U>
661  auto operator=(U&& rhs) noexcept
662  -> typename enable_if
663  <
664    !is_same<typename decay<U>::type, optional<T&>>::value,
665    optional&
666  >::type
667  = delete;
668
669  void emplace(T& v) noexcept {
670    ref = detail_::static_addressof(v);
671  }
672
673  void emplace(T&&) = delete;
674
675
676  void swap(optional<T&>& rhs) noexcept
677  {
678    std::swap(ref, rhs.ref);
679  }
680
681  // 20.5.5.3, observers
682  constexpr T* operator->() const {
683    return TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(ref, ref);
684  }
685
686  constexpr T& operator*() const {
687    return TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION(ref, *ref);
688  }
689
690  constexpr T& value() const {
691    return ref ? *ref : (throw bad_optional_access("bad optional access"), *ref);
692  }
693
694  explicit constexpr operator bool() const noexcept {
695    return ref != nullptr;
696  }
697
698  constexpr bool has_value() const noexcept {
699    return ref != nullptr;
700  }
701
702  template <class V>
703  constexpr typename decay<T>::type value_or(V&& v) const
704  {
705    return *this ? **this : detail_::convert<typename decay<T>::type>(constexpr_forward<V>(v));
706  }
707
708  // x.x.x.x, modifiers
709  void reset() noexcept { ref = nullptr; }
710};
711
712
713template <class T>
714class optional<T&&>
715{
716  static_assert( sizeof(T) == 0, "optional rvalue references disallowed" );
717};
718
719
720// 20.5.8, Relational operators
721template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
722{
723  return bool(x) != bool(y) ? false : bool(x) == false ? true : *x == *y;
724}
725
726template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
727{
728  return !(x == y);
729}
730
731template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
732{
733  return (!y) ? false : (!x) ? true : *x < *y;
734}
735
736template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
737{
738  return (y < x);
739}
740
741template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
742{
743  return !(y < x);
744}
745
746template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T>& x, const optional<T>& y)
747{
748  return !(x < y);
749}
750
751
752// 20.5.9, Comparison with nullopt
753template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T>& x, nullopt_t) noexcept
754{
755  return (!x);
756}
757
758template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& x) noexcept
759{
760  return (!x);
761}
762
763template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T>& x, nullopt_t) noexcept
764{
765  return bool(x);
766}
767
768template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& x) noexcept
769{
770  return bool(x);
771}
772
773template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept
774{
775  return false;
776}
777
778template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& x) noexcept
779{
780  return bool(x);
781}
782
783template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T>& x, nullopt_t) noexcept
784{
785  return (!x);
786}
787
788template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept
789{
790  return true;
791}
792
793template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T>& x, nullopt_t) noexcept
794{
795  return bool(x);
796}
797
798template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept
799{
800  return false;
801}
802
803template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept
804{
805  return true;
806}
807
808template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& x) noexcept
809{
810  return (!x);
811}
812
813
814
815// 20.5.10, Comparison with T
816template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
817{
818  return bool(x) ? *x == v : false;
819}
820
821template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
822{
823  return bool(x) ? v == *x : false;
824}
825
826template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
827{
828  return bool(x) ? *x != v : true;
829}
830
831template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
832{
833  return bool(x) ? v != *x : true;
834}
835
836template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
837{
838  return bool(x) ? *x < v : true;
839}
840
841template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
842{
843  return bool(x) ? v > *x : true;
844}
845
846template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
847{
848  return bool(x) ? *x > v : false;
849}
850
851template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
852{
853  return bool(x) ? v < *x : false;
854}
855
856template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
857{
858  return bool(x) ? *x >= v : false;
859}
860
861template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
862{
863  return bool(x) ? v <= *x : false;
864}
865
866template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T>& x, const T& v)
867{
868  return bool(x) ? *x <= v : true;
869}
870
871template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const T& v, const optional<T>& x)
872{
873  return bool(x) ? v >= *x : true;
874}
875
876
877// Comparison of optional<T&> with T
878template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
879{
880  return bool(x) ? *x == v : false;
881}
882
883template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
884{
885  return bool(x) ? v == *x : false;
886}
887
888template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
889{
890  return bool(x) ? *x != v : true;
891}
892
893template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
894{
895  return bool(x) ? v != *x : true;
896}
897
898template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
899{
900  return bool(x) ? *x < v : true;
901}
902
903template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
904{
905  return bool(x) ? v > *x : true;
906}
907
908template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
909{
910  return bool(x) ? *x > v : false;
911}
912
913template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
914{
915  return bool(x) ? v < *x : false;
916}
917
918template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
919{
920  return bool(x) ? *x >= v : false;
921}
922
923template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
924{
925  return bool(x) ? v <= *x : false;
926}
927
928template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T&>& x, const T& v)
929{
930  return bool(x) ? *x <= v : true;
931}
932
933template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const T& v, const optional<T&>& x)
934{
935  return bool(x) ? v >= *x : true;
936}
937
938// Comparison of optional<T const&> with T
939template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
940{
941  return bool(x) ? *x == v : false;
942}
943
944template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
945{
946  return bool(x) ? v == *x : false;
947}
948
949template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
950{
951  return bool(x) ? *x != v : true;
952}
953
954template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
955{
956  return bool(x) ? v != *x : true;
957}
958
959template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
960{
961  return bool(x) ? *x < v : true;
962}
963
964template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
965{
966  return bool(x) ? v > *x : true;
967}
968
969template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
970{
971  return bool(x) ? *x > v : false;
972}
973
974template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
975{
976  return bool(x) ? v < *x : false;
977}
978
979template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
980{
981  return bool(x) ? *x >= v : false;
982}
983
984template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
985{
986  return bool(x) ? v <= *x : false;
987}
988
989template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<const T&>& x, const T& v)
990{
991  return bool(x) ? *x <= v : true;
992}
993
994template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const T& v, const optional<const T&>& x)
995{
996  return bool(x) ? v >= *x : true;
997}
998
999
1000// 20.5.12, Specialized algorithms
1001template <class T>
1002void swap(optional<T>& x, optional<T>& y) noexcept(noexcept(x.swap(y)))
1003{
1004  x.swap(y);
1005}
1006
1007
1008template <class T>
1009constexpr optional<typename decay<T>::type> make_optional(T&& v)
1010{
1011  return optional<typename decay<T>::type>(constexpr_forward<T>(v));
1012}
1013
1014template <class X>
1015constexpr optional<X&> make_optional(reference_wrapper<X> v)
1016{
1017  return optional<X&>(v.get());
1018}
1019
1020
1021} // namespace experimental
1022} // namespace std
1023
1024namespace std
1025{
1026  template <typename T>
1027  struct hash<std::experimental::optional<T>>
1028  {
1029    typedef typename hash<T>::result_type result_type;
1030    typedef std::experimental::optional<T> argument_type;
1031
1032    constexpr result_type operator()(argument_type const& arg) const {
1033      return arg ? std::hash<T>{}(*arg) : result_type{};
1034    }
1035  };
1036
1037  template <typename T>
1038  struct hash<std::experimental::optional<T&>>
1039  {
1040    typedef typename hash<T>::result_type result_type;
1041    typedef std::experimental::optional<T&> argument_type;
1042
1043    constexpr result_type operator()(argument_type const& arg) const {
1044      return arg ? std::hash<T>{}(*arg) : result_type{};
1045    }
1046  };
1047}
1048
1049# undef TR2_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES
1050# undef TR2_OPTIONAL_ASSERTED_EXPRESSION
1051
1052# endif //___OPTIONAL_HPP___
1053